Maitiro Ekusarudza Miti Yekushongedza: Yakazara Gwaro uye Nyanzvi Mazano

ari miti yekushongedza Ivo vechokwadi protagonists mune chero nzvimbo yebindu. Havangonakidzi nharaunda chete nechitarisiko chavo, mashizha, uye maruva, asi zvakare vanobatsira pakugara zvakanaka uye nemhando yehupenyu nekudzora tembiricha, kupa mumvuri, kugadzira kuvanzika, uye kuita sehutiziro hwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Nekudaro, kusarudzwa kwakaringana kwemhando dzekushongedza kwebindu kunoda kunyatsoronga kunotora zvinhu zvakawanda mukufunga. Kusarudza zvakanaka ndicho chinhu chakakosha kudzivirira matambudziko emangwana uye kunakidzwa nemuti une hutano, wakanaka, uye unoshanda kwemakumi emakore.

Chii chiri muti wekushongedza uye nei uchisarudza imwe yebindu rako?

Muti wekushongedza ndiwo wakakura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunaka kwawo. Aya marudzi anogona kumira kune:

• Runako rwayo rwemaruva: Maruva akanyanya, mavara akajeka kana kunhuhwirira kunokwezva.
• Mashizha anoyevedza: Autumnal mavara, mashizha akasvibira, akasiyana masilhouettes kana toni dzisina kujairika seyepepuru, sirivheri kana goridhe.
• Chimiro uye chimiro: Hunde dzezvivezwa, dzine matavi kana kudonhedza (kuchema) korona, yakatwasuka kana yakamonyoroka kukura.
• KuzvishanduraMamwe marudzi akasimba kwazvo uye anoshivirira akasiyana mamiriro, achiaita akanakira kumaguta uye kugarisa gadheni.

Pamusoro pebasa rayo rekushongedza, miti yekushongedza inoita basa rakakosha mubindu ecosystem: inopa mumvuri, inogadzirisa tembiricha, inogadzira zvipingamupinyi zvemhepo uye ruzha, inokwezva mapollinator, uye inosimudzira kukosha kwenzvimbo uye kunaka kwemba.

Zvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza miti yekushongedza

Kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo kunoreva kuongorora maitiro enzvimbo iyo muti uchasimwa, asiwo kutarisira kukura kwayo uye ramangwana rinozoita pabindu uye zvivakwa zviri pedyo.

Inowanikwa nzvimbo: Saizi yevakuru uye kusimudzira

Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekusarudza pamhepo, pasina kufunga kuti muti uchakura.Muti mudiki wakaiswa muhari unokwanisa, nekufamba kwemakore, kukura kusvika pakureba uye canopy kupararira, uye kunyange kugadzira midzi yakakura kupfuura yaitarisirwa. Usati wasarudza rudzi, ipfungwa yakanaka kuziva nezve:

• Urefu hwepamusoro hunogona kusvika muti mukuru
• Cup dhayamita
• Rudzi uye kukura kwemidzi (dzimwe dzinopinda uye dzinogona kukuvadza mapaipi, madziro kana migwagwa)

Kumagadheni madiki (asingasviki 50 m²), sarudza mhando dzakasimba, dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma dzine midzi isingaite. Mumagadheni akakura zviri pakati nepakati kana akakura, kune miti mikuru iri pakati nepakati kana mikuru, asi nguva dzose tichiremekedza zvinhambwe zvishoma kubva pamba, madziro, madziva ekutuhwina, kana mitsetse yepasi pevhu.

Mamiriro ekunze uye nzvimbo

Mamiriro ekunze anogadzirisa mukubudirira kwemuti wekushongedzaMhuka dzinowanzobudirira zvakanyanya kana dzichibva kunharaunda dzakafanana nedzenzvimbo yekudyara. Zvinokosha kucherechedza:

• Minimum uye yakanyanya tembiricha (kupikisa kutonhora kwakanyanya kana kupisa)
• Kuwanda kwechando uye kunaya kwechando, kana kusanaya kwemwaka
• Kunaya nekunyorova
• Solar kutsanangurwa (zuva rakazara, semi-mumvuri kana mumvuri)
• Mhepo (mamwe marudzi anonzwisisa kupfuura mamwe kune mhepo ine simba kana ine munyu pedyo negungwa)

Kubvunza mamepu erusticity uye kuona mhuka dzemuno kana dzakanyatso gadziriswa munzvimbo iyi kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuita sarudzo yakanaka (miorivhi, mioki, mipaini uye nezvimwe).

Ivhu rudzi uye drainage

Iyo substrate iropa remuti. Kutanga, ongorora:

• Rudzi rwevhu: sandy, clayey, silty, stony, etc.
• pH uye zvinovaka muviriMimwe miti inoda ivhu rine acidic (maples, sweetgum, magnolias), asi vamwe vanobudirira mualkaline kana calcareous ivhu (miti yemiorivhi, mapomegranati, mioki).
• DrainageMiti yekushongedza inotambura zvikuru kubva mumvura yakadzika kana yakasungirirwa substrates; mazhinji anoda ivhu rinotonhorera, rakanyoroveswa.

Kuti uzive, unogona kuita bvunzo yakapusa yevhiniga (yealkalinity), bvunzo yekubheka pasoda (ye acidity), kana bvunzo yemvura nekuchera gomba nekurizadza nemvura. Kana zvichitora anopfuura maawa mashoma kuti upinde, unofanira kuvandudza mvura yemvura usati wadyara.

Basa raunoda kuti muti uzadzise

• Sombra: Miti yakaomeswa, yakafara-korona (muti wendege, mulberry, muoki)
• Ornamental maruvaOrnamental apple tree, magnolia, Japanese cherry tree, Judhasi muti
• Kuvanzika kana kuona chipingamupinyi: Cypress, leylandi, laurel, photinia
• Kukwezva zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana: Miti yepuramu, miarumondi, mitamba, miti yemichero inopa mukume nemichero kumhuka
• Kuchengetedza kwakadzikaMhuka dzekuzvarwa kana dzakanyatsogadziriswa (muorivhi, holm oak, juniper, hackberry)

Hapana muti wakakwana unosangana nezvinodiwa zvese (kukura nekukurumidza, maruva anoyevedza, mashizha anogara akasvibira, zero ivhu, uye midzi isingapindire), saka zvakakosha kutsanangura zvinokoshesesa nzvimbo yako uye mararamiro.

Kuchengetedza uye kutarisira maererano nemhando

Sarudza miti zvichienderana nenguva uye zviwanikwa zvaunogona kana kuti unoda kuzvitsaurira pakuchengeta kwavo. Mimwe miti yeshongedzo inoda kuchekererwa nguva dzose, fetiraiza, kurapwa kwephytosanitary, kana kudiridza nguva nenguva, nepo imwe yakasimba zvakanyanya uye inorarama nekutarisira kushoma, ichiita kuti ive yakanakira xeriscaping kana magadheni emadhorobha.

Kana iwe usina nguva yakawanda, sarudza mhando dzemhando dzakaderera (muti wemuorivhi, sitirobheri muti, holm oak, jacaranda…). Kana iwe uchifadzwa nematambudziko uye uchida gadheni rakasvibirira, unogona kusanganisira mamwe marudzi anodiwa (magnolia, acer palmatum, miti yemichero, nezvimwewo).

Kuenderana nezvimwe zvinomera uye chimiro chebindu

Funga kuronga kwegadheni kwenguva refu:

• Muti mukuru uchatora nzvimbo ipi?
• Zvichakanganisa sei kukura kwehuswa, makwenzi, nemaruva zviri pedyo (mumvuri, makwikwi emvura uye chikafu)
• Kana midzi yaro kana matavi achizokanganisa zvivakwa, migwagwa kana zvivakwa

Kubatanidzwa kwakabatana kwezvese zvidyarwa uye zvimiro zvemukati menyika kwakakosha kudzivirira kutamiswa, kuchekerera zvakanyanya, kana kubviswa kwezvimiro mune ramangwana.

Kurongeka kwemiti yekushongedza maererano nehukuru hwebindu

Chiyero uye chikamu chinhu. Heano mimwe mienzaniso inokurudzirwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo iripo:

Miti yekushongedza yeminda midiki

• Pepuru shizha plum ( Prunus cerasifera 'Nigra'): Korona yakakomberedzwa, mashizha epepuru, maruva machena kana epingi. Kazhinji kusvika: 6-8 m kureba.
• Pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira): Shrub/muti unosvika 7 m. Kunyanya kudzoreka nekuchekerera, evergreen, maruva anonhuhwirira kwazvo.
• Maple eJapan (Acer palmatum): Hurefu hwepamusoro hwe5-8 m, ane mavara, mashizha ane mawere, akanakira muvhu rine acid.
• Lilo (Syringa vulgaris): Yakaderera branching, kusvika ku7 m, maruva anonhuhwirira muchena kana lilac panicles.
• Arbutus (Arbutus unedo): Yakakwana, inononoka kukura, michero inodyika uye inoyevedza maruva.
• Ornamental apple tree (Malus floribunda): Inoyevedza maruva uye diki saizi.
• Jupiter muti (Lagerstroemia indica): Maruva ezhizha mune panicles, anoyevedza mashizha emumatsutso uye makwati ekushongedza.

Miti yekushongedza yeminda mikuru

• Royal mepu (Acer platanoides): Inogona kusvika 25-35 m. Mashizha mahombe, inonakidza matsutso ruvara shanduko.
• St. John's Cedar (Cupressus lusitanica): Majestic perennial conifer, kusvika 35-40 m.
• Common beche (Fagus sylvatica): Muti une korona yakakura, kusvika ku40 m, yakanakira ivhu idzva uye rakadzika.
• Oak (Quercus robur, Quercus ilex): Kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, kurarama kwenguva refu uye mumvuri wakajeka.
• Shadow bhanana (Platanus x hispanica): Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagadheni emudhorobha, mimvuri mitema, inodzivisa kuchekerera nekusvibiswa.
• Kuchema willow (Salix babylonica): Yakanakira nzvimbo dzine hunyoro, chitarisiko chekuchema, kukurumidza kukura uye rudo.
• Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora): Mashizha anobwinya, maruva anonhuhwirira, pyramidal korona, anosvika 15-20 m.

Miti yemhando dzakasiyana dzevhu uye mamiriro

Kugadzirisa kusarudzwa kwemuti wekushongedza kune chaiyo mhando yevhu uye simba rayo remvura kwakakosha pakukura kwayo kwakanaka uye kwakasimba:

• Ivhu rine acidic kana kwarakarerekera: Japanese maple, magnolia, sweetgum, American oak, camellias, hydrangeas, chestnut, Virginia tulip muti.
• Alkaline kana calcareous ivhu: Hackberry, boxwood, yew, London ndege, holm oak, muonde, hornbeam, pomegranate, muti werudo, muorivhi.
• Ivhu rine mvura yakanakaInenge miti yose yekushongedza inoda. Kana ivhu richichengeta mvura yakawanda, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa masisitimu emvura, kusimudza ivhu, kana kusanganisa muperlite/ivhu.
• Nzvimbo dzakanyorova kana nzvimbo dzine mafashamo kwenguva pfupi: Weeping willow, alder, sweetgum.

Kukosha kwemamiriro ekunze pakusarudza miti yekushongedza

Mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda anosarudza kuti ndeupi rudzi ruchakura zvakanyanya uye runoda kutarisirwa kushoma. Tarisa mhuka dzesango nemiti yatobudirira munzvimbo iyi:

• En Mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean: Olive, sitirobheri muti, pomegranate, holm oak, Aleppo pine, jacaranda, chestnut, hackberry.
• En matunhu anogara achirohwa nechando: Beech, cherry, linden, birch, oak, maple, magnolia, yew.
• En Nzvimbo dzegungwaTamarisk, willow, London ndege, mulberry, eucalyptus (maererano nemutemo wemunharaunda), Monterey cypress.
• En nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzinopisa: Olive, acacia, tipa, carob, jacaranda, ceibo.
• En dzinopisa nzvimbo: Flamboyan, enterolobium, bombax, zvanza.

Inokurumidza kukura miti yekushongedza ine mumvuri wakawanda

Kana iwe uchitsvaga mumvuri nekukasira, heano mamwe ekukurumidza-kukura sarudzo (kunyangwe iwo anowanzoda imwe gadziriso):

• Kuchema willow (Salix babylonica): Kukura nekukurumidza, matavi akarembera uye mumvuri wakasefa.
• Common poplar (Populus tremula): Kukurumidza, kwakanakira nzvimbo huru.
• Shadow bhanana (Platanus x hispanica): Kukurumidza kukura, korona yakakura uye mashizha anodonha.
• mhashu (Robinia pseudoacacia): Kukura kwakareba mumakore mashoma, maruva anonhuhwirira.
• Linden (Tilia europaea): Shizha guru, mumvuri wakaoma uye kunhuhwirira.
• Muti weParadhiso (Melia azedarach): Mashizha akasanganiswa uye kukura nekukurumidza.
• Ceibo (Erythrina crista-galli): Kufukidzwa nekukurumidza uye maruva matsvuku anoyevedza.

Rangarira kuti miti inokura nekukurumidza inowanzoda kuchekererwa nguva nenguva kuti idzore saizi yayo uye kuchengetedza chimiro chine hutano.

Miti yekushongedza iri nyore

Kune avo vanoda runako pasina kushanda nesimba:

• Olive (Olea europaea): Inogara kwenguva refu, inogara yakasvibira, inopesana nekusanaya kwemvura uye kuchekerera.
• Kazhinji cypress (Cupressus sempervirens): Yakasikwa column, yakanakira hedges uye kupatsanura.
• Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia): Inoshamisa maruva eruvara, isingaderere.
• Arbutus (Arbutus unedo): Evergreen, michero inodyiwa uye inenge isina zvipembenene.
• Muti werudo (Cercis siliquastrum): Kutumbuka pamatavi asina chinhu, kuchinjika kune ivhu rakasiyana.
• Kuchema willow (Salix babylonica): Inongoda hunyoro hunogara huripo.
• Vadivelu Comedy Indian Laurel (Ficus microcarpa): Inoshivirira, yekushongedza bark, yakanakira mamiriro ekunze akapfava.

Miti yemichero inoshongedza inoshongedza uye inobereka goho

Inosanganisa aesthetic neiyo inobatsira. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve zvakasiyana miti yekushongedza yepatio, tarisa kusarudzwa kwemarudzi emichero anopawo kunaka uye kubudirira.

• Apple muti (Malus domestica): Maruva echirimo nemichero yezhizha.
• Cherry (Prunus avium): Kupenya kunoshamisa, cherries inonaka.
• Lemon muti (Citrus limon): Inonhuhwirira, inotumbuka uye inobereka michero inenge gore rose munzvimbo dzakapfava.
• Damba (Punica granatum): Zvibereko zvitsvuku, mashizha ekushongedza uye maruva ane mavara.
• Higuera (Ficus carica): Michero yezhizha, dense korona uye kusanaya kwemvura.
• Almond (Prunus dulcis): Pink inotumbuka munguva yechando, muchero wakaoma.

Ornamental miti yemaruva yebindu

• Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora): Maruva makuru, machena, anonhuwirira pamashizha akasvibira.
• Cherry yeJapan (Prunus serrulata): Kutumbuka kwepingi kwekutanga, kutaridzika kwakabatana.
• Ornamental plum muti ( Prunus cerasifera ): Maruva machena kana mapingi, mashizha epepuru.
• Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia): Masumbu emaruva ebhuruu kana violet muchirimo.
• Laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides): Masumbu akarembera emaruva eyero.

Miti iyi haisi kungokwezva kutarisa kwekuona, asiwo mapollinator akadai senyuchi uye butterflies.

Miti yekushongedza yemagadheni emidziyo kana ayo ane nzvimbo shoma

Kune nzvimbo diki kana magadheni emidziyo, ona mhando mukati miti yekushongedza muhari izvo zvinonyatsoenderana nenzvimbo yako uye zvaunoda.

Zvemutemo uye kugarisana kufunga

Usati wadyara, rangarira:

• Tarisa iyo zvisungo zvemanisipala kana mitemo yemunharaunda pamusoro pezvinhambwe zvishoma zvekudyara kubva kumiganhu nezvivakwa.
• El Civil Code Mune mamwe matunhu, zvinosungirwa kudyara miti iri chinhambwe chemamita maviri kubva kumuganhu (tarisa kana izvi zvichishanda munharaunda yako).
• Ita kudzidziswa uye kuchengetedza kuchekerera periodic kudzivisa kuvhiringidza vavakidzani (mumvuri wakawandisa, midzi inoparadza, mashizha anodonha kana michero).

Mazano uye mazano anoshanda ekuita sarudzo yakanaka

1. Tsvakurudzo uye kuronga kwenguva refuFunga kuti muti wako uchataridzika sei mumakore gumi, makumi maviri, kana makumi mashanu. Dzivisa kutenga zvechimbichimbi zvichienderana nematarisiro azvinoita pakireshi.
2. Kuisa pamberi pemarudzi ekuzvarwa kana kuti akagadziridzwa zvakanaka: Izvo zvakanyanya kuramba uye zvinoda kutarisirwa kushoma.
3. Gadzirira ivhu zvakanaka: Usati wadyara, vandudza substrate ne organic fertilizer, compost kana ivhu repamusoro maererano nezvinodiwa zvemarudzi akasarudzwa.
4. Sarudza nguva yakanaka yekudyaraKazhinji, matsutso nechando (kunze kwenguva yechando) zvakanakira kuve nechokwadi chekudzika midzi zhizha risati rasvika.
5. Chengeta kudiridza kwakakwana: Mumakore mashomanana okutanga, kunyange mhuka dzakasimba dzinoda kudiridzwa nguva dzose kusvikira dzave dzakasimba.
6. Kuchekerera zvine hungwaruKuchekerera kunofanira kuremekedza maumbirwo emuti wacho. Dzivisa kudimbura matavi makuru kana kugadzira maronda akakura.
7. Inodzivirira midzi: Inodzivirira kutsika kwevhu pamusoro pemidzi uye inodzivirira hwaro hwemuti kubva pakutsika-tsika nemichina.

Kukanganisa kwakajairika pakusarudza miti yekushongedza

• Tisingatarisire saizi yevakuru: Kusarudza mhando dzisina kufanira pakukura kwegadheni kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekudhura.
• Kusava nehanya nemamiriro ekunze kana ivhu zvinodiwaKumanikidza zvipenyu zvisingaenderani zvinotungamirira kumiti isina simba, inorwara.
• Dyara padyo zvakanyanya kune zvivakwa: Midzi nekorona zvinogona kukuvadza mapaipi, matenga, madziro uye migwagwa.
• Kusiyanisa kushoma: Kudyara mhando imwe chete yemuti (monoculture) kunowedzera njodzi yezvipembenene kana zvirwere.
• Kushaya kwekutanga kuchengetedzaKuregeredza mushure mekudyara kunoshora muti kusakura zvakanaka.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Miti Yekushongedza

• Ndinogona kudyara chero muti wekushongedza mune chero mamiriro ekunze?
  Kwete. Zvakakosha kusarudza mhuka dzakachinjirwa kumamiriro enzvimbo kudzivirira kufa nguva isati yakwana kana kuchengetedza zvakanyanya.
• Inguva yakawanda sei yandinoda kudyara muti wemumvuri?
  Izvo zvinoenderana nemhando, asi zvakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kuremekedza dhayamita yekorona yevakuru, kazhinji pakati pe4 ne10 metres yepakati uye yakakura miti. Gara uchitarisa iyo technical data sheet usati wadyara.
• Ndeipi miti yekushongedza isingasimudze nzira kana kukuvadza mapaipi?
  Miti ine midzi isingapindiki, yakadai semiti ye sitirobheri, pittosporums, plum miti, lilac miti, mamepu eJapan, kana miti miduku yemichero, isarudzo dzakachengeteka dzenzvimbo dzomumaguta kana mayadhi maduku.
• Miti inogara yakasvibira kana inodonha iri nani here?
  Chimwe nechimwe chine zvazvakanakira. Evergreens inopa kuvanzika uye greenery munguva yechando; miti yakaoma inopinza muzuva rechando uye inopa ruvara rwekudonha, asi ichikonzera nyonganiso yakawanda nekuda kwekudonha kwemashizha.
• Ndeipi nguva yakanakisisa yekudyara miti yekushongedza?
  Autumn nechando, kune marudzi mazhinji, sezvavanozvisimbisa pamberi pekupisa kwezhizha.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Yakazara Nhungamiro yeMiti Yekushongedza yePatios: Runako, Mimvuri, uye Hupenyu munzvimbo Yako Yekunze