Maitiro ekutarisira Echeverias: Yakazara Gwaro, Mhando, uye Nyanzvi Mazano

Kuchengeta Echeverias Iri ibasa rinosvika kune wese munhu nekuda kwekuoma kwayo, asi kuti uwane zvinokatyamadza zvidyarwa, zvakafanira kuongorora mune zvavanoda uye chaiwo maitiro. Ichi chinyorwa chinounza pamwechete ruzivo rwese rwakakosha, rwevanotanga uye nyanzvi dzinonakidza, kubatanidza kurudziro inoshanda, ruzivo rwebhotani, matipi ekukura, uye zvakavanzika zvemhando huru nemhando.

Chii chinonzi Echeverias?

ari echeveria Iwo rudzi rwezvinonaka zvinomera zve mhuri Crassulaceae, chizvarwa kunyanya kuMexico nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeCentral neSouth America. Ivo vanozivikanwa pasi rese nekuda kwekukura kwavo kwakanaka kwakaita serozi, izvo zvinovatendera kuchengetedza mvura mumashizha avo ane nyama, chinhu chakakosha kugadziridza nguva dzekusanaya kwemvura munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo.

Parizvino, iyo genre inovhara zvinopfuura 150 mhando uye akawanda cultivars uye mahybrids, nekusiyana kukuru kwezvimiro, saizi uye mavara. Echeverias aripo waxy-textured mashizha, dzimwe nguva yakafukidzwa nebvudzi, iyo inovandudza huwandu hwakakura hwemumvuri: kubva kune yakanyanya girini kusvika kune yebhuruu, violet, grey, pink kana brown. Kutenda kune izvi zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuramba kwavo, ivo vanozivikanwa zvakanyanya se zvirimwa zvekushongedza zvekushandisa mukati uye kunze.

Muchidimbu, marudzi ese eEcheveria anogovana mamwe maitiro:

• Compact rosettes: Mashizha ayo akakora, anonaka akarongwa mudenderedzwa rakadzikama, achigadzira chimiro che "alabaster rose".
• Kujairana nekusanaya kwemvura uye mamiriro ekunze asina mvura: Vanogona kuchengeta mvura mumashizha avo uye madzinde, vachidzivisa kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu, hunyoro hwakaderera uye ivhu rakashata.
• Maruva anoshamisira: Vanoburitsa madzinde emaruva, kazhinji muchirimo nechirimo, ane maruva akaita sebhero mumavara anopenya senge dzvuku, orenji, yero kana pink.
• Kukura kubva kumwanasikana rosettes: Mhuka dzakawanda dzinoita masuckers akatenderedza chirimwa chaamai, zvichifambisa kuberekana.

Mhando huru uye marudzi eEcheveria

Nyika yeEcheverias yakapfuma zvisingaite. Pakati pemarudzi anonyanya kurimwa uye anokosheswa ndeaya:

• Echeveria elegans: Mashizha ebhuruu-girini ane maruva eyero nepingi. Yakanakira kugadzira dense, akasimba makapeti.
• Echeveria agavoides: mashizha maduku, anonongedza agave-akaita, akasvibira yakadzika ane matsvuku emipendero.
• Echeveria lilacina (ghost echeveria): Pale silvery mashizha, mahombe emaruva. Zviri nyore kwazvo kukura munzvimbo dzine chiedza chakanaka.
• Echeveria laui: inokosheswa mashizha ayo akatenderedzwa uye mavara anosiyana kubva kubhuruu kusvika kune jena kana girini.
• Echeveria Perle von Nürnberg: mashizha ane ruvara rwepepuru uye ruvara rwepingi, zvinozivikanwa nekunaka kwayo uye maruva epink-orange.
• Echeveria pulidonis: kupikisa zuva uye kutonhora, mashizha ebhuruu-girinhi ane mipendero mitsvuku.
• Echeveria anoti: mashizha ane vhudzi jena uye maruva matsvuku-yero.
• Echeveria runyonii: asymmetrical greyish green mashizha, akanakira semi-mumvuri.
• Echeveria desmetiana: mashizha ebhuruu kana sirivheri, maruva matsvuku kana maranjisi.
• Echeveria chihuahuaensis: maroziti akasvibira akajeka ane matipi epingi, akanakira mukati meimba kana akagamuchira mwenje wakanaka.
• Echeveria Jasiri Trend: yakanyanya kushongedza grey-girini namo mashizha.
• Echeveria pellucida: mashizha ebhuruu-girinhi akaiswa mutsvuku, ane maruva eyero-orenji.
• Echeveria grosso: mashizha akareba ebhuruu-ruvara rwepepuru.

Kusarudzwa kwemhando dzakakodzera kana zvakasiyana-siyana zvichaenderana nzvimbo iripo, zvido zvemavara uye kuratidzwa kwechiedza.

Mamiriro akanaka ekukura Echeverias

Kuchengeta echeverias yako iri mu-tip-yepamusoro mamiriro, zvakakosha kugadzirisa akati wandei akakosha maficha. Pazasi pane akanyanya kurudziro anoenderana neakanakisa masosi:

Ideal substrate

Izvi zvinomera zvinoda kwazvo porous substrate ine drainage yakanaka. Kuwedzera kunyorova ndiyo muvengi mukuru, sezvo inokurudzira kukura kwefungi uye kuora.

• Shandisa zvinosanganiswa zvekutengesa zve cacti uye succulents kana gadzira yako substrate ine fungidziro yezvikamu zve 80% succulent substrate uye 20% coarse jecha (kana perlite / ivhu). Kuwedzera matombo kuzasi kwepoto kunovandudza aeration.
• Dzivisa compact kana organic matter-rich substrates.
• Kune rockeries kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzekunze, ita shuwa kuti ivhu rinodonha nekukurumidza mushure mekunaya.

Sarudzo yehari

La Iyo poto yakakodzera ndeye terracotta kana ivhu., sezvo inofambisa kubhururuka kwechisikigo kwehunyoro hwakawandisa. Saizi inofanira kunge yakakura zvishoma pane rosette kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kusingakoshi kwemwando.

• Ita shuwa kuti ine maburi emvura ane rupo.
• Dzivisa kushandisa sosi yekuunganidza mvura, kana kuibvisa wapedza kudiridza.
• Kanhu kadiki pazasi kunodzivirira kuvharika kunobvira mumakomba.
• Unogona kukura navo midziyo yepakutanga zvakaita semakapu, magaba kana mabhodhoro, chero bedzi achinge anyorova zvakanaka.

Ideal nzvimbo: chiedza uye tembiricha

Echeverias vanoda chiedza. Kunze, vanoda nzvimbo dzakajeka zvikuru uye kubatsirwa kubva kumaawa mashomanana ezuva rakananga (zvichida mangwanani-ngwanani kana masikati masikati). Kana akakurira mumba, anofanirwa kuiswa padivi pehwindo rakatarisa kumabvazuva- kana kumadokero kuti agamuchire mwenje wakawanda.

• Dzivisa zuva rakasimba masikati kana masikati masikati, kunyanya muzhizha, kudzivisa kupisa mashizha.
• tembiricha yakanaka: Pakati pe21 ne27°C muchirimo/zhizha. Vanoshivirira kutonhora kwakadzika se10-15 ° C munguva yechando, asi zvakanakisisa kuvadzivirira kana pane njodzi yechando chakanyanya.
• Pazasi pe5°C mhando dzakawanda dzinotambura, kunyanya mahybrids nemacultivars.
• Mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, zvikurei muhari kuitira kuti mukwanise kuaendesa mukati memwaka inotonhora zvikuru.
• Dzivisa kutonhora kana kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune mvura inonaya uye mhepo ine simba.

Chikamu che Optimal ambient humidity iri pakati pe40% ne50%Vanofara zvikuru mumhepo yakaoma kupfuura mumhepo ine hunyoro.

Kudiridza uye humidity: kiyi yekubudirira

Kudiridza ndicho chinhu chakapfava. Nguva dzose inokurudzirwa Mvura zvakakwana asi chete kana iyo substrate yakaoma zvachose.Zvishoma zvakawanda:

• Munguva yekukura (spring-zhizha): Mvura mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi ega ega, kugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye mudziyo. Iwe unogona kushandisa nzira yekunyudza, ichibvumira iyo substrate kuti itore mvura kuburikidza nedhiraivha.
• Munguva yechando (dormancy): Deredza kunwisa mvura, kudiridza chete mavhiki maviri-2 ega kana kushoma. Zvakajairika kuti chirimwa chisade mvura kwenguva refu.
• Dzivisa kunyorovesa mashizha kudzivirira fungus uye mavara. Usapfapfaidza chirimwa kana kuwedzera hunyoro.

Rangarira: Mvura yakawandisa ndiyo honzeri huru yerufu pamiti iyi. Gara uchitarisa kuti ivhu rakaoma here usati wadiridza zvakare nekuisa chigunwe chako kana kuti toothpick.

Fertilizing Echeverias

Kunyangwe zvisiri zvekumanikidzwa kubhadhara, a chaiyo fetereza ye cacti uye succulents Muzviyero zvakaderera, kamwe chete pamwedzi muchirimo nechirimo, inosimudzira maruva, ruvara rweshizha, uye kukura. Usafutisa panguva yekudonha nechando (nguva yekuzorora). Tevedzera chipimo chinotaridzwa nemugadziri.

Transplant: riini uye sei kuzviita

Echeverias inoda kudzokororwa kana midzi inozadza hari kana iyo substrate inova yakaumbwa uye haichanyungudika zvakanaka, izvo zvinowanzoitika makore ese 2-3. Nguva yakanakisisa ndeyekutanga kwechirimo.

1. Nyatsobvisa chirimwa nekubata chigadziko che rosette.
2. Bvisa substrate yekare uye uongorore mamiriro emidzi, ucheke chero yakakanganiswa.
3. Kana zvichidikanwa, Rega midzi mhepo yakaoma kwemaawa akawanda usati wadyara kudzivirira zvirwere.
4. Isa chirimwa muhari itsva inongova yakakura zvishoma uye ine ivhu idzva, kuve nechokwadi chokuti midzi yakapararira.
5. Usadiridza pakarepo mushure mekudyara; kumirira mazuva mashoma kuti usaora.

Kuparadzira Echeverias: Mashizha, Offshoots, uye Zvimwe

Echeverias inowanzwa nyore nyore nenzira dzakasiyana:

1. Nemashizha ekucheka: Sarudza mashizha ane utano, acheke zvakachena pedyo nedzinde sezvinobvira, rega aome kwemazuva 1 kana maviri, woaisa muvhu rakaoma. Dzichamera midzi uye nhungirwa mukati memavhiki.
2. Nevana: Nyatsoparadzanisa mwanasikana rosettes anokura akapoteredza chirimwa chemubereki. Vanofanira kuva nemimwe midzi yavo kuti vabudirire.
3. Ne stem cuttings: Mumiti yevanhu vakuru, kucheka pamusoro pe rosette kunogona kushandiswa kudyara mutsva mushure mekubvumira ronda kuti riome.

Chero zvazvingaitika, chengetedza substrate isina kunyorova (isina kunyorova) kusvikira yadzika midzi, kudzivirira kuratidzwa nezuva rakananga kwemazuva mashoma ekutanga.

Echeverias mumaruva

Munguva yekupera kwechirimo nezhizha, Echeverias inobereka madzinde emaruva akanaka anopera mudiki, maruva akaita sebhero ane mavara anoshamisa.

• Kutumbuka kunogona kugara kwemavhiki akati wandei uye kutowedzera gore rose munzvimbo dzinodziya dzine chiedza chakawanda.
• Maruva ayo anogona kusiyana pakati pemumvuri mutsvuku, yero uye orenji, kazhinji bicolor.
• Zvakakosha kutema nzimbe dzakaoma mushure memaruva kuchengetedza simba remuti.

Matambudziko akajairika, zvipembenene uye zvirwere

Kunyangwe iwo ari zvirimwa zvinopikisa zvakanyanya, anogona kukanganiswa ne:

• Mealybugs, aphid uye spider tsvuku: Bvisa ivo nemaoko nemucheka wakanyoroveswa neisopropyl doro kana neutral liquid sipo, wozogeza. Kana hutachiwana hukaramba huripo, shandisa mushonga chaiwo wezvipembenene.
• Howa: Zvinoenderana nekudiridza uye hunyoro hunoramba huripo. Dzivisa kunyorovesa mashizha uye fambisa nzvimbo yacho zvakanaka. Chiratidzo chenguva dzose kuonekwa kwemavara matema kana kuora pasi.
• Root rot: Iyo inokonzerwa nemvura yakawandisa uye isina kucheneswa substrate. Izvo zvakakosha kurega iyo substrate yakaoma zvachose uye repot kana paine kukuvara kwakanyanya.
• Mashizha ezasi anodonha: Izvi ndezvechisikigo, kunyange kuwedzera kunogona kuratidza kupera mvura mumuviri kana kupera substrate. Bvisa mashizha akaoma kudzivirira mealybug matendere.

Kushongedza, kushandiswa uye mamwe mabhenefiti

Echeverias yakanakira zvese mapindu uye mukati memba:

• Iyo inoshandiswa mumatombo, miganhu, kurongeka kwehari, terrariums, kurongeka mumidziyo yepakutanga uye nzvimbo dzekugara.
• Ivo vakakodzera mu mapindu akaoma, maturu uye mavharanda, nzvimbo dzinotsigira zvakakwana dzine ivhu shoma.
• Mumidziyo midiki (makapu, makani, mapoto) vanounza ruvara uye kutsva kumahofisi nedzimba.
• Vanofarira mhuka dzinovaraidza uye nevana.
• Maererano neFeng Shui, ivo vanopa dziviriro uye simba rakanaka kumba.

Nekunyatsonzwisisa zvinodikanwa zveEcheverias uye nekushandisa matipi aya, iwe unozowana zvine hutano, zvine mavara, uye zvinogara kwenguva refu zvinomera zvinozomira pachena mune chero marongero. Kunyangwe iwe ukasarudza poto imwe mukati meimba kana kugadzira gadheni rinonakidza kunze, matombo ebhotani aya anogara ari bheji rechokwadi rekunakisa chero nzvimbo.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Echeveria gibbiflora: Gwara rekuchengetedza rakazara, maitiro, uye matipi