Ita michero yemiti Ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kushanda uye anowanikwa nzira dzekuwanza aunofarira marudzi, achikutendera iwe kuti uwane chaiwo clones echirimwa chaamai zviri nyore, mune zvehupfumi, uye pasina kudiwa kweruzivo rwepamusoro pegadheni. kupararira nekutema Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevaviri veamateurs uye nyanzvi nekuda kwekumhanya kwayo, kushanda uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa.
Mugwaro rino rakazara, iwe unowana zvese zvaunoda kuti ugone hunyanzvi hwekutora kucheka: kubva pamusiyano pakati pemhando dzekucheka zvichienderana nekukura kwechirimwa, kusarudza nguva yakakwana, uchishandisa mahomoni emidzi, kuchengetedza kwechirimwa, uye kunyangwe maitiro ekudzivirira kukanganisa kwakajairika. Iwe unozodzidza zvakare kuti ndedzipi mhando dziri nyore kuparadzira uchishandisa nzira iyi uye ndeapi maturusi uye maturusi achakubatsira iwe kuwedzera kubudirira kwemaitiro.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi kucheka uye chinowedzera sei?
Un kucheka Icho chidimbu chechirimwa (kubva pamadzinde, nhungirwa kana matavi kusvika kumashizha kana midzi, zvichienderana nemhando) iyo, yakamboparadzaniswa kubva kune amai chirimwa ichiiswa mu yakakodzera rooting medium (mvura, ivhu, jecha kana yakakosha substrate), inokwanisa kugadzira midzi uye kuve mutsva wemuenzaniso, wakangofanana nepakutanga.
Iyi nzira yekubereka kweasexual inoshanda uye yakavimbika nekuti inokurumidza kukura kana ichienzaniswa nekudyara nembeu uye inovimbisa kuti chimiro chechirimwa (maruva, mavara, zvinonhuwira, kuramba) zvinoramba zvakafanana mumwana.
- ari hutano hunde uye padanho rakakodzera rekutenderera kwezvinomera ivo vakanyanya kutora kucheka kunoshanda.
- Iyo nzira inoda kudzorwa kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro echiedza, humidity uye tembiricha.
- Kushandiswa kwe kudzura mahormone Inogona kuvandudza uye kukurumidza kuumbwa kwemidzi, ichinyanya kubatsira mumhando dzinoda.
Zvishandiso zvakakosha uye zvinhu zvekugadzira kucheka
Vimba zvishandiso zvakakodzera Inosimudzira kucheka kwakachena, inoderedza kukuvadzwa, uye inodzivirira utachiona kana kuora kunogona kutadzisa kudzika midzi. Usati watanga, unganidza uye kuuraya utachiona zvishandiso zvinotevera:
- Zvigero zvekuchekerera miti kana mapanga anopinza: Vanocheka madzinde zvakanaka, vachinzvenga kupwanya.
- Pruning saw: zvinodiwa pamatavi ane huni kana makobvu.
- Matireyi, mapoto madiki kana midziyo: kuronga kucheka uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemidzi.
- Rooting hormone: kunowedzera mukana wekubudirira mumarudzi akaoma kuparadzira.
- Gardener's trowel: kubata substrate kana ivhu zvinyoro.
- Magurovhosi egadheni nemabhegi epurasitiki: Iwo mabhegi anoshanda se mini greenhouses, achichengeta ambient humidity yakakwirira.
- Special substrate yekucheka: Musanganiswa wejecha, perlite, sphagnum kana substrates yekutengeserana pasina mishonga inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira zvirwere zvefungal.
La kuchenesa uye kuuraya utachiona zvechigero, mapanga uye midziyo zvakakosha kudzivirira kutapurirana kwezvirwere uye kuwedzera mikana yekubudirira kucheka.
Ndeipi nguva yakanaka yekutora cuttings?
El optimal moment Nguva yekutora cuttings inoenderana nemhando dzose uye kutenderera kwekukura kwechirimwa chemubereki. Zvichekwa zvine mukana mukuru wekubudirira zvinowanzobva pamadzinde madiki panguva yavo yakasimba, asi mhando yega yega yekucheka ine mwaka wayo waunoda:
- Manyoro kana herbaceous stem cuttings: Vanogona kutemwa chero nguva, kunyanya muchirimo uye zhizha, apo chirimwa chiri mukukura kwakakwana.
- Softwood cuttings: yakanaka muchirimo uye kutanga kwezhizha, apo nhungirwa ichiri kushanduka asi ichitanga kukura.
- Semi-huni cuttings: Vanochekwa mukupera kwezhizha kana kutanga kwematsutso, kana dzinde raoma zvishoma.
- Woody cuttings: Izvi zvinotorwa munguva yechando, apo mashizha akazara zvakakwana uye simiti yakamira kukura kwayo.
Pasinei nemwaka, Dzivisa kuchekwa kubva muzvirimwa zvinoratidza kusasimba, kushushikana kwemvura, kana tupukanana.Nguva dzose sarudza madzinde ane simba, ane hutano asati atumbuka, sezvo simba rawo rekuchengetedza richigoverwa zviri nani kukukura kwemidzi.
Mhando huru dzekucheka maererano nemamiriro edzinde
Muzive classification of cuttings Zvichienderana nekukura kwehunde, zvakakosha kuti uwedzere kudzika midzi uye kuenderana nehupenyu hwemhando yega yega:
- Manyoro stem cuttings (herbaceous): Zvinobva mumiti inochengetedza madzinde anoshanduka gore rose. Inokodzera begonias, coleus, uye zvimwe zvemukati kana zvegore zvirimwa. Dzinodzika midzi nekukurumidza uye dzinoda hunyoro hwakawanda.
- Softwood cuttings: Aya ndiwo madzinde ari kutanga kuoma, asi anoramba achichinjika uye akati girinhi. Iyo inoshandiswa kune lilacs, blueberries, uye hydrangeas.
- Semi-huni cuttings: Zvikamu zvakaomeswa madzinde, akanakira azaleas, hollies, uye magnolias. Midzi inogona kutora nguva yakareba asi inobereka zvirimwa zvakasimba.
- Woody cuttings: Cheka kubva kumatavi akakwana, akaoma, akarara. Inokodzera mapaini, cypresses, uye mamwe makwenzi akaoma. Maitiro avo ekudzura midzi ane hutete uye anononoka.
Rudzi rumwe norumwe rune zvarwo. riini uye sei kuchekaSemuenzaniso, kana dzinde rakakotama risingatyoki, ringangove huni nyoro. Semi-woody madzinde anokotama, ukuwo hunde dzehuni dzakaomarara chose. Gara uchitarisa kuchinjika usati waenderera.
Miti yemiti yakanakira kuparadzira nekucheka
Mazhinji mabindu akajairika uye marudzi epamba ari kupararira nyore by cuttings. Heano mamwe eanokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kana iwe uchida kutanga:
- Rose makwenzi: Vanoshandisa 20-30 cm cuttings, kazhinji semi-woody kana huni. Kune zvakare maitiro ekudyara iwo mumatato kuti uvandudze humidity (ona mufananidzo pazasi).
- Lavender: 7-8 cm kucheka, zviri nani munzvimbo inotonhorera, ine mhepo yakanaka.
- Geraniums: madzinde e15-20 cm, midzi nyore nyore kunyange zvakananga mumvura.
- Chrysanthemums uye dahlias: Mhuka mbiri idzi dzinoshivirira kupararira zvakanaka nenzira yekucheka, kunyanya yedzinde nyoro kana huni hwakapfava.
- Azaleas: zviri nani ne semi-woody cuttings, unogona kuzvibereka zvose nemhodzi uye nekucheka.
Nhanho nhanho: Maitiro ekugadzira kucheka nemazvo
Nzira yekutora nekudyara ma cuttings inogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nemhando, asi zvakakosha zvinowanzoitika. Tevedza aya nhungamiro kuti uwedzere kubudirira:
- Sarudza dzinde rine hutano uye rakasimba, zviri nani risati ratumbuka.
- Uchishandisa chigero chakapinza kana banga (raimbova sterilized), ita a kuchekwa kwakachena pazasi penodhi (nzvimbo inobuda mashizha kana nhungirwa). Izvi zvinokurudzira kukura kwemidzi.
- Bvisa mashizha kubva pasi pehafu yekucheka uye, kana zvichidiwa, cheka mashizha epamusoro zvishoma kuti uderedze kupera.
- Nyota hwaro uye shandisa rooting hormone muupfu kana gel kuti uwedzere mikana yekubudirira, kunyanya mumhando dzinokurumidza.
- Isa kucheka mune yako yakasarudzwa svikiro (ivhu, substrate, mvura, kana kunyangwe mumbatatisi kuchengetedza hydration mune yemaruva).
- Kana ukashandisa substrate, ita gomba kare netsvimbo kana penzura kuti urege kukuvadza chigadziko paunochiisa.
- Isai kucheka mukati mepakati kusvika pakadzika zvingangoita zviviri kubva muzvitatu, zvishoma kudzvanya ivhu kana substrate yakaipoteredza kubvisa homwe dzemhepo.
- Pfaya mvura zvinyoro-nyoro kuchengetedza mwando.
- Ivhara poto kana tireyi nehomwe yepurasitiki usingaite kuti ibate mashizha (unogona kushandisa matanda kana arches kuti usimudze), kugadzira diki greenhouse.
- Isa chigadziko chacho munzvimbo inodziya, ine chiedza chakajeka uye ine chiedza chisina kunanga, uchidzivirira kutarisana nezuva.
Kune makucheka anokura mumvura, shandura mvura mazuva maviri kana matatu ega ega kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya. Painokura midzi yakakora, nyatsoiisa muvhu rakaorera.
Kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza uye midzi yekucheka
ari aftercare Izvi zvakakosha mumavhiki anotevera, sezvo kucheka kuri nhungirwa isina njodzi. Chenjerera kune izvi zvakakosha pfungwa:
- High ambient humidity: Inobatsira kudzivirira kupera mvura mumuviri. Pfaya zuva nezuva uye chengetedza iyo substrate yakanyorova zvishoma, isina kumbonyoroveswa.
- Chiedza chisina kunanga: Isa chigadziko chacho panzvimbo ine chiedza chakanaka asi pasina chiedza chezuva.
- Kupisa: Edza kuchengetedza tembiricha yekamuri inodziya uye yakagadzikana, uchidzivirira dhizaini.
- Nguva nenguva ventilate greenhouses kana mabhegi epurasitiki kudzivirira yakawandisa condensation uye kukura mold.
- Dzivisa fetereza yakasimba panguva ye rooting; kudya kwakawanda kunogona kupisa midzi minyoro.
Kutarisa uye kuisa midzi yekucheka midzi
Mumavhiki mashomanana—zvichienderana nemarudzi, nguva yegore, uye rudzi rwekucheka—midzi ichatanga kukura. Kuti uone kana kucheka kwakadzika midzi zvakanaka:
- Kukwevera zvinyoro pazasi kwekucheka; kana iwe ukaona kuramba uye isingabvire nyore kubva kune substrate, chiratidzo chekuti midzi iri kuumba.
- Kune zvicherwa zvakakura mumvura, tarisa kuti uone kana vakagadzira midzi yakasimba vasati vaendesa kune ivhu.
Nguva yako yasvika kutapurirana kunzvimbo yayo yekupedzisira (hari huru kana ivhu rebindu), kuviga kusvika pamatatu ehurefu hwekucheka. Shandisai ivhu rine kudya kunovaka muviri asi dzivirirai mafetireza akazara. Kana chigadziko chakadzika midzi chichifadza uye chakakodzera, unogona kuchirega chichikura ipapo pasina kudzorerazve.
Mvura zvinyoro mushure mekudyara uye chengetedza substrate yakanyorova kwemazuva mashoma ekutanga, kutarisa kukura kwemashizha matsva sechiratidzo chekugadzirisa.
- Sarudza nzvimbo yekukura yakanyanya kufanirwa kune yega yega mhando uye usakanganwa kuuraya hutachiona maturusi nemaoko.
- Kana uine mibvunzo pamusoro pemusanganiswa we substrate, bvunza nyanzvi yekurera vana, sezvo mhando yega yega ingada huwandu hwakasiyana hwejecha, perlite, sphagnum, kana ivhu.
- Dzivisa kudonha kwemvura uye tembiricha yakanyanyisa, iyo inogona kuora zvidimbu kana kupisa zvisati zvadzika midzi.
- Zvimwe zvinomera, zvakadai se coleus kana zvimwe zvinonaka, zvinogona kutodzika midzi mumvura, kunyange zvazvo midzi yavo inowanzova isina kusimba.
- Kushivirira kunokosha. Kana kucheka kusingabudiriri, edza kuwedzera mamwe madzinde kana kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza.
La tsika inovandudza mhedzisiro uye inokudzidzisa nzira yekuziva kuti ndezvipi zvicherwa uye mamiriro ezvirimwa zvaunosarudza. Kuti uwane zvakadzama kunyura mune chaiwo matekiniki, shanyira gwara redu pa zvinomera zvinobereka nekucheka.
