Menyu yedu yezuva nezuva inoita seyakasiyana, asi kana tikakwenya pamusoro tinowana kuti yakavakirwa pa mhando shoma dzezvirimwa zvinorimwaChero musupamaketi waunoenda, kazhinji uchawana zvinhu zvikuru zvakafanana: gorosi, mupunga, nechibage, pamwe chete nemichero nemiriwo mishomanana.
Kuseri kwehuwandu uhwu kuri pachena: chikafu chedu chepasi rose chinoenderana nezvirimwa zvidiki zvinoshamisa.
Zvichakadaro, zviuru zvemarudzi anodyiwa akarimwa kwezviuru zvemakore zvakasiyiwa kure, zvichisiyiwa padivi nezvirimwa zvinobereka zvakawanda zviri nyore kutakura kana kuti zvinopa purofiti kumaindasitiri makuru. Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa izvi zvechinyakare zvinogona kurimwa zvakanaka kumba, in gadheni muhariDzinokura pateranda kana mubindu diki, uye hapana anoziva nezvadzo. Kudziwana patsva hakungovhuri mukana wekuwana manakiro matsva chete, asiwo kunotibatsira kusiyanisa kudya kwedu uye kusimbisa kushinga kwedu nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Sei chikafu chedu chichienderana nemarudzi mashoma kudaro?
Kana tikaongorora nhoroondo yese yekurima, vanhu vakaona zvinhu zvakawanda Mhando dzemiti inodyiwa 30,000Pazvose izvi, marudzi ari pakati pe6,000 ne7,000 akarimwa nguva dzose kuti agadzire chikafu. Zvisinei, muhurongwa hwemazuva ano hwezvekurima, chokwadi chakasiyana zvikuru: nhasi tinoshandisa zvirimwa zvinosvika zana nemakumi manomwe chete pakutengeserana kukuru.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti, mukati meboka diki iroro, vashoma chete Mhando makumi matatu dzezvirimwa dzinopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemacalorie nezvinovaka muviri zvatinodya zuva nezuva. Simba rinodarika 40% ratinodya rinobva muzvitatu chete: mupunga, gorosi, nechibage. Kuvimba zvakanyanya nezvirimwa zvishoma zvinodyarwa kunoita kuti tive panjodzi yekubatwa nezvipembenene, zvirwere, uye, pamusoro pezvose, migumisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kuchinjana kwekudya hakungoitiki chete nezviyo. Zvakare mumichero nemiriwo Tave tichiisa kusiyana-siyana pasi rose. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndewemabhanana: kune mhando dzakasiyana dzinosvika chiuru pasi rose, dzine maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana, saizi, uye mavara (akatwasuka, mapfupi, mamwe akatsvuka). Zvisinei, mumisika mizhinji hationi rimwe chete: mhando yeCavendish, iyo inomiririra inenge 50% yemabhanana ese anorimwa pasi rose nekuti anopa goho guru uye anokwanisa kutakurwa zvakanaka.
Maitiro akafanana aya anozvidzokorora nguva nenguva: sezvo kurima kwava neindasitiri, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana Vanogadzira zvakawanda, vanokwanisa kutakura zvinhu zviri nani, uye vanozadzisa zvinotarisirwa nemakambaniMugumisiro wacho unorerutsa zvikuru zvatinorima nekudya, nekurasikirwa kwemarudzi mazhinji emuno nemarudzi echinyakare akajairwa nemamiriro chaiwo ezvinhu.
Kurima minda imwe chete, kusiyana kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze
Kuti kugutse kudiwa kukuru kwezvirimwa izvi zvishoma zvenyeredzi pasi rose, huwandu huri kuramba huchiwedzera hwevhu hwakanyanya kuunganidzwa mu mhando imwe chete yemhando huru yekurimaMunzvimbo dzakawanda, nzvimbo dzakakura dzekurima dzinongoshandiswa pakurima gorosi, mupunga, chibage, soya, kana zvimwe zvirimwa zvemaindasitiri chete. Rudzi urwu rwekurima kwakasimba runoderedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvirimwa uye runoita kuti nharaunda dzive nehurombo.
Kudyara mbeu imwe chete, zvichibva pamhando shoma dzemajini, kune zvishandiso zvishoma zvechisikigo zvekugadzirisa shanduko dzinongoerekana dzaitika mumamiriro ekunze, kune zvipembenene zvitsva kana zvirwere zviri kubuda. Mumamiriro ekunze ekupisa kwepasi rose, nekupisa kuri kuramba kuchikwira uye nguva dzekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya, kushomeka uku kwekusiyana-siyana idambudziko guru.
Ongororo ichangobva kuitwa inoratidza kuti goho rezvirimwa zvikuru zvakaita se Chibage, soya, kana mupunga zvinogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya Mumakumi emakore anotevera. Chidzidzo chakaburitswa mumagazini inonzi Nature Food chinofungidzira kuti migumisiro yakaipa ingavepo mumakore gumi kusvika makumi maviri anotevera kana tembiricha ikaramba ichikwira uye mvura ikaramba ichinaya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti goho redu ratinonyanya kuvimba naro harizove shoma.
Kana chirimwa chikatora mamiriyoni emahekita uye kamwe kamwe chikabereka zvishoma nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, kushaikwa kwemvura, kana zvirwere zvitsva, kumanikidzwa kukuru pakuwanikwa kwechikafu pasi roseKuva nemazai ako ese mudengu rimwe chete—kana kuti anenge—haisi nzira yakanaka yekuchengeta nguva refu.
Uyezve, kurima mbeu imwe chete kunowanzo batanidzwa nekurima kwakasimba: kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwefetereza nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, kurima zvine simba, uye kudiridza kusina kunaka. Zvese izvi zvinobatsira mukurima. kudzikira kwevhu, kurasikirwa nekubereka uye kuwedzera kwemhepo inokonzera kudziya kwepasiPane kubatsira kuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, masisitimu aya anopedzisira aita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuipa.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa: kusiyanisa uye kumutsa zvirimwa zvakakanganikwa
Vakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, nyika yezvekurima iri kutsvaga nzira dzekugadzirisa zvinhu uye kuwana mukana wekuzvifambisa. Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kukurukurwa nenyanzvi nemasangano epasi rose ndeye... zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana: kwete kungovimba nezviyo zvekare chete, asi kusanganisira mhando itsva, dzekare kana dzisinganyanyi kushandiswa dzinotsungirira kupisa, kusanaya kwemvura kana ivhu rakashata.
Pakati pematanho ari kufungwa nezvawo ndeaya: kurimwa kwemarudzi matsva kana mhandoIzvi zvinosanganisira kumutsiridza zvirimwa zvechinyakare zvakakanganikwa, kugadzirisa mazuva ekudyara nekukohwa kuti aenderane nekuchinja kwekupisa nemvura inonaya, uye kunyange kuvandudzwa kwemajini kuti zvirimwa zvigone kutsungirira kushushikana nemvura kana kupisa. Zvese izvi zvinowedzerwa nekusimudzirwa kwenzira dzekurima dzinogara kwenguva refu.
Pakukurukura nezvekuchengetedzeka kwezvirimwa, nzira dzakadai sedzinotevera dzinoshanda: kurima kuchengetedza, manyowa akasvibira, kuchinjanisa zvirimwa uye kubatana, kushandiswa zvakanaka kwemvura, kuiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu muvhu uye kuderedzwa kwemakemikariMaitiro aya anobatsira kuchengetedza kukora, kuvandudza chimiro chevhu, kuchengetedza hunyoro, uye kuchengetedza nharaunda yese.
Munyaya iyi, kudzoreredzwa kwezvirimwa zvakakanganikwa kunonakidza zvikuru nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei. Zvizhinji zvacho zvakabatana nehuchenjeri hwechinyakare hwekurima Izvi zvirimwa zvakajaira mamiriro ekunze akaoma: nzvimbo dzakaoma, ivhu rine matombo, uye mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. Kuburikidza neruzivo rwekare, zvakaratidza kuti zvinokwanisa kukura zvakanaka uko zvimwe zvirimwa zvinokundikana.
Uyezve, zvirimwa izvi zvisingashandiswi zvakakwana zvinowanzoonekwa nekuda kwe huwandu hwekudya hwakakwanaMunyika umo vanhu vanosvika mabhiriyoni 1.5 vane dambudziko rekushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri (simbi, zinc, iodine, mavhitamini A, B12, D, nezvimwewo), kuunza chikafu chakapfuma uye chakasiyana-siyana kunogona kuita mutsauko chaiwo, munyika dzine urombo uye munharaunda umo, zvinoshamisa, vanhu vane uremu hwakanyanya uye vasina chikafu chinovaka muviri chakavanzika vari pamwe chete.
Zvirimwa zvakakanganikwa zvaunogona kurima kumba
Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti kumwe kusiyanisa uku kunogona kutanga kudiki, pateru yako wega kana mubindu remumaguta. Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvakajairika zvine chekuita nekurima zvinogona kugadziriswa kuti zvikwanise hari dzakadzika, kura matafura kana matura madikichero bedzi ukavapa chiedza, mvura, uye substrate yakakodzera. Pazasi uchawana mimwe mienzaniso inonakidza nekuda kwekuoma kwavo uye kukosha kwavo kwekudya.
Amaranth: inodyiwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi
Amaranth ndeimwe yezvirimwa zvinokushamisa kana wanyatsoiziva. Icho chirimwa chinogona kusvika pedyo kureba kwemamita matatu, nemadzinde akapfekedzwa nemhodzi hombe Dzine mavara akajeka: dzvuku, orenji, kana girini, zvichienderana nemhando. Chirimwa chose chinoshandiswa: mashizha, madzinde akapfava, nembeu.
Mutsika, munzvimbo zhinji dzeAfrica neAsia, amaranth yainyanya kudyiwa se miriwo ine mashizhaKufanana nesipinachi kana chard, mashizha madiki anobikwa akakangwa, mumasobho, kana muzvimedu, uye anopa mavitamini nemaminerari akawanda. Panguva imwe chete, vanhu vekuAmerica vaikoshesa zvikuru mbeu iyi, iyo inoonekwa sechikafu chenhema, senge buckwheat kana quinoa.
Mbeu dzeAmaranth dzakapfuma mumapuroteni emhando yepamusoro, dzine amino acid yakawanda, uye dzine fiber, iron, nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri. Chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti chirimwa ichi chine kushivirira kukuru kwekusanaya kwemvura uye inogona kukura muvhu risina kunaka, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yeramangwana rinopisa uye rakaoma.
Kumba, unogona kurima amaranth munzvimbo ine zuva, uchishandisa zvirongo zvakadzika zvine mvura yakanaka. Hazvidi kutarisirwa kwakaoma, kunze kwekudiridza zvine mwero uye kudzivirira kuzara kwemvura. Kuva nemiti yakawanda muhari hombe hakungopi chikafu chete, asiwo... Inowedzera kunaka kwekushongedza kunoshamisa. kubindu remuguta nekuda kwemaruva aro ane mavara akajeka.
Fonio: zviyo zvekare zvekuWest Africa
Fonio imhando yemillet inowanikwa kuWest Africa iyo inoonekwa seimwe yemhando dzemillet. zviyo zvekare zvakarimwa mukondinendiKwezviuru zvemakore, varimi munyika dzakadai seSenegal, Burkina Faso, neMali vakarima nekuishandisa, kazhinji vachiichengetera zviitiko zvakakosha.
Kare, fonium yaibatanidzwa ne kushandiswa kwevanhu vepamusoro-soro, madzishe nemadzimambo emunharaundauye zvakare kumhemberero dzakakosha: michato, mitambo yechinyakare, kana kudya mukati memwedzi weRamadan. Pasinei nekukosha uku kwetsika, haina kumbobvira yawana kubvumidzwa kwakapararira kana kupinda zvizere mumisika yepasi rose, chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti inoda kugadziriswa kwakawanda uye goho rayo harina kunyanya kuderera kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe mbeu dzemazuva ano.
Chakanakira zvikuru nhasi ndechekuti chirimwa ichi chinosiyana-siyana zvikuru. inodzivirira kusanaya kwemvura uye inokwanisa kukura muvhu risina kunakauko zvimwe zviyo zvingatadza kushanda. Izvi zvakaisa nyaya iyi pachinzvimbo chevanhu vane mukana mukuru wekukura kana mamiriro ekunze achichinja, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina mvura yakawanda.
Panyaya yekudya, fonio inopa makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara, mapuroteni nemaminerari, uye inogayiwa zviri nyore. Kunyange zvazvo isiri chirimwa chiri nyore kurima pabharukoni nekuda kwenzvimbo yachinoda kuti goho rikure zvakanyanya, kuedza kunogoneka. miti midiki pamibhedha mikuru yakasimudzwa kana mubindu remhurikunyangwe kuongorora kushandiswa kwe mbeu dzekare, sechirongwa chekudzidza nekuchengetedza pane senzvimbo huru yekuberekesa zviyo.
Nyemba dzemuCowpea: nyemba dzakasimba uye dzinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana
Nyemba, inozivikanwawo se cowpea, imbeu inobva kuAfrica yagara ichishanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yacho. Munzvimbo yayo, yainyanya kushandiswa pakurima chikafu chevanhu, muchimiro chezviyo nechirimwaZvisinei, payakaunzwa muUnited States nedzimwe nzvimbo, yainyanya kushandiswa pakudya kwemhuka.
Chirimwa chembeu chinonakidza zvikuru nekuti chinoita kuti biomass yese inodyiwaChirimwa ichi chine mashizha akapfava, maponde madiki, uye, zvechokwadi, mbeu dzakaomeswa. Mbeu idzi dzinopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemapuroteni, fiber, uye micronutrients kubva muzvirimwa, zvakafanana nedzimwe mbesa. Uyezve, sembesa, inobatsira kugadzirisa nitrogen muvhu, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kukora kwayo.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinosimbisa mbeu yemombe ndechekuti inonaka kwazvo kusanaya kwemvuraIzvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera mamiriro ekunze anodziya ane mwaka wezhizha wakaoma. Munzvimbo dzine mwaka wechando wakaderera, inogona kubatanidzwa nyore nyore mukudyara zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuti ikure zvakanaka mubindu remuriwo uye kuderedza kuvimba nebhinzi dzechinyakare.
Kuti murime nyemba kumba, chamunongoda chete magaba makuru kana nzvimbo diki yevhu rinodonhedza mvura zvakanaka rine chiedza chezuva chakananga. Chirimwa chinopa mubayiro. Hazvidi ivhu rakapfuma zvakanyanya. uye kuti, kana mamiriro ekunze akanaka, inogona kupa mapod egirini ekudya matsva nembeu dzakaomeswa dzembeu.
Yeros: nyemba yeMediterranean ichawanikwazve
Vetch imbeu inorimwa munharaunda yeMediterranean kubvira kare. Kwenguva yakareba, yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya pakurima chikafu chemhuka uye sechikafu chemhukaIzvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti hadzidi muriwo zvakanyanya uye dzinokwanisa kugara zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine zvimwe zvirimwa zvinokura zvakanyanya.
Chirimwa ichi chinogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze anotonhora uye akaoma, pamwe nevhu remhando yepamusoroIzvi zvinoita kuti ive inonakidza zvikuru pakuvandudza kushandiswa kwayo mukudya kwevanhu munzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzisina zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Pasinei nenhoroondo yayo refu, yave iri shure kune dzimwe mbesa dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzakadai senyemba, nyemba, kana bhinzi.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nzira itsva dzekubatanidza mavetches mukubika kwemazuva ano dziri kuongororwa. Muenzaniso mumwe chete ibasa rechirongwa cheCircular Gastronomy cheMadrid Institute for Rural, Agricultural and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA), icho chinokurudzira Shandisa sprouted vetch mumasaladhi nezvimwe zvigadzirwaKudzirima kunovandudza kugayiwa kwadzo uye kunowedzera zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, zvichivhura mukana wekushandiswa zvine hunyanzvi.
Pakurima kumba, vetch inoita zvakafanana nedzimwe mbesa: inoda ivhu rakareruka zvishoma, hunyoro hwakati wandei pakutanga, uye kuratidzwa kwezuva zvakanaka. Isarudzo inokwezva kune avo vanoda unza mbesa inenge yakanganwika mubindu rako repamba uye wozoedza mukicheni, uchidya zvakaomeswa, zvakabikwa kana kuti zvakaita semiti inomera.
Kugona kwekudya kunovaka muviri kwezvirimwa zvechinyakare zvisingashandiswe zvakakwana
Kupfuura mienzaniso iyi chaiyo, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa zvechinyakare zvisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa zvinosiyanisa nekuumbwa kwazvo kwezvinovaka muviri. Zvimwe zviyo, zviyo zvenhema, nembeu zvinopa mapuroteni akawanda uye micronutrients dzakawandaSemuenzaniso, Quinoa inozivikanwa nekuva imwe yedzimwe dzezviyo zvenhema dzine maamino acids ese anodiwa nevanhu.
Mimwe mbesa dzemuno, dzakadai se nzungu dzeBambara MuAfrica, dzinoonekwa senzvimbo dzinokosha dzemapuroteni anobva muzvirimwa nemafuta ane hutano munharaunda dzinodzirima. Zvimwe zvirimwa, zvakaita semamwe marudzi embesa, zvinokosheswa nekuda kwekupfuma kwazvo mucalcium, iron, nezvimwe zvicherwa zvinobatsira kudzivirira kupererwa neropa uye kusimbisa mapfupa.
Panyika apo inonzi "nzara yakavanzika" - kushaikwa kwemavhitamini nemaminerari akakosha kunyangwe kudya simba rakakwana - kunokanganisa mazana emamiriyoni evanhu, chikafu ichi chisingashandiswi zvakakwana chinogona kuita basa rakakosha. Kushaikwa kwesimbi, zinc, iodine, kana mavhitamini A, B12, uye D Zvakapararira munzvimbo dzine urombo pamwe chete nenyika dziri kusimukira, uye kunyange munharaunda dzinoita sedzine kudya kwakakwana uko zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya zvakagadziriswa.
Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa izvi zvakakanganikwa zvine mukana wekuva inokwanisa kugadzikana nemamiriro ekunzeDzajaira kurima dzine mvura shoma, muvhu riri pedyo, kana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara akafanana zvikuru nezviri kuitwa nekurima mune ramangwana munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi rose. Kuwedzera pane izvi ndiko kugona kwadzo kutengeserana kwemuno nekwepasi rose kana cheni dzemitengo dzakakodzera dzikagadzirwa uye mari ikaitwa mukutsvaga kwavo nekusimudzira.
Kuchengetedza kusiyana uku, kwezvemajini nezvekubika, haisi nyaya yekungoyeuka nguva yakapfuura kana rudo rwekumaruwa chete. Ipfungwa yakanaka yekuti kuwedzera kudya, kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu uye kuderedza migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunzeukuwo tichikoshesa ruzivo rwemadzitateguru nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana asina kuonekwa neindasitiri huru.
Basa rehurongwa hweveruzhinji nekutsvagisa
Kuti zvirimwa izvi zvibude mumumvuri, hazvina kukwana kuti vanhu vashoma vazvidyare pamatanda avo, kunyange zvazvo iri danho rekutanga rinokosha. Zvakawanda zvinodiwa. rutsigiro rwemasangano, mitemo yeruzhinji uye mari chaiyo izvo zvinoita kuti vawane tsvakiridzo, kuvandudza, kuchengetedza uye kutengeserana.
Zvizhinji zvezvikafu izvi hazvina kudzidzwa zvakakwana: ruzivo rwakadzama nezvekurima haruna kukwanaRuzivo nezvezvipembenene nezvirwere zvavo, matekinoroji ekugadzirisa akagadziriswa, uye mishandirapamwe yekukurudzira vanhu kuti vazvidye zvese zvakakosha. Nekuda kweizvi, masangano epasi rose nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa dziri kutanga kutarisa pazviri sechikamu chechirongwa chemangwana chehurongwa hwekudya hunochengetedza nguva dzose.
Zvirongwa zvakaita semapurojekiti ekudya anotenderera kana mabhangi egermplasm zvinobatsira chengetedza mhando dzemuno uye kuparadzira nzira itsva dzekugadzirirakuvaswededza pedyo nevabiki nevatengi. Kana chigadzirwa chikapinda mukubika kwepamusoro-soro kana mumaresitorendi matsva, chinowanzo konzera domino effect iyo inozopedzisira yasvika kumapurazi emhuri uye, zvishoma nezvishoma, kune veruzhinji.
Kana nzira idzi dzikasanganiswa nekukurudzira varimi, mishandirapamwe yekudzidzisa nezvekudya, uye hurongwa hwemitemo hunokoshesa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinorimwa, zvirimwa zvakaregeredzwa zvinogona kuti vadzore nzvimbo yavo yakakodzera muhurongwa hwezvekudya zvekurimaPanguva imwe chete, munhu wese anosarudza kutsvaga, kutenga, kana kurima mhando idzi ari kutumira chiratidzo chekudiwa kunobatsira kukurumidzisa shanduko.
Tave tichirima chikafu kwemakore angangoita 12,000, tichirarama munguva dzekuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze uye tichidzidza zvidzidzo zvinokosha munzira. Nhasi, takatarisana nedambudziko idzva remamiriro ekunze pasi rose, tichiteerera zvakare vanhu veko, tichidzidza nezvekudya zvechinyakare, uye batana zvakare nevaya vanogara pedyo nenyika Zvinogona kuita mutsauko mukuru. Hungwaru hwakawanda hunogona kutibatsira kujairana nenyika yakasiyana, kunyangwe padiki diki mubindu redu repamba, huri mumabasa avo nezvirimwa zvemuno.
