Kudzora kwe pH mukurima mbanje Yakazvimisikidza sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kuti uwane kukura kune hutano uye kugadzirwa kwakakwana. Kunyangwe varimi vazhinji vevatsva vanonyanya kutarisisa pH yemvura uye substrate, chokwadi ndechekuti kushaikwa kwekutonga munzvimbo ino kunogona kukurumidza kushandura mukushaikwa kwakanyanya kwekudya, kuvharika kwekudya, uye kushushikana kwezvirimwa. Kunzwisisa uye kugona pH ndiyo hwaro hwekutonga kwakanaka kwezvimwe zvinosiyana, senge kudiridza, chikafu, uye nharaunda pachayo.
Nei pH yakakosha pakukura mbanje?
El pH Icho chiyero che acidity kana alkalinity yechinhu, uye kana iri nyaya yekurima mbanje, inoronga kuti chirimwa chinogona kutora sei chikafu chinowanikwa mumvura kana substrate. Chiyero chepH chinotangira pa0 kusvika pa14, ne7 chisina kwayakarerekera; tsika dziri pazasi 7 dzine acidic, uye dziri pamusoro dzine alkaline. Iyo yakakwana mhando yembanje inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe substrate uye nhanho yekukura kwechirimwa, asi kazhinji iri pakati. 5.5 uye 7.0Kunze kweiyi miganho, zvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvinovharika, zvichidzivirira kufananidzwa kwavo uye zvichikonzera zviratidzo senge chlorosis, makwapa, kukura kwakamira, kuremara kana mashizha akatsvuka, uye kusasimba kwechirimwa chose.
Muvhu, zvinhu zvakadai semamineral accumulation, rudzi rwefetereza inoshandiswa, uye zvakasara mu substrate zvinogona kuchinja zvakanyanya pH, saka kugara uchitarisa kwakakosha. Kana iyo pH isina kukwana, kuvaka munyu kunogona kuitika, zvichitadzisa kutorwa kwemicro uye macronutrients uye kuwedzera midzi yehuturu. Kudzora pH ndiyo nhanho yekutanga kudzivirira marudzi aya ematambudziko uye kufambisa hupenyu hwechirimwa mukati mehupenyu hwayo hwese.
Chii chinonzi pH uye chinopesvedzera sei kutorwa kwemuviri?
Kubva pakuona kwemakemikari, pH inoyera kuunganidzwa kwemahara hydrogen ions mune mhinduro. Mukuita, inoratidza kuti chirimwa chinogona nyore sei kubvisa nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha pakukura kwayo kwezvinomera uye maruva. Chikafu chega chega chine pH renji umo chinobatika., saka kunyangwe mafetireza aripo mumvura, kana pH isina kunaka, chirimwa hachikwanise kuatora zvakanaka. Nechikonzero ichi, kucherechedza kushomeka kunyangwe fetireza yakakodzera kazhinji ndiyo imwe yezviratidzo zvekutanga zvekusaenzana kwepH.
Muenzaniso wekare ndeye iron chlorosis, uko kushomeka kwesimbi nekuda kwekusakwana pH kunoita kuti mashizha aveyero, achisiya chete tsinga dzakasvibira. Kugadzirisa pH inokurumidza kugadzirisa rudzi urwu rwechiratidzo, kudzorera simba remiti uye ruvara rwemavara.
Yakakurudzirwa pH kukosha kwembanje zvinoenderana nekukura kwepakati
- Ivhu kana ivhu substrate: Iyo yakakwana pH inowanzova pakati 6.0 uye 7.0Munguva yekukura, zvinokurudzirwa kuichengeta pedyo ne6.2-6.5, asi panguva yemaruva inokurudzirwa kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika 6.8-7.0.
- Kukura mucoco kana inert media: Iwo akanyanya kukosha anodonha zvishoma, achidonha pakati 5.5 uye 6.2Kokonati ine kushaya simba kwekudzivirira pane ivhu, saka kushanduka kwepH kunogona kutaurwa zvakanyanya uye kunoda kutonga kukuru.
- Hydroponics uye aeroponics: Iyo yakakurudzirwa pH inotenderera pakati 5.5 uye 6.2Mumavhiki ekutanga ekuvandudza, 5.8-5.9 inokurudzirwa; mune pre-maruva, 6.0-6.2; uye mukupera kwemaruva, 6.2-6.3.
Muzviitiko zvese, iyo pH inofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana nedanho uye nhanho yekusimbisa muviri inoshuviwa kuwedzera muchikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Nzira yekuyera sei pH mukurima mbanje?
Kune akasiyana maturusi ekuyera pH, kubva kune ekutanga bvunzo mitsetse kusvika kune yakaomesesa digitaalinen metres. Sarudzo ichaenderana nekururama kunodiwa, bhajeti, uye huwandu hwezvirimwa zvakakura.
1. Digital pH mamita
El digital pH mita Iyo ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakavimbika nzira yekunyatsoona pH yemvura kana substrate. Izvo zvinoshandiswa nekuisa probe zvakananga mumusanganiswa wemvura kana ivhu-mvura, kuwana kuverenga kwakarurama mumasekonzi. Iwo emhando yepamusoro anoyerawo electroconductivity (EC), yakazara yakanyungudika solids (TDS), uye tembiricha, zvichibvumira kuongororwa kwakazara kwekudya kwezvirimwa.
- Kubatsira: Yakarurama kwazvo, inokurumidza, uye iri nyore kuverenga. Yakanakira varimi vepamusoro kana zvirimwa zvakakura. Mamwe mamodheru anobvumira kutsiva probe uye otomatiki calibration.
- Kukanganisa: Vanoda periodic calibration (masvondo maviri-2 ega ega, sezvakakurudzirwa nemugadziri). Iyo probe inofanirwa kuchengetwa yakanyorova uye yakachena kuti isaverengera zvisizvo.
Midziyo iyi inoyerwa uchishandisa pH 4, 7, uye, mune dzimwe nguva, pH 10 buffer mhinduro, kuve nechokwadi kuverenga kwakavimbika mukati mese. Mushure mekushandisa kwega kwega, ipfungwa yakanaka kuchenesa probe uye kuchengeta electrode mune yakakosha mhinduro yekuwedzera hupenyu hwayo.
2. Manual pH mamita: test strips uye drop kits
ari reactive drop kits and the test strips Iwo ndiwo akanyanya hupfumi sarudzo yekuyera pH. Iyo nzira inosanganisira kuwedzera madonhwe mashoma e reagent kana kunyudza tambo mumvura kuti iongororwe. Rudzi rwunozobuda runofananidzwa nechati yeruvara kuona inenge pH.
- Kubatsira: Mutengo wakaderera, nyore uye hapana calibration kana kugadzirisa kunodiwa.
- Kukanganisa: Yakaderedzwa kururama. Kuverenga kunogona kunge kusingavimbiki kana mafetireza kana kusvibiswa kuripo mumvura inokanganisa ruvara.
Iyi nzira inokurudzirwa se backup kana yekukura kwemba diki. Kune yakakura kana nyanzvi inokura, zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kushandisa calibrated digitaalinen mita.
3. Inoenderera pH mamita uye vatariri vezvenyanzvi
Zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirirwa zvirimwa zvehydroponic, kuiswa kwakakura kana kune avo vanoda a yakazara uye inogara pH kutonga mumatangi ekudiridza. Vane probe inoramba yakanyura mumushonga wezvinovaka muviri, kutumira kuverenga kune kuratidzwa kwedhijitari munguva chaiyo. Mamwe anosanganisira maaramu masisitimu uye, mune akanyanya kuomarara modhi, dosing pombi inongozvigadzirisa iyo pH, ichipa iyo inodiwa kugadzirisa.
- Kubatsira: Ivo vanobvumira 24/7 yekutarisa, yakanyanya kurongeka, uye nekukasira kupindura kune kuchinja. Yakanakira mavhoriyamu makuru, anodzivirira kukanganisa kwevanhu uye kuchengetedza nguva.
- Kukanganisa: Mutengo wakakwira uye unoda kushoma kugadzirisa uye periodic calibration yemaprobes.
Nzira yekuyera sei pH ye substrate?
Dzora pH Hazvirevi chete kuyera mvura yekudiridza, asiwo iyo substrate pachayo, kunyanya muvhu, coco coir, kana peat musanganiswa. Izvi zvinotevera zvinogona kushandiswa kune chinangwa ichi:
- Digital substrate mita: Mudziyo chaiwo unopinzwa muvhu uye unopa kuverenga kwakananga.
- Nzira 1:1: Sanganisa imwe chikamu che substrate nechikamu chimwe chemvura yakasvibiswa, simbisa kusvika yatsetseka, rega kumira kwemaminitsi mashoma, sefa uye ongorora pH yemvura yakabviswa.
Iyo pH ye substrate inogona kukanganiswa nekuunganidzwa kwefetereza, marara, kuora kweiyo organic matter, uye mvura yekudiridza pachayo kana isina kunyatsogadziriswa. Zvakakosha kuti uzviyere nguva nenguva kudzivirira kushamisika uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ehupfu kana kuvharika kwezvikafu nenguva.
Nzira yekudzora uye kugadzirisa pH yemvura uye substrate?
Kuti kunyura kunoshanda kunovaka muviri, kana iyo pH yakayerwa iri kunze kweiyo yakakurudzirwa chiyero, inozoda kugadziriswa uchishandisa zvigadzirwa kana zvigadziriso zvechisikigo. Iyo yekugadzirisa maitiro inosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu:
1. Deredza pH (mvura yakanyanyisa alkaline)
- Chemical zvigadzirwa: Phosphoric acid (inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye yakachengeteka kumaruva), nitric acid (inokurudzirwa kukura), uye kusvika pamwero muduku citric acid (ye organic mavambo, asi ine simba shoma).
- Natural solutions: Lemon juice (citric acid), white vhiniga (acetic acid). Izvi zvinobatsira pamavhoriyamu madiki, asi zvinoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva.
- Kuyera uye kuwedzera: Wedzera corrector zvishoma nezvishoma, uchikurudzira uye kuyera mushure mekuwedzera kwega kwega kusvikira wawana kukosha kwaunoda. Rega igare kwemaminitsi mashanu uye tarisa zvakare usati wadiridza.
2. Wedzera pH (mvura yakanyanyisa acidic)
- Chemical zvigadzirwa: Potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, kana sodium carbonate. Kune zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvinozivikanwa se "pH Up" zvakagadzirirwa chinangwa ichi.
- Natural solutions: Wedzera zvishoma zvesoda yakanyungudutswa mumvura woyera zvakare mushure memaminitsi makumi matatu.
- Chenje: Dzivisa kururamisa zvakanyanya, uye kana ukadaro, gadzirira musanganiswa mutsva. Usasanganise asidhi uye alkaline zvigadziriso pasina kudonhedza dura.
3. Gadzirisa pH ye substrate
Kana iyo substrate yakanyanya acidic kana alkaline, iyo pH yemvura yekudiridza inofanirwa kugadziridzwa kune yakatarisana kakawanda, ichibvumira iyo substrate kuti idzoke zvinyoro nyoro nekudiridza kwega kwega. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, kudzoreredza mu substrate nyowani kungave kuri madikanwa.
Iko kushandiswa kwezvigadziriso zvebuffer uye kugara uchitarisa inzira dzakanakisa dzekuchengetedza kwenguva refu pH kugadzikana.
Ndirini uye kangani kuyera pH?
Inokurudzirwa kuyera pH pane imwe neimwe yekudiridza, kunyanya kana mafetireza kana zvimwe zvinowedzera zvichiwedzerwa, sezvo izvi zvinowanzochinja kukosha kwekutanga. Zvakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kuyera pH yemusanganiswa wekupedzisira (mvura + mafetireza), kwete chete pH yemvura yekutanga, kunze kwekunge uchidiridza nemvura chete. Mune hydroponic masisitimu uye zvirimwa zvepamberi, kuenderera kutarisisa kunofanirwa kuitwa uchishandisa anoenderera mamita.
Kuwanda kweyero kunogona kudzikiswa muzvirimwa zvemuvhu zvakachengetwa necompost uye yakagadzikana organic zvinhu, sezvo substrate pachayo ichiita sechisikigo buffer. Nekudaro, muzvirimwa zvemamineral kana izvo zvine synthetic fluid fetiraiza, zvakakosha kugara uchitarisa pH.
Maintenance uye kutarisira pH metres
Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kwemamita emagetsi kwakakosha kuti udzivise zvikanganiso zvekuverenga uye kurebesa hupenyu hwavo hunobatsira. Tevedzera kurudziro idzi:
- Chenesa probe nemvura yakasvibiswa mushure mekushandisa kwega kwega.
- Chengetedza probe yakanyorova mumhinduro yekuchengetedza inokurudzirwa nemugadziri.
- Gadzirisa mita yako kamwechete pamwedzi, kana nekukurumidza kana ukaona kuverenga kusina kugadzikana.
- Usambobvumira kuti probe iome.
- Dzivisa kurova kana kunyudza zvikamu zvemamita zvisina kugadzirirwa chinangwa ichi.
Calibration mhinduro dzinowanzo kuve nepH kukosha pakati pe4.01 uye 7.01. Calibration inonyanya kukurudzirwa kana mudziyo wakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba kana mushure mekushandisa kakawanda.
Kukosha kweEC (Electro Conductivity) pamwe chete nepH
Mazhinji pH metres anobvumidzawo kuyera EC kana conductivity, iyo inoratidza huwandu hwemunyu wakanyungudika mumvura. Kutariswa panguva imwe chete kwe pH uye EC inova nechokwadi chekuti zvirimwa zvinowana chikafu muchikamu chakakodzera, pasina njodzi yekuwedzeresa fetiraiza kana kushomeka. Mvura yekudiridza yakaenzana Mune ese ma parameters ndiyo hwaro hwekusimudzira kwakaringana muhydroponics, coco uye ivhu.
Yakanaka EC tsika dzinosiyana zvichienderana nechikamu:
- Mbeu nembeu: 0.4 - 0.6 mS / cm
- Wedzera: 0.8 - 1.2 mS / cm
- Bloom: 1.2 – 2.0 mS/cm (tevedzera zvakasiyana-siyana uye fetiraiza yakananga mazano)
Kana iyo EC yakanyanya kukwirira, zviri nani kudzikisa musanganiswa nemvura yakaderera yemaminerari kusvika yasvika padanho rinokurudzirwa.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika nepH uye mhinduro yayo
- Kukanganwa kuyera pH mushure mekuwedzera mafetiraiza uye zvinowedzera: zvese izvi zvinoshandura pH yekutanga yemvura.
- Rongedza pH yemvura yepasi chete uye kwete musanganiswa wakazara.
- Usayera mita yedhijitari nguva zhinji kana kurega probe ichioma.
- Shandisa madonhwe reagents mumisanganiswa yakasviba, uko ruvara runogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro.
- Kuwedzera concealer yakawandisa uye kuenda kupfuura iyo yaunoda chiyero. Kuwedzera kunofanira kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
- Usafunge nezve buffering maitiro eiyo substrate: yemhando yevhu uye kokonati inobatsira kudzikamisa pH, asi usagadzirise zvachose.
Chinokosha ndechekuenderana uye kuchengetedza rekodhi. Kurekodha pH uye EC kukosha, huwandu hwezvigadziriso zvakashandiswa, uye mhinduro yechirimwa inobvumidza iwe kunyatso-tune manejimendi uye kutarisira matambudziko.
Mhando dze pH regulators uye mashandisiro avanoita
Pane zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana pamusika zvakagadzirirwa gadzirisa pH chaizvo, zvese kusimudza nekudzikisa nhanho sezvinodiwa:
- pH Pasi: Kazhinji musanganiswa wephosphoric uye nitric acids, unoshandiswa kudzikisa pH yealkaline mhinduro uye yakachengeteka kune zvese kukura nekutumbuka.
- pH kumusoro: Kazhinji inoumbwa ne potassium hydroxide kana mamwe alkali akapfava, akagadzirirwa kukwidza pH ye acidic mhinduro.
- Organic correctors: Citric asidhi, vhiniga, uye zvinomera zvezvirimwa. Inobatsira pakugadzirisa kudiki uye kurima organic.
Ndeipi nhanho yekurima iyo pH inonyanya kukosha?
pH yakakosha mukati mekutenderera, asi Inonyanya kukosha panguva yemidzi, kukura kwekutanga uye maruvaPadanho rekudyara, pH yakagadzikana inoita kuti midzi inokura pasina kuvharika. Munguva yekukura, nitrogen, potasium, uye calcium inokwira yakakwirira mumhando yakakwana. Munguva yemaruva, phosphorus ne potassium zvinonyanya kutorwa pane imwe nzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera kana kuti ine acidic zvishoma pH.
- Kumera uye midzi: 5.5-6.0 muinert substrates, 6.0-6.3 muvhu.
- Wedzera: 5.8-6.5 zvichienderana nepakati.
- Bloom: 6.0-6.5; mu hydroponics, kusvika 6.2-6.4 pakupera kwekutenderera.
Kuchengeta iyo pH pane yakaratidzwa kukosha inogonesa kutorwa kwega ega yakakosha chikafu padanho rega rega.
Nzira yekududzira sei pH-inoenderana nekushomeka uye kuwandisa?
Nutrient blockages kana kushomeka kunogona kuitika kana pH isisina chiyero. Mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika:
- Chlorosis: Yellow mashizha ane green veins (kushaya iron nekuda kwepamusoro pH).
- Apical necrosis: Yakatsva mashizha emashizha (potassium lockout nekuda kwepasi pH).
- Kukamhina kukura: Generalized kushaikwa kwechikafu nekuda kwekunyanyisa pH kukosha.
- Mashizha akamonyoroka kana akaremara: Calcium uye magnesium blockade.
Nhanho yekutanga pakugadzirisa zviratidzo izvi ndeyekuyera nekugadzirisa pH, sekugadzirisa nyore kunowanzogadzirisa dambudziko pasina chikonzero chekuwedzera imwe fetereza.
Ndeipi mvura inofanira kushandiswa pakudiridza pakurima mbanje?
Kunobva uye kunaka kwemvura kunokanganisa zvakananga pH yayo uye munyu wemukati (EC). Mvura yemupombi inowanzova nehuwandu hwebicarbonates, calcium, uye magnesium, iyo inowedzera pH nekuoma. Kune marudzi mana akakosha emvura anoenderana neEC yavo:
- Mvura yakapfava kwazvo (EC 0.020 - 0.090 mS): Yakanakira hydroponics uye mineral fertilizer musanganiswa. Inowanzoda kugadziriswa ne calcium uye magnesium.
- Mvura yakapfava (EC 0.400 – 0.600 mS): Inokodzera zvirimwa zvakawanda, kuenzana kwakanaka pakati pekuchena nemunyu.
- Mvura yakajairika (EC 0.600 - 0.800 mS): Inogona kushandiswa zvakananga mushure mekugadzirisa pH.
- Mvura yakaoma (EC 0.800 - 1.200 mS): Zvinoda kusanganisa kana kudilution, sezvo ichikwanisa kuvhara chikafu uye kusimudza pH zvakanyanya.
Zvinoita here kuchengetedza yakagadzikana pH organically?
Mukurima organic, organic matter uye microorganisms zvinobatsira mukudzikamisa pH kuburikidza neakasikwa buffering maitiro. Mature compost, humus teas, uye kushandiswa kwema microorganisms anoshanda zvakanaka (EM) anobatsira kuchengetedza acidity kana alkalinity mukati meiyo yakakwana renji. Zvisinei, muvhu rekare kana kuti rakadiridzwa nemvura yakaoma, kutsauka kunogona kuitika kunoda kururamiswa nokukurumidza.
Iko kushandiswa kwema organic correctors kunodiwa mune idzi kesi, asi inofanirwa kuyerwa nguva dzose kudzivirira zvakanyanya-kugadzirisa uye kuremekedza hupenyu hwehutachiona hweiyo substrate.
Ndeipi pH mita yaunofanirwa kusarudza zvichibva pane yako ruzivo level?
- Vanotanga: Drop kits kana test strips zvakakwana kana tsika idiki. Vanokutendera kuti udzidze matanho ekutanga pasina mari yakawanda.
- Chinhanho chepakati: Mamita edhijitari akareruka ane probes anochinjika uye manyorero calibration. Vanopa kukwana kusingakwanisi.
- Nyanzvi Yepamberi yemamita edhijitari, isingapinde mvura kana inoenderera-kuverenga modhi, inoyera pH, EC, uye tembiricha panguva imwe chete. Vanoda kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda asi vanopa kuvimbika kwakanyanya.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Kushandisa pH Mamita uye Kukura Marijuana
- Iyo pH mita inotora nguva yakareba sei? Kana ikachengetwa zvakanaka, inogona kugara kwezvirimwa kana makore akawanda. Iyo probe inowanzova chikamu chakapfava; mhando dzakawanda dzinobvumira kutsiva.
- Ndinokwanisa here kuyera pH mumvura nefetereza? Hongu, ndizvo zvakanyanyofanira; fetereza inowanzo shandura pH yekutanga yemvura.
- Kangani iyo mita yedhijitari inofanira kuenzaniswa? Mavhiki ega ega 2-4 ekushandisa nguva dzose, kana kana mugadziri achikurudzira imwe frequency.
- Zvine ngozi here kushandisa makemikari pH correctors? Izvo zvakachengeteka kana zvakashandiswa sekutungamirirwa uye akasiyana maasidhi kana mabhesi haana kumbosanganiswa muhuwandu hukuru.
- Unoziva sei kana pH inokonzera kushomeka? Kana mushure mekugadzirisa pH chirimwa ichivandudza, ndiyo yaive mavambo edambudziko.
Mastering pH mukurima mbanje inomiririra kusvetuka kwehuwandu muhutano, kugadzira, uye mhando yezvirimwa zvako. Kugara uchitarisisa, kushandiswa kwemamita akakodzera, uye kurongeka kwakaringana kwepH neEC kunobvumira midzi kukudziridza kugona kwayo kuzere mukati mese. Kuedza kwekutanga kwekunzwisisa nekushandisa kudzora uku kunoshandura mukukohwa kwakawanda, kune hutano, uye kwepamusoro-soro, zvichibvumira iyo yakasara paramita kuti ishandiswe zvizere pasina zvipingamupinyi zvakavanzika.