Kuvandudza ivhu revhu zvakakosha kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva mubindu rako remichero kana gadheni. Ivhu rine huwandu hwepamusoro hwe ivhu Vanopa zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana uye zvakanakira: ivo vakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri uye vanochengeta mvura zvakanaka, asi vanowanzoita compact, inokanganisa dhiraivha uye aeration, uye inogona kutadzisa kukura kwemarudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa. Kunyatsonzwisisa maitiro eivhu iri uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwakakodzera kunoita kuti tishandure matambudziko aya kuita mikana uye kusimudzira zvirimwa zvine hutano uye zvinobereka zvibereko.
Chii chinonzi ivhu revhu uye ndeapi maitiro ayo?
Un pasi revhu ndeimwe ine chikamu chikuru i ivhu, kudarika uwandu hwesilt nejecha. Ivhu rerudzi urwu rinoonekwa zviri nyore nekunamira kwaro, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki kana nyoro, uye rakaomarara kana kutsemuka kana raoma. Iyo ine zvakare inoshamisa kugona kuchengetedza mvura uye zvinovaka muviri, izvo zvinogona kubatsira, kunyangwe zvayo dense structure uye ma micropores ayo anoita kuti mvura uye oxygenation yemidzi iome.
Pakati pezvimwe zvevhu revhu ndezvi:
- Yakakwirira kuchengetedza mvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera madhiri.
- Kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kuwedzera njodzi yemidzi asphyxia uye kukura kwezvirwere zvefungal.
- Kubereka kwakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwekudya.
- Zvakaoma kushanda nazvo: kana yakanyorova inonamatira kune zvishandiso, uye kana yakaoma inova yakaoma uye inoita mapundu.
- Vanogona kunge vaine a tsvuku kana yakadzika ruvara rwebrown, kufambisa kuonekwa kwavo kwemaziso.
- Mapuddles epamusoro anoumba mushure memvura kana kudiridza zvakanyanya, nepo munguva yakaoma kazhinji anotsemuka.
El manejimendi chinangwa zvinofanira kugara zvakadaro dzivisa puddles, chengetedza mvura inobudirira uye kuvaka chimiro chinosimudzira yakadzika, ine hutano kukura kwemidzi.
Nzira yekukurumidza kuziva ivhu revhu?
Kuziva kana uine ivhu revhu zviri nyore neashoma maedzo uye nekutarisa:
- Unhu ruvara: ivo vanowanzo dzvuku, brown kana orenji nekuda kwehuwandu hwesimbi.
- Texture: Paunonyorovesa ivhu uye worishandisa pakati peminwe yako, inoumba bhora rinoumbika kana ribhoni kana rapwanyika.
- Maitiro kumvura: mushure mekudiridza kana kunaya, ivo vanocherechedzwa madhiri anopfuurira uye, munguva yakaoma, akataura mitswe pamusoro.
- Kana yaoma, inosvibisa maoko ako nemavara ayo uye hainyanyi kunyungudika.
Sarudzo yakavimbika kwazvo, kunyanya pavhu rakatsaurirwa kugadzirwa kwekurima, kuita kuongororwa kwevhu kwenyanzvi kuziva chaizvo chikamu chevhu, silt uye jecha, pamwe neiyo organic matter yemukati uye pH. Iyi data inobvumira ronga zviito zvekuvandudza zvakagadzirirwa uye sarudza zvirimwa zvakafanira.
Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwevhu revhu
Ivhu revhu rinogona kuve rakakosha mubatsiri, asi dzinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira zvinowanzoitika:
- Kubatsirwa:
- Yakasimudzwa cation exchange capacity, iyo inoreva kubereka kwakanyanya uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya zvinokosha.
- Vanochengetedza hunyoro kwenguva yakareba, iyo inogona kubatsira mumamiriro ekunze akaoma.
- Zvine kushingirira kukukurwa pamberi pejecha.
- payakaipira:
- Puddles uye kushayikwa kwemvura, izvo zvinotungamirira kumatambudziko emvura uye zvirwere.
- Kubatana uye kuderera kwemhepo, kutadzisa kukura kwemidzi yakadzika.
- Kubata kusina kunaka: Kana yanyorova inonamira, uye kana yaoma, inooma sedombo.
- Basa rakawanda rinodiwa kuigadzira usati wadyara kana kudyara.
Ndedzipi mbesa dzakanyatsokodzera ivhu revhu?
Sarudzo ye zvirimwa zvakakodzera Izvo zvakakosha kuti utore mukana wehunhu hwevhu revhu uchidzikisa zvipingamupinyi zvaro. Pakati pe mhando dzinokura zvakanaka taura:
- Midzi miriwo: zvakadai semakaroti, beet uye radishes, kunyange zvazvo vachida basa rekare kuti vasunungure ivhu.
- BrassicaceaeBroccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale neturnips zvinoshandisa zvakanaka kudya kuri muvhu iri.
- Miti yemichero: Apple, pear, quince, cherry, hazel, bay, currant, custard apple uye kiwi miti inogadzirisa zvakanaka kana mvura uye kusungirirwa kunodzorwa.
- Sunflowers: Vanokura muvhu revhu nekuda kwekusimba kwavo uye kugona kutsvaga mvura mukati memukati.
- Uswa uye rustic groundcovers: Mbeu zhinji nehuswa hunogona kubatsira mukuvandudzwa kwechimiro chenguva refu.
Zvisinei, Chinenge chirimwa chipi nechipi chinogona kukura muvhu revhu Kana kugadzirira kwevhu kwakananga kuchiitwa kuvandudza chimiro chayo uye mvura. Zvirimwa zvakaita semiti yemuorivhi, miti yemuarumondi, kana mimwe miriwo inodiwa inogona kupa zvibereko zvakanyanya mushure mekuvandudzwa kwemamiriro evhu.
Maitiro ekuvandudza chimiro uye kubereka kwevhu revhu
Kiyi yekushandura ivhu revhu kuita yakaorera uye inoshanda substrate irimo shandisa nzira dzakawanda dzinoenderana kuitira kuvandudzwa. Izvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangurwa nzira dzinoshanda dzakatsigirwa neruzivo rwehunyanzvi:
- Kuenderera mberi kwekupa organic matter
- El manyowa, manyowa, manyowa akaora zvakanaka uye mulch zvinobatsira ku wedzera ivhu zvidimbu kugadzira zvikwata zvakagadzikana.
- Inovandudza fluffiness, aeration uye mvura inopinza simba, kufambisa kukura kwemidzi.
- Activate iyo microbial hupenyu, iyo inozoora zviri nani organic matter uye inoburitsa zvinovaka muviri.
- Kuvandudza mavara nemamineral uye organic amendment
- La jecha rakashambwa Yakasanganiswa muzvikamu zvakakodzera nevhu revhu, inowedzera porosity uye inoderedza kusungirirwa pasina kukanganisa kubereka kana yakasanganiswa nevhu.
- Kushandiswa kwe purasita yekurima Inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa chimiro uye kuderedza plastiki yevhu, kunyange zvazvo inofanira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera mushure mekuongorora pH uye zvido zvevhu.
- Kurima kwakarongwa nemazvo nekudzikisa pasi
- Dzivisa kushanda ivhu kana ranyorova zvakanyanya kudzivirira kugwamba kana kuumbwa kwemavhinga.
- Ivhu rakadzika, rakaoma, rakachinjika rinopwanya tuma layers uye rinonatsiridza kupinza kwemvura neokisijeni.
- Manual aeration inogona kubatsira mumapindu madiki kana magadheni emadhorobha.
- Kuiswa kwemichina yemvura
- Munzvimbo dzine matambudziko makuru emvura, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa pamusoro pemvura migero uye, kana zvichidikanwa, madhiraini epasi pevhu kuti abvise mvura yakawandisa.
- Kusikwa kwe mitsetse yakasimudzwa Inosimudzira kuyerera kwepamusoro uye inodzivirira midzi yezvirimwa kubva mukudonha kwemvura.
- Kuitwa kwematenga egirinhi
- Kudyara zvivharo zvemhando, zvakadai se mhunga kana rustic uswa, inokurudzira kuparara kwechisikigo nekuita kwemidzi uye inodzivirira kuputika.
- Pamusoro pezvo, dzinotora mvura yakawandisa munguva yekunaya kwemvura.
- Rational irrigation management
- Dzivisa kudiridza zvakanyanya uye kakawanda; zviri nani kuisa kunze kwekudiridza uye kupa mvura muhuwandu hudiki, kuchinjira kune munda kugona yevhu revhu.
- Iko kushandiswa kwe kudonha kudiridza Zvinonyanya kukurudzirwa kuti zvipe zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinobudirira.
- Chengetedza ivhu rakavharwa
- Kushandiswa kwe organic mulches (mashanga, mashizha, makwati, masara ekucheka) inodzivirira chimiro, inoderedza kubuda kwemhepo uye inodzivirira kuumbwa kwepasi crusts.
Matanho anoshanda ekushandura ivhu revhu kuita ivhu rakaorera
Kuisa maitiro anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa kuita, aya matanho anoshanda achakubatsira iwe zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuvandudza ivhu rako revhu:
- Ziva rudzi rwevhu: Tarisa magadzirirwo, ruvara, maitiro nemvura uye ita bvunzo dzakareruka kana ongororo yakakwana kuona chikamu chevhu.
- Fluff ivhu: Pindura kana kupinza mhepo ivhu rakaoma, uchishandisa badza, forogo, tiller kana subsoiler, zvichienderana nenzvimbo.
- Wedzera zvigadziriso uye organic matter: : Sanganisa mucompost, humus kana mupfudze wakanyatsorapwa, uye, kana zvichidiwa, jecha rakaoma.
- Dzokorora mabasa acho gore negore kuchengetedza ivhu rakarongeka uye rakaorera.
- Ronga zvirimwa kusarudza mhando dzakachinjirwa kune ivhu revhu uye kuchinjana nemhando dzinovandudza chimiro, senge legumes.
- Shandisa zvivharo zvezvirimwa uye mulch kuchengetedza pamusoro uye kukurudzira biological chiitiko.
- Wedzera kudiridza kudzivirira mafashama uye kushandisa masisitimu anoshanda.
- Monitor uye gadzirisa maitiro zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yaonekwa uye zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvako.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika paunenge uchiedza kuvandudza ivhu revhu
- Kuwedzera jecha rakapfava rakawandisa pasina kurisanganisa neorganic zvinhu zvinogona kugadzira simende-yakafanana mameseji uye kuwedzera kuipa.
- Kubata ivhu kana ranyanya kunyorova, zvichikonzera kutsindirana uye kusarima zvakanaka.
- Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemadiridziro emvura, kuwedzera matambudziko emvura uye kuora kwemidzi.
- Kuregeredza mipiro yegore negore yezvinhu zvakasiana, kurasikirwa nezvakawanwa mukuvandudzwa kwezvimiro.
Mamwe mazano uye ma supplements ekuvandudza ivhu rako revhu
- Tenderedza zvirimwa uye dzimwe nguva uchisiya ivhu kuti rizorore nevhavha yechirimwa.
- Shandisa shredded chirimwa tsvina uye dzivisa kuipisa; izvi zvinowedzera organic matter uye zvinovandudza chimiro chevhu nekufamba kwenguva.
- Mumagadheni ekushongedza, isa pamberi pemarudzi ekuzvarwa uye erustic anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye mhando yevhu.
- Tarisa pH nguva nenguva uye gadzirisa kana zvichidikanwa nekuwedzera alkaline amendments (agricultural lime) kana acidic correctors zvichienderana nechirimwa.
- Iva nemoyo murefu: Shanduko dzakakosha dzezvimiro zvingada mwaka yakati wandei yekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza.
Muchikamu chino iwe wakaona kuti sei Ivhu revhu, pasinei nematambudziko aro, rinogona kuva shamwari dzechokwadi dzekurima nekurima.Nekushandisa hunyanzvi hwakadai sekuwedzera organic matter, kuoma kwevhu, kugadzira mavharo evhu, nekusarudza mbesa dzakakodzera, unovandudza chimiro chevhu, kuwedzera hupenyu hwevhu, uye kuwana goho rine hutano uye rakawanda. Kupindira kwega kwega kunofanirwa kuenderana nehunhu hwenzvimbo yako, uye kunyatsotarisisa uye manejimendi ndiwo makiyi ekubudirira mukuvandudza ivhu revhu.
