Ivhu pH Inoonekwa seimwe yeakakosha paramita mukurima, sezvo ichikanganisa zvakananga budiriro, hutano, uye goho rezvirimwa. Kuchengeta iyo pH mune yakakwana renji inofambisa iyo kunwa kwehutano chikuru (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur) uye zvakakosha micronutrients, kukanganisa goho uye mhando yekupedzisira yemichero nemiriwo.
Chii chinonzi ivhu pH uye nei yakakosha?
El ivhu pH Ndiro chiyero chinoratidza huwandu hwehydrogen ions (H+) pasi, zvichiratidza mwero we acidity kana alkalinity Pachiyero che 0 (yakanyanya acidic) kusvika pa14 (yakawanda alkaline), ne7 isina kwayakarerekera. Pasi pe7, ivhu rine acidic; pamusoro peXNUMX, ine alkaline kana yakakosha.
Kusiyana uku kunokanganisa zvakananga:
- Kuwanikwa uye kutorwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri yezvirimwa.
- Microbial chiitiko basa rekuita mineralizing organic matter nekugadzirisa zvakakosha zvekudya.
- Kuenzanisa kwemakemikari kwevhu, kutarisa kuti zvinhu zvipi zviripo kana kuvharwa.
- Chimiro, porosity uye hutano hwemuviri we substrate.
Semuenzaniso, muvhu rine acidic, simbi dzakadai sealuminium, iron, uye manganese dzinogona kusvika pamwero une chepfu, nepo muvhu rine alkaline, calcium yakawandisa uye carbonates inogona kuchengetedza phosphorus uye micronutrients, zvichiita kuti zviomere zvirimwa kushandisa.
Ivhu rakakwana pH renji kune zvirimwa zvakasiyana
Ideal pH values dzinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechirimwa. Miti yakawanda inorimwa inokura muvhu acidic zvishoma kune kwazvakarerekera (pakati pe6.0 ne7.5). Nekudaro, kune mhando dzinoda mamwe mamiriro chaiwo:
- Gorosi: pH 5.5 - 7.5
- Bhari: pH 6.5 - 8.0
- Rye: pH 5.0 - 7.0
- Chibage: pH 5.5 - 8.0
- Alfalfa: pH 6.0 - 7.8
- Sunflower: pH 6.0 - 7.0
- Almond: pH 6.0 - 7.5
- Mbatatisi: pH 5.0 - 5.5 (inoda ivhu rine acidic yakawanda)
- Tomato: pH 5.5 - 7.0
- Eggplant: pH 5.4 - 6.0
- Orchid: pH 4.0 - 4.5
Ivhu pH rinogadziriswa sei?
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekutarisa pH:
- Inotakurika pH mita: Zvishandiso zviri nyore uye zvinokurumidza, zvakakodzera kuyerwa kuyerwa uye basa remumunda.
- Test strips kana colorimetric kits: Economical, yekutarisisa, kunyangwe isina kunyatsojeka.
- Kutumira samples kune specialized laboratory: Iyo yakavimbika nzira yekuongororwa kwakaringana, yakakosha pamberi pekudyara kukuru kana kugadzirisa fetiraiza.
Maitiro anokurudzirwa anosanganisira kutora akati wandei anomiririra samples yevhu, kuaomesa, kusefa, kusanganisa nemvura yakasvibiswa, uye kuyera pH mushure menguva pfupi yekuzorora. Ongororo iyi inofanirwa kudzokororwa nguva nenguva, sezvo kuberekesa, kunaya kwemvura, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti pH ichinje mukati megore rose.
Zvinhu zvinotarisa ivhu pH
Iyo pH kukosha ine simba uye inogona kusiyanisa nekuda kwesimba rezvizhinji zvinhu:
- Zvinhu zvevabereki: Matombo ane acidic anogadzira ivhu rine acidic, matombo ecalcareous anogadzira ivhu rekutanga.
- Mamiriro ekunze uye kunaya: Mvura zhinji inonaya kazhinji inokonzeresa ivhu rine acidic nekuda kwekudonha kwemabhesi (calcium, magnesium).
- Texture uye organic zvinhu zvemukati: Ivhu rejecha rinonyanya kukanganiswa nekushanduka-shanduka; ivhu revhu uye humus-rakapfuma rine simba guru rekuvharisa.
- Mhando yemadiridziro: Mvura ine alkalinity yakakwirira inogona kuwedzera pH.
- Maitiro ekurima: Kuisa fetereza, zvigadziriso, uye zvirimwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoshandura pH chiyero.
Zvinoitwa nevanhu—kubva pakuisa fetiraiza kusvika pakugadzirisa tsvina uye kuwedzera kurimwa—zvinoshandura acidity yechisikigo kana alkalinity yevhu. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa nhoroondo yevhu nekuriongorora nguva nenguva chikamu chehunyanzvi hwekutarisira agronomic.
Mhedzisiro yepH pakudyara kwekudya uye hutano hwezvirimwa
Kana ivhu riine pH isina kukwana yemhando dzakarimwa, kusaenzana kwekudya kunoitika:
- Ivhu rine acidic zvakanyanya (pH <5.5): Kuwedzera mazinga ehupfu aluminium uye manganese, calcium, magnesium, uye phosphorus kushomeka, uye pfupi, yakakora midzi. Trace elements inogona kunge yakawandisa, zvinova zvinokuvadza.
- Ivhu risina kwarakarerekera: Kukura kwakaringana kuwanikwa kwese zvinovaka muviri, yakakwana microbial chiitiko, yakanaka chimiro.
- Alkaline ivhu (pH> 7.5): Micronutrients yakadai sesimbi, zinc, manganese, uye mhangura inova shoma; kune njodzi yakakura ye iron chlorosis uye kushomeka kwekudya. Phosphorus inosungwa mune zvisinganyunguriki mafomu.
Zviratidzo mumiti zvinogona kuvhiringidzika nezvirwere: chlorosis, kuderera kwekukura, kusvava, mashizha necrosis, pakati pevamwe. Nekudaro, kudzora pH hakungonatsiridza hutano asi zvakare kufambisa kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwematambudziko ekurima. Pano unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuongorora mamiriro evhu kugadzirisa hutano hwechirimwa chako.
Ivhu pH manejimendi uye kugadzirisa
Kugadzirisa pH kunogoneka nemaitiro akachinjirwa kune yega yega kesi:
- Kune ivhu rine acidic: Wedzera calcium amendments (agricultural lime, dolomite, controlled wood ash, akapwanyika mazai). Rudzi uye saizi yechikamu chechigadzirwa inokanganisa kumhanya kwayo uye kushanda kwayo. Zvakakosha kuverenga muyero zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwevhu uye organic matter.
- Kune ivhu re alkaline: Isa organic matter (compost, worm castings), elemental sulfur, nitrogen feteraiza muammonium kana sulfate fomu, micronutrient chelates, uye dzimwe nguva gypsum yekurima kuti ibvise sodium muvhu resodic. Iyo nzira inononoka uye inoda kutariswa kudzivirira yakawandisa acidification.
Kurongeka kwevhu zvinoenderana nepH uye matambudziko anoenderana
Ivhu rinogona kugoverwa sezvinotevera:
- Yakasimba acidic: pH isingasviki 5.5, ine njodzi yesimbi toxicity uye yakaderera phosphorus kuwanikwa.
- Iine acidic zvishoma kune neutral: pH iri pakati pe6.0 ne7.5, yakanakira zvirimwa zvakawanda.
- Alkaline: pH yakakura kupfuura 7.5, tsika yekushomeka kwemicronutrient uye yakavharika phosphorus.
- Sodium kana calcareous: Ivhu rine alkaline yakanyanya, iyo yakaoma kugadzirisa uye uko matambudziko emuviri akadai sekukorokoza uye kuderera kwemvura kunowanzoonekwa, kuwedzera kune iron, zinc, uye manganese kushomeka.
Kurudziro yeanoshanda pH kutonga
Kuchengetedza pH yakakodzera pamusoro penguva refu uye kudzivirira kuchinja kunokuvadza:
- Itai kuongorora ivhu nguva nenguva panzvimbo dzakasiyana nekudzika kwepasi.
- Shandisa organic matter kuvandudza kugona kwevhu, kukurudzira hupenyu hwehutachiona uye kufarira chimiro.
- Kusarudza zvirimwa nefetereza yakakodzera kune yakasikwa pH yevhu.
- Nyora nhoroondo yekurima uye fetiraiza kutarisira kuchinja uye kuita zvisarudzo zvine ruzivo.
pH manejimendi chishandiso chakakosha chekuona hutano hwezvirimwa uye kuwedzera goho uye kunaka kwegoho. Kunzwisisa maitiro aya kunotitendera kutarisira kushomeka kana chepfu, kuchengetedza matanho ekugadzirisa kwenguva refu, uye kukurudzira agroecosystem yakadzikama uye yakagadzikana.