Wakambozvibvunza here kuti ndeipi miti yakaresa munyika? Kuwana aya hofori dzakararama kwenguva refu dzakaona nguva, budiriro, uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakafanana nokunzvera munhoroondo yeupenyu inonakidza inopfuura bhuku ripi neripi renhau. Kuziva miti yakare haisi basa riri nyore: kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekupfimbana, dzakagadzirwa kana dzisina kuumbwa miti, uye ngano dzinofambidzana nenhaka yavo. Uyezve, zvitsva zvitsva uye tsvakurudzo inoenderera mberi inoenderera mberi nekushandura nzvimbo yemiti yekare.
Muchinyorwa ichi chakagadziridzwa uye chakawedzerwa, tinokuzivisai kumiti yekaresa papasi, tichibatanidza ruzivo rwakakwana, chokwadi chinonakidza, ruzivo rwebiology, uye ngano, kuti iwe ugone kuwana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweaya mahofori chaiwo. Iwe unozodzidza zvakare nezve kukosha kwavo kwezvakatipoteredza netsika uye nekutyisidzira kwavanosangana nako nhasi.
Old Tjikko, Sweden: Chakavanzika chekugara kwenguva refu kweclonal
Chekare tjikko Ndicho Spruce abies Iri paGomo reFulufjället muSweden, inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuonekwa semuti wekare pasi rose, tichifunga nezvekugara kwenguva refu kweiyo clonal midzi system, iyo inodarika kure mamireniyumu mapfumbamwe. Uhu hurefu hunokatyamadza hunobva pamuti unoramba uchirarama chizvarwa nechizvarwa kuburikidza neakasikwa cloning process.
Rutivi runooneka—hunde yayo namapazu—iduku zvikuru, mazana mashomanene bedzi ezera, sezvo mhepo, aizi, uye migariro yakanyanyisa inoparadza rutivi rwuri pamusoro pevhu, asi mudzi wacho unopukunyuka ndokuberekazve muti wacho pamusoro pevhu. Nekudaro, yayo kabhoni-14 kufambidzana inoita kuti ive yechokwadi mhenyu fossil.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti midzi yayo chete ine hupenyu hurefu hwakadaro. Izvi zvakamutsa gakava pakati pevanoongorora zvirimwa pamusoro pekuti unokosha semuti wekare here, sezvo chimiro chawo chekunze chichivandudzwa nguva nenguva, asi genome nemidzi yawo zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi. Kukwanisa kwayo kuberekwa patsva ndiyo kiyi yekupona kwayo.
Sekuru Sekuru (Millenary Larch), Chile: Giant of the South
Musango rinonaya mvura zhinji re Alerce Costero National Park, muChile, mamire Sekuru Mukuru, inozivikanwawo se Millenary Larch kana kungoti "Lahuán" kuvanhu veMapuche. Izvi Fitzroya cupressoides ihofori ye makwati akaoma, mashizha akasvibira uye matavi akakora iyo inosvika pamamita makumi matanhatu pakureba uye 60 metres muhunde dhayamita, ichizvibatanidza sechiratidzo chechokwadi chekusimba kwezvakatipoteredza.
Inofungidzirwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda se muti wekare kwazvo usiri clonal munyikaTsvagiridzo ichangoburwa uchishandisa dendrochronology uye computational modeling inoratidza kuti nhoroondo yayo inodarika zviuru zvishanu zvemakore. Izvi zvinoreva kuti yakapona munguva dzechando, kugadzirwa kwevhiri, uye kuumbwa kweSahara.
Iyo Millenary Larch Inotarisana netyisidziro dzemazuva ano dzakadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kushanya kwevanhu vakawanda, izvo zvinoisa pangozi hurongwa hwayo husina kusimba. Uyezve, kutema matanda kwakarambidzwa muChile pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi2,5 nekuda kwekunyanya kushandiswa kwemarudzi. Kushanyira paki kunoda rwendo rwune mwero rwemakiromita angangosvika XNUMX mukati meNational Park, nekuwana kushoma uye kwakadzorwa kuti uderedze kukanganisa.
Methuselah, California: Sentinel yeMillennia
Inowanikwa mu White Mountains yeCalifornia, mupaini webristlecone Metusera (Pine longaeva) yakagara iri chisikwa chekare chisiri checlonal chinozivikanwa nesainzi. Kureba kwayo kunopfuura zviuru zvina nehafu zvemireniyamu, uye zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuvapo kwezvienzaniso zvechikuru mumasango ayo.
Nzvimbo chaiyo yeMetusera inochengetwa yakavanzika kuti idzivirire pakuparadza uye kuwandisa, sezvo mimwe miti yekare, yakadai sePrometheus, yakatemwa zvisingagadziriswi munguva yakapfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinokwanisika kufamba muMethusela Trail uye fungidzira kuti muti wakakurumbira ungave upi.
Kiyi yekupona kwepine iyi iri muhuni hwayo hwakaomesesa, hune resinous, hunoshingirira tumbuyu, fungi, uye zvirwere, pamwe nekuderera kwakanyanya kukura nekuda kwevhu rayo rakashata uye nemamiriro ekunze akaomarara. Uyezve, bark rayo mhenyu rinongotora zvindori zvidiki zvakatenderedza hunde, zvichiita kuti muti urarame kunyangwe chikamu chakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya.
Sarv-e Abarqu, Iran: Chikumbaridzo cheAsia Antiquity
El Sarv-e Abarqu Abarkuh Cypress inomira mudunhu reYazd, Iran, seimwe yezvisikwa zvipenyu zvekare muAsia uye pasirese. coppery Iyo inomira pachena kwete chete nehukuru hwayo, asiwo kukosha kwayo kwetsika: inoonekwa sechiyeuchidzo chenyika yeIran uye chikamu chekuzivikanwa kwenyika uye nhoroondo.
Nezera rinofungidzirwa remireniyamu akati wandei, Yakapukunyuka hondo, kuchinja kwedzinza uye kunyange maguta ekutanga evanhu. Hunde yaro yakasimba uye mashizha anogara akasvibira anomiririra kusimba kwechirimwa kumamiriro ekunze akaoma enzvimbo yeIran isina mvura yakawanda.
Kune ngano dzinoibatanidza neZoroaster uye kusvika kwemarudzi akasiyana siyana mudunhu, achisimudza hunhu hwayo hunoyera. Mukurumbira uyu wakakonzera kuchengetedzwa kwayo, uye ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzevashanyi uye zvekunamata munzvimbo iyi.
Llangernyw Yew, Wales: Muti weCeltic Ngano
MuNorth Wales, mune diki chechiyadhi yeChechi yeSt. Dygain, ndimo mune Llangernyw yew (Taxus baccata), muti wakagara makore anopfuura zviuru zvina uye uchiri kukura nhasi. Yakatemerwa imwe ye50 Great British Miti, ine mukurumbira zvese nehukuru hwayo uye nekuda kwesimba rengano dzakaitenderedza.
Hunde yaro yakatsemuka uye denderedzwa inopfuura 10 metres inotaura nezvehurefu hwayo uye kusimba. Munhau yose, vagari vomunharaunda yacho vaidavira kuti muti wacho wakatukwa uye kumusha kune mumwe mudzimu Angelystor, uyo, pausiku hweHalloween, anofanotaura kufa kwevanhu vomutaundi gore rinotevera. Ngano iyi, iri kure nekuisiya yakakanganikwa, inosimudzira kusaziva kwayo uye kudzivirira kwayo sepfuma yebhotani netsika yeEurope.
Cypresses yePatagonia, Argentina neChile: Nharaunda yemadzitateguru akasvibira
El Austrocedrus chilensis, inozivikanwa sePatagonian cypress, inogoverwa pakati peArgentina neChile uye ndeimwe yemiti mikuru yakagara kwenguva refu yeSouth America. Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakaona zvienzaniso zvinodarika zviuru zvishanu zvemakore, zvichisvika kurekodha yehupenyu hurefu uye kukwikwidza Metusera muti.
Su chimiro chakasimba uye kukwanisa kwavo kurarama munzvimbo dzinotonhora, dzine hunyoro uye ivhu risina kunaka zvakabvumira kuti mienzaniso iyi isvike kuzera rakanyanyisa. Aya masango ePatagonian akashandiswa zvakanyanya munguva yakapfuura, asi kuziviswa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa uye kucherechedzwa kwekukosha kwadzo kwakasimudzira kuchengetedza kwavo nhasi.
Jōmon Sugi, Japan: The Millennial Guardian yeYakushima
Pachitsuwa cheYakushima, Japan, pane nzvimbo Jomon Sugi, mukurusa wechitsuwa chinonzi cryptomeria. Kunyange zvazvo kufambidzana kwacho kuri nyaya yenharo, nedzimwe nyanzvi kuchiisa pakati pezviuru zviviri nezviuru zvinomwe zvemakore, kunofungidzirwa kuti kwatova nemakore anopfuura zviuru zviviri. Inoremekedzwa sechiratidzo chechimiro cheJapan uye UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Sango rinorichengeta rakakurumbira nokuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwaro kwezvipenyu uye munyoro unogara uripo, izvo zvinoita kuti rirarame kwenguva refu. Masayendisiti echiJapan anoutora muenzaniso wekusimba uye kushivirira kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza., zvichiita kuti ive kwete chete botanical icon, asiwo mumweya uye tsika.
Patriarca da Floresta, Brazil: Iyo yekare isina-conifer muAmerica
MuBrazilian Atlantic rainforest inogara iyo Patriarch weSango, UN Cariniana legalis iyo, ine anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore ekuvapo, ndiyo yakareba-yakararama isina-conifer muBrazil. Zera rayo, raro kusimudzira saizi uye zvinotendwa pamusoro pehutsvene hwaro zvinoriita chiratidzo chezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveAmazon.
Pari zvino, mhuka idzi dziri kutyisidzirwa zvikuru nokutemwa kwemasango nokutema miti kusiri pamutemo, kunyanya muBrazil, Colombia, uye Venezuela. Kuchengetedza muti uyu kwakakosha pakuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye kurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, sezvo miti yekare inochengeta yakawanda kabhoni uye inochengetedza yakasarudzika ecosystem.
Iyo Senator, Florida: Nyaya Yekupona uye Dambudziko
El senator Wakanga uri muti womusipiresi unemhanza uri muFlorida, United States, wainzi ndiwo mukuru uye wekare pamarudzi awo, une makore anofungidzirwa kuti anopfuura zviuru zvitatu. Inoshandiswa semucherechedzo nevanhu veMarudzi nevagari vemo, yakapukunyuka madutu uye nemhando dzese dzematambudziko enhoroondo, asi moto wetsaona makore gumi apfuura wakaparadza huwandu hwayo hwakasimba.
Kuyeuka kwavo, zvisinei, kunotsungirira semuenzaniso wekusasimba kwezviyeuchidzo zvipenyu uye pesvedzero yomunhu pakupona kwemiti yakagara kwenguva refu.
Mazana Horse Chestnut, Sicily: Pakati pengano uye rekodhi
Pamateru egomo rinoputika reEtna, muSicily, pamire Mazana Horse Chestnut, ine mukurumbira wokuva nedenderedzwa gurusa remuti upi noupi pasi rose (anoda kusvika mamita 190 maererano neGuinness World Records). Kureba kwayo kune ngano, uye inofungidzirwa kugara pakati pemakore maviri kusvika mana.
Zita rayo rinobva mungano yekuti, panguva yekutinhira, zana zana akawana pekugara pasi pematavi awo. Pamusoro pekuvapo kwayo kunoshamisa, inozivikanwa nekupona mune imwe yenzvimbo dzinoputika zvakanyanya muEurope, ichiratidza kusimba kwakakura mukutarisana nenhamo.
Muorivhi weVouves, Krete: Muti wemiorivhi yekusingaperi
Pachitsuwa cheGreece cheKrete inokura imwe yemiti yemiorivhi yekare uye ichiri kubereka panyika, iyo muorivhi weVouvesMidzi yaro inodzokera shure kwezviuru zvemakore, uye kunyangwe zera rayo chairo risingagoni kunyatsotsanangurwa, zvidzidzo zvinoisa hupenyu hwayo pakati pemakore zviuru zviviri nezvina.
Pasinei nekufamba kwenguva, muti uyu unoramba uchibereka maorivhi, chiratidzo chekubereka kweMediterranean. Kuramba kwayo kusanaya kwemvura, mwoto, uye hosha kwakatungamirira kukuchengetedzwa kwayo, uye yakatonzi ishongedzero yomusikirwo yakachengetedzwa. Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemiti iyi mune yedu chikamu chemiti yeChinese.
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, Sri Lanka: Muti mutsvene weBuddhism
El Jaya Sri Maha BodhiIri muAnuradhapura, Sri Lanka, iyi inyaya yakasarudzika, sezvo iri muti wekare wakanyorwa wakadyarwa nemaune nevanhu. Iro nhungirwa kubva pamuti umo Buddha akawana kujekerwa. Kureba kwayo kunodarika zviuru zviviri zvemakore.
Kune vatendi vechiBuddha, chiratidzo chinoera, chinoshanyirwa nemamiriyoni evafambi gore negore. Kusiyana nemimwe miti yakareba kwenguva refu, nhoroondo yaro yakanyatsobatana nekunamata uye tsika dzevanhu.
Chiuru chemakore eCanary Island misidhari: Patriarch weTeide
MuTeide National Park, muTenerife, ndiyo misidhari yekare inozivikanwa sePatriarca (Juniperus cedrus)Nokugara kwenguva refu kunopfuura mireniyumu, ndiwo muti wekaresa muSpain uye, maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, mukondinendi yose yeEurope. Iwowo muenzaniso wekupona kwakanyanya: inokura pakati pematombo anoputika, munzvimbo yakaoma uye ine mhepo.
Pasinei nezera rake, "Patriarch" uyu anoramba akakosha pakuchengetedza nzvimbo yeCanary Islands 'inoputika uye inoonekwa sehupfumi hwehupenyu hwedunhu.
Mimwe miti yekare uye inoremekedzwa inotaurwa
- Nzira yeMillenary Olive Miti muCanet lo Roig (Castello, Spain): Mienzaniso inocherechedzwa inosanganisira "Muti Wemuorivhi-Mane-Makumbo," uyo wakahwina mubairo wemuti wemuorivhi wepamusoro uye wakaiswa nyeredzi mufirimu, uye hupenyu hwakareba hunodarika mireniyamu.
- Sunland Baobab, South Africa: Muti wakakura we baobab unozivikanwa nekugara bhawa uye imba yekutamba, ine mukurumbira nehukuru hwayo uye zera rekare, kunyangwe chikamu chechimiro chayo chakadonha mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwezvinokonzeresa.
- Mukuru Sherman, California: Hofori sequoia, inoonekwa semuti mukuru kwazvo pasi rose uye nehupenyu hurefu hunoshamisa, kunyangwe ipfupi pane dzimwe nhengo dzechinyorwa ichi.
- Muti wekare weyew kubva kuJaén, Spain: Muenzaniso weTaxus baccata inoumba chikamu chenzira yechisikigo kuburikidza neSierra de Cazorla, inozivikanwa nehukuru hwayo husina kujairika uye kuramba kune yakanyanyisa mamiriro.
Sei miti yakagara kwenguva refu ichitsungirira?
Chikonzero chikuru chekugara kwenguva refu kwemiti iyi inowanikwa mune yavo kujairana nemamiriro akanyanya: ivhu risina kunaka, mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kusakurira zvirwere netumbuyu. Vazhinji vavo vakagadzira yakasarudzika masisitimu ekuzvarwa patsva, senge midzi cloning muchiitiko che , kana vakadzidza kurarama kunyangwe nechikamu chidiki chebark yavo yasara, sezvinoita bristlecone pines.
Uyezve, miti yekare inochengeta ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza uye zvemamiriro ekunze mumarin'i ayo ekukura, zvichibvumira masayendisiti kugadzirisa nhoroondo yezvakatipoteredza.
Ecological, nhoroondo uye tsika kukosha kwemiti yekare
Iyi miti yekare haisi yega uchapupu hupenyu hwekare, asi ivo vanomiririrawo kuenzana uye hutano hweecosystems mavanowanikwa. Ivo vanoita mabasa akakosha senge kabhoni kuchengetedza, biodiversity utiziro, erosion kuchengetedza, uye microclimate regulation.
Uyezve, ivo vari zviratidzo zvetsika nezvemweya kumarudzi akawanda. Vakafuridzira ngano, ngano dzechitendero, uye magamuchidzanwa, uye dziviriro yavo inhau yenhaka yenyika yose.
Kutyisidzira uye matambudziko kumiti yekare kwazvo pasi rose
Pari zvino, iyi miti yakatarisana netyisidziro dzisati dzamboitika: kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze (nokusanaya kwemvura, mwoto, uye tembiricha yakanyanyisa), kushanya kusingadzorwi, kutema miti kusiri pamutemo, uye kupararira kwezvipembenene nehosha. Mizhinji yemiti iyi iri munjodzi, zvichiita kuti zviremera zviwedzere matanho ekuchengetedza, akadai sekudzora kupinda, kuazivisa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, uye kusimudzira dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza.
