Kurima, kugadzirisa uye kubereka kweparera muti

Peya ndeimwe yemichero inonyanya kudyiwa uye inonyanya kukosheswa nevatengi nekuti ine hutano hwakanyanya, inonaka uye ine muto. Inonyanya kudiwa mumhando dzakawanda, zvese zvekuseredza uye zvihwitsi uye michero yemakeke. Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi positi kumuti unoburitsa peya: peya muti.

Iwe unoda kuziva zvese nezve peya muti?

Kwakatangira peya muti

Pear muti ndewe kune genus Pyrus uye kumhuri yeRosaceae. Iyo peya muti inogovera mhuri neapuro muti (saka peya nemaapuro zvinogara zviri pamwe chete). Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemiti yemapeya inozivikanwa uye yega yega mhando ine yayo yakasarudzika hunhu. Pakutanga, peya muti wakasimuka mumamiriro ekunze akadzikama eEurope neAfrica, uko kurimwa kwawo kwakapararira nekutenda nekushandiswa uye kutengeswa kwemichero yawo. Kamwe peya paakazonyanya kuzivikanwa, kubvunzwa nekudyiwa, mhodzi dzemuti wemapere dzakatengeswa zvakare nekupararira zvakanyanya.

Nhasi uno mhando dzepeya dzinozivikanwa ndidzo mhedzisiro yesarudzo maitiro akaitwa pakati yemusango peya miti uye maAsia iwo. Ivo havasisina chekuita neayo pear miti muEurope neAfrica.

Pear miti maitiro

Miti yemapere inowanzo kuve miti iri pakati nepakati iyo inogona kukura kusvika pakati pegumi nemakumi maviri emamita pakureba. Zvichienderana nezvakasiyana zvavanogona kuenda pakati pehurefu ihwohwo. Pear muti muti uyo yakapararira pasirese, Kunyangwe miti iyi ichinyanya kuda kwakawanda hunyoro uye kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze, asi nekudziya kwezhizha. Muchisikigo, nzvimbo dzakakodzera zvikuru dzemiti yemapeya ndeaya akazaruka, apo ivhu rine mvura yakanaka. Kana iwe uchida kukura pear miti, unofanira kudzivisa nzvimbo dzose dzine mipata yakavharwa.

Kana iri midzi yemuti wepeya, ndeyemhando yehuni uye yakadzika. Hunde yayo yakati twasu uye makwati ayo ane grey-brown uye akatsemuka. Korona yemuti inowanzoreba uye yakamanikana ine oval-shaped mashizha anoonekwa zvakasiyana pamatavi. Chimwe chinhu pamusoro pemashizha ndechekuti akasvibira kumusoro uye mapetioles awo ane yellowish.

Kana peya muti watumbuka, maruva awo anotaridzika semasumbu anozvarwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeakabatana. Ivo vanowanzove nemashanu machena peturu uye stamens yavo yakawanda yepepuru muvara. Iyo yekuda kuziva nezve pear maruva ndeyekuti iwo ari hermaphrodites.

Chibereko chemuti wepari

Iyo peari chibereko chemuti wepari uye iri, pamwe neapuro, chimwe chemichero yakanyanya kudyiwa uye inodikanwa pasi rose. Ivo anoshandiswa mumichero jongwe, majusi, zviwitsi, nezvimwe. Iyo peari inozivikanwa kwazvo uye inokosheswa nevose. Iwo akatenderera muchimiro uye akakura, ane muto uye ane nyama. Kazhinji, mhando yakanyanya kudyiwa ndiyo inoburitsa pyrus communis, imwe yemhando dzakapararira dzepear tree. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve mamwe marudzi emiti yemapeya, unogona kubvunza iyo kupatsanurwa kwemiti yemichero.

Peya zvakare inodyiwa zvakanyanya uye inokosheswa nekuda kwekunaka kwayo uye nehutano hwayo. Kana isu tichidya peya isu tinopinda uye tinopinza mumuviri wedu mavhitaminzi eakaoma B-B1, B2 uye niacin. Zvese izvi zvinotibatsira kudzora tsinga, kunatsiridza dumbu redu rekugaya uye kutibatsira kusimbisa mhasuru yemwoyo. Mukuwedzera, zvakare ine mavitamini A neC, kunze kwemaminerari akadai secalcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potasium uye mhangura.

Kana mapere achigadzirwa uye akagadzirirwa kudyiwa, chinhu chikuru ndechekuadya iwo madhiri. Inotengeswa zvakare mumakineni mune sirasi kana nekubika kwechiedza iyo inoshandiswa sekugadzirira kwemadhizeti uye compotes. Iwo anoshandiswawo mune mamwe marudzi emaswiti nemakeke uye anoshandiswa kugadzira jam.

Iyo pear muti inokura sei

Sezvambotaurwa, iyo peya muti muti unofarira mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, hunyoro uye unotonhorera, kunyangwe uine mwaka wezhizha unodziya. Naizvozvo, kana tichida kuikura, tinofanirwa kufunga nezve mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Iyo pear muti muti unokwanisa kusvika kutsungirira mazaya echando kusvika -20 madhigirii mumwaka wakasviba. Nekudaro, kana chando chikaitika muchirimo, kana chiri munguva yemaruva, peya muti haugone kumira nechando uye unofa. Ndokusaka, kuti tikure peya muti, isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve mamwe mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza enzvimbo yatinozozviita.

Kana iri ivhu ratinorima pear tree, rinofanira kunge rakagadzirwa zvakanaka, uchishandisa organic fertilizer yakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa wemupfudze, potassium, uye phosphorus. Unogonawo kudzidza kurapa a pasi revhu, iyo ingave yakanyatsokodzera chirimwa ichi. Ivhu rinonyanya kukodzera kurima miti yemapeya ndiro rine ivhu rakawanda nekuti rine mvura yakanaka. Mvura yemvura yakakosha pakupona kwemuti wepari, Saka kana tikarima muti muvhu rakaorereka iro porosity uye rinokwanisika risina kunaka, rinenge riine kushomeka kwemvura kunyangwe tikadiridza kakawanda. Nekuda kwehunhu hwemidzi yayo, ivhu rakadzika rine pH yakakosha ye6 kana 7 inokurudzirwa.

Kana tangodyara peya miti, tinofanirwa kudiridzira marita gumi emvura yemiti yega yega kekutanga. Nekudaro kudiridza kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwenguva dzose asi kusiri kuwandisa. Izvi imhaka yekuti peya miti Idzo zvirimwa zvine hunyanzvi kune ese kusanaya uye yakanyanyisa hunyoro. Kana muti wacho wakasangana nekusagadzikana muhuwandu hwemvura inowanikwa panguva yekukura kwayo, inobereka michero miduku kudarika nguva dzose.

Kubereka nekuchengetedza pear miti

Kana isu tichida kubereka iyo peya miti isu tinofanirwa kuzviita kubva kumabhuru kubatanidza izvo zvichafanirwa kuitwa mumatsutso. Aya marisheni anofanirwa kuve ne quinces kana imwe pear miti semapatani kuitira kuti vashande zvakanaka uye vagone kubereka. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti, kana isu taita kubatanidza, chinhambwe chemamita matatu chinoremekedzwa pakati pemuti wega wega wakasimwa kuitira kuti matavi asapinda munzvimbo yemumwe kana kuita makwikwi akawandisa ezve zviwanikwa.

Kana tangoisa kubatanidza kwedu zvinodikanwa kuti tifukidze hwaro nehusiku mulch kubatsira kukura kwayo. Mazuva ano muti wemapere unoberekwazve muzvirimwa nenzira iyi, nekuti inokurumidza uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Maitiro ekuberekesa akadai sekucheka kana echinyakare pear kudyara mbeu hakuchashandiswi.

Iye zvino ngatifambei nekukohwa michero. Tinofanira kufunga nezve chimwe chinhu chakakosha kwazvo. Mapeya haafanire kuibva kuti aanhonge, asi kukohwa mapere kunofanira kutanga pavanongotanga kusiyanisa ruvara rwegobvu ravo kubva pagirinhi rakasviba kuenda pane chiedza. Kamwe ipapo, zvinokwanisika kutanga kutora mapera. Chimwe chiratidzo chekuziva kana peya rinogona kukohwewa izvozvi, kutora muchero, kuumonyorodza zvinyoro uye zvishoma nezvishoma uye kana ukabuda zviri nyore, imhaka yekuti vagadzirira kukohwewa.

Zvekuchengetedza peya muti isu tinofanirwa kuita kuchekerera izvo zvinofanirwa kuremekedza kutemwa kwekutanga kwemiti midiki. Kuchekerera kwekutanga uku kunoitwa kana kureba kwemuti kunosvika masendimita makumi masere. Apa ndipo apo kuchekerera kunofanira kuitwa nenzira inoita kuti mapazi makuru maviri akure. Sezvo mapazi makuru maviri achikura, tichachekerera nhungirwa dzemapazi echipiri. Kuchekerera kwakawanda kunoitwa pamiti yatova nemakore matatu kana mana kana kukohwa kwapera. Nekuchekerera uku tiri kusimudzira hutano hwechirimwa uye zvakare kusimbisa rinotevera maruva.

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa peari mhando muSpain ndeiyi:

• white
• Ercolini
• Ndimu
• Akanaka muKristu William's
• musangano
• Akanaka Luisa weArranches
• Dean weSarudzo
• bartlett

Pear miti pollination

Iyo pear muti unosimudzwa nezvipembenene kuburikidza muchinjikwa pollination. Mapollinator anodiwa pakubereka kwavo chaiko, sezvo vasina kunyatsozvitakura. Kunyangwe miti yemapeya iine huwandu hwakawanda hwemaruva, michero yavanogadzira inoenderana asingasviki makumi maviri muzana emaruva. Nekuti iyo yakanyanya kukodzera pollination ndiyo yakayambuka, tinofanirwa kuve nemiti miviri yemapari inoenderana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemaperera dzinoda chechipiri chienzanisi kuti dzifambise zvakanaka.

Zvinodikanwa kune iyo pear miti kudyara

Sekupfupisa isu tinonyora zvinodikanwa zvinodiwa kune yakanaka pear miti kudyarwa nekubudirira kwechokwadi:

• Iyo pear muti inoda inodziya, zuva, hunyoro, inotonhorera mamiriro ekunze asina chando muchirimo.
• Ivhu racho rinofanira kunge riine ivhu uye rakaomarara pakudhirowa kwakakodzera. Inogona zvakare kukura muvhu rejecha.
• Iyo yakanakisa kubatanidzwa kwepari pear ine quince pateni, nekuti inopa miti midiki iyo inoita kuti iunganidze uye inokasira kutumbuka nekukurumidza.
• Iyo peari inokohwewa painoshandura ruvara kubva murima kuenda kune girini yakajeka, kana kana ichimonyoroka inonamatira nyore.

Neruzivo urwu tinogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemapeya nemiti yemapeya uye tinokwanisa kuzvirima zvedu michero.