Padyo nepadyo nenzvimbo yeLa Victoria muValladolid, muti muhombe wakavanzwa, uyo vagari vazhinji vasati vamboona padhuze. Pamahombekombe eCanal de Castilla spillway pane monumental sequoia inozivikanwa se. "Sequoia yeLas Eras", imwe yemiti yakasarudzika uye yekare mugutaSaizi yayo, nhoroondo yayo uye nharaunda yakaitenderedza inoita kuti ive yechokwadi botanical gem mukati menzvimbo yagara inoshamisa.
Iyi colossus ndeyemhando yemhando Sequoiadendron giganteumMhuka dzakafanana neakakurumbira hofori sequoias yekuCalifornia. MuValladolid, kure nenyika yayo yekuzvarwa, iyi muenzaniso yakakwanisa kuchinjika uye kukura kusvika kune vamwe 38 metres kureba uye anenge 9 metres muhunde denderedzwa yakayerwa padanho repasi, iyo inoiisa pakati pemiti mikuru uye inoshamisa zvikuru mumanisiparati yose.
Iyo Sequoia yeLas Eras: hofori yakavanzika padyo neCanal de Castilla
Kudanwa Iyo Sequoia yeLas Eras iri padyo nekuteuka kweCanal de Castilla, munharaunda yeLa Victoria.Iri muValladolid. Haisi munzvimbo yepakati kana kuti paki yakabatikana, asi mukona ine hungwaru, inoonekwa chete kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumahombekombe erwizi. Ichi "chakavanzika" chimiro chinotsanangura kuti sei, kunyangwe nehukuru hwayo, vagari vazhinji veValladolid havasati vazviwana.
Uyu muenzaniso ndewerudzi Sequoiadendron giganteum, a monumental conifer akaberekerwa kumakomo eSierra Nevada muCaliforniaMunzvimbo yayo yakasikwa inogona kudarika 80 metres kureba (ona rekodhi ye murefu kwazvo pasi) uye kurarama kwezviuru zvemakore. MuValladolid, fungidziro inoisa zera reiyi sequoia kutenderedza 180-200 makore, izvo zvinoita kuti ive imwe yezvisikwa zvipenyu zvekare muguta.
Nezve hukuru hwayo, iyo data yakaunganidzwa muzviyero zvakasiyana inoratidza kuti denderedzwa rehunde, inotorwa pa 0 metres kureba, iri pedyo 9 mamita (Data rakabudiswa muna 2012 nemushandisi JotaErre). Mufananidzo wacho unozviita iyo muti ine yakakura perimeter mudhorobha reValladolid, kunyangwe pamusoro peholm oak, misidhari kana mamwe maveteran emuenzaniso akanyorwa seakasarudzika.
Kureba kunoshamisa zvakare: mune zvese 2012 uye 2016, chiyero chekuyera 38 mamitaKunyangwe iyo nzira inoshandiswa muzviyero izvi isati yatsanangurwa, inoonekwa sefungidziro yakavimbika inopindirana nemareferensi eGuta reGuta pacharo, rinotaura nezveanopfuura 35 metres kune yakasarudzika sequoias yeguta.
Mune mamwe mabhuku uye dhatabhesi yemiti yakakura, iyi sequoia inoratidzika ichizivikanwa se "giant sequoia 27522"chirevo chenhamba chinogonesa kuwanikwa kwayo uye kutevera, asi iyo mukushandiswa kwakakurumbira yakafukidzwa nezita rinonyanya kukwezva re Sequoia yeLas Eras.
Muti wakasarudzika mumamiriro ezvinhu emiti mikuru yeValladolid
Iyo Valladolid City Council ine catalog ye 38 miti yakasarudzika yakapararira mukati medhorobhaMiti iyi inosanganisirwa muGeneral Urban Development Plan (PGOU). Vanodzivirirwa nekuda kwezera ravo, kureba, chimiro, kana kushomeka munzvimbo yedhorobha. Mukati meiyi rondedzero, sequoias inotora nzvimbo yakakosha.
Muguta mune zvishoma Maviri makuru makuru sequoias: imwe iri paCanal de Castilla, muLa Victoria, uye imwe muOveruela.Ose ari maviri anoonekwa seasiri erudzi rwechirudzi, zvichireva kuti haana kuzvarwa kuIberian Peninsula, asi akadyarwa uye akachengetwa nekuda kwekushamisa kwawo kwekushongedza uye botanical kukosha. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nhamba kumativi Vane makore 200 uye anopfuura 35 metres kureba., inokodzera zvakakwana muchikamu che "monumental tree".
Iyo sequoia paCanal de Castilla ndeye, maererano neakasiyana masosi, muti mukuru muValladolid kana tikabatanidza kureba uye hunde denderedzwaChimiro chayo se "chinenge chakavanzika hofori" chinochiisa parutivi kubva kune mamwe akasarudzika emumaguta emhando, anowanikwa uye anozivikanwa kune veruzhinji, semuorivhi wemazana emakore muPlaza de Fuente Dorada kana misidhari yakakurumbira yakapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeguta.
Padivi peiyi sequoias, iyo katalogi yekanzuru inosanganisira miti yakasiyana-siyana Misidhari yeRebhanoni, ginkgos, misipuresi, holm oak, mapopulari matema, miti mikuru mikuru, miti yehackberry, kana muti weyew unotyisa muOld Bullring.Vazhinji vavo vanodarika 20-25 metres pakureba kana kusvika makore ari pedyo kusvika zana, uye zvakanyanya mune dzimwe nguva.
Pakati peavo vese vane mbiri veterans, iyo Sequoia yeLas Eras inomira zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei: mavambo ayo echienzi, kurarama kwenguva refu, kufara kunoshamisa kwehunde yawo, uye nzvimbo yaro yerwizi padyo neCanal de Castilla, inopa nzvimbo chaiyo kune ichi chirimwa colossus.
Mimwe miti inoshamisa muValladolid: kufamba nepakati peguta rakasvibira
Muti uri paCanal de Castilla hausi wega pamepu yemiti yakakosha muValladolid. Guta pfuma muunganidzwa unoshamisa wezvienzaniso zvinoshamisa zvakapararira munzvimbo dzese, mapaki uye nzira, dzakawanda dzacho dzisingacherechedzwi nevaya vasinganyatsotarisi.
Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Muti wemuorivhi weFuente Dorada, yakasimwa pakati pepakati mukati mekugadzirisa kwa1998. Inofungidzirwa kuva pedyo 100 makorePasinei nekutamiswa, midzi yaro yemazana emakore inoramba ichiidyara mukati chaimo meguta, umo yave chishamiso uye chinhambwe. muorivhi mumwe chete wakanyorwa sewakasarudzika nekanzuru yeguta.
Kusiri kure, kunyangwe watove kunze kwenzvimbo yenhoroondo, mumwe muorivhi wakakurumbira unoonekwa mu Juan Carlos I Promenade, pedyo neSegovia AvenueIyi kopi inopa rukudzo kune Jaime Gómez, “bhishopu weDelicias” anozivikanwa zvikuru.munhu anodiwa zvikuru munharaunda. Pamusoro pezviratidziro zviviri izvi, mapoka emiti yemiorivhi anogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakadai materu eLas Contiendas kana Nueva del Carmen mugwagwa, kunyangwe pasina dhigirii rehutungamiriri humwe huna Fuente Dorada.
Muchikamu checonifer, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena: “Vakoma Vaviri”, zita rinozivikanwa naro Miti yemisidhari miviri iri pakati peLibhurari yeCastile neLeón uye chechi yeSan NicolásKunyange zvazvo vachigoverana zera rakafanana, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vari pakati 70 uye 90 makore, kukura kwavo hakuna kufanana: iyo yepamusoro inosvika inenge 25 mamitaImwe ine mamita mashoma kudzika, nepo imwe yacho yakadzikira zvishoma, ichivapa kutaridzika kunoshamisa kwe "mapatya asina kuenzana".
Mumwe muti unoshamisa nekushaikwa kwawo ndiwo Ginkgo weCampo Grande, zviri zvemarudzi Ginkgo bilobaHaisi iyo yakareba kwazvo kana yekare mupaki (yakapoteredza 20 makore uye 11 metres), asi ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuda kuziva kubva pakuona kwesainzi: ndiyo Iyo chete mhando yemhando yekirasi Ginkgopsida, ine huvepo mune zvinyorwa zvisaririra zvinodzokera kumashure mamwe mamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe emakore.Anowanzotsanangurwa sewechokwadi “marara mafossil”, muzukuru wemiti yaigoverana nzvimbo nemadinosaur.
MuOld Bullring, imwe yemakona anoyevedza eguta, a yew muti une chimiro chakanyanyaKusiyana nemimwe miti ine hunde yakanyatsotsanangurwa, iyi muenzaniso inoratidzika kubuda yakananga kubva pasi senge chidimbu chemashizha akabatanidzwa uye mataviIyo inocherechedzwa nembeu dzayo dzvuku, yakavharwa munyama yearils inoshanda seyambiro yehupfu hwayo. Uyu muti weyew unokura kusvika kumativi 50 makore uye anosvika anenge 11 metres, uye ave mumiriri akanyarara wechivanze ichi chenhoroondo.
Rondedzero yemiti inoshamisa muValladolid inosanganisirawo zvipenyu kubva munzvimbo dzakadzikama kana dzemahombekombe, senge hofori yemichindwe kubva kuLas Moreras, nevamwe 12 metres kureba uye pedyo kusvika 60 makore, kana kuti munhu ane mukurumbira Misidhari yeRebhanoni muSt. Paul's Square, zve 90 makore uye 20 mamita, yakakurumbira nokuda kwemaitiro ayo ovoid pinecones. Izvi zvinosanganiswa ne a Inozivikanwa fir tree muCampo Grande, iri kumativi ose 30 metres kureba uye zana rekare, uye inonakidza Siberian elm muLas Moreras, zvekuda 80 makore uye 24 mamita, pakati pevamwe vazhinji.
Iyo Canal de Castilla: green corridor uye biodiversity utiziro
Kupfuura sequoia, iyo Canal de Castilla pachayo ndeye yechokwadi ecological corridor inoumba musana weTierra de Campos landscapeIine makiromita 207 pakureba, inomhanya nemumapani makuru akachinjika uye inova nzira yehupenyu uko zvinoshamisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu zvakasangana, kunyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nenharaunda yekurima yakapoteredza.
Kunze kwekutambanudza kwekutanga, pedyo Alar del Rey (Palencia), uko mugero unosvika pamateru eraimu ePeña AmayaYakawanda yenzira inofamba nemunzvimbo dzinenge dzakati sandara, ine musiyano wakakwana wepamusoro pe 100-140 metres pakati pekutanga uye kuperaUku kutsetseka kwakapfava kunoita kuti mvura iyerere zvishoma nezvishoma, mamiriro akanaka e... madhaka uye subaquatic zvinomera zvinogara kumahombekombe uye kuitira kuti masango echokwadi ari pedyo nenzizi aumbe.
Mujinga merwizi, zvinotevera zvinokura gallery masango uye masango erwizi inoperekedza nzira yemugero. Aya masisitimu ezvinomera emurwizi anotsanangura zvakanyanya marudzi makuru ezvinomera nemhuka akaonekwa munzira yayoKunyangwe pasina huwandu hwakazara, nyanzvi dzemaruva nemhuka dzinofungidzira kuti huwandu hwemhando dzezvirimwa hunogona kunge hwakatenderedza. 1.000.
Zvisinei, nzvimbo yacho haina kuramba isina kuchinja. Vazhinji ve Miti yakadyarwa pakutanga kumahombekombe emugero yakatemwa nekufamba kwenguvazvekuti zvimwe zvikamu zvave kuita kushaya chifukidziro chemuti. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvikamu zvakawanda zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka zvinoramba zviripo Miti yemurwizi inoramba yakasvibira uye yakasiyana-siyana, kutambira miti yakura, makwenzi, zvinomera zvemumvura uye hupenyu hwemhuka hwakanyanya.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, senge Melgar de FernamentalIyo canal yanga iri nyaya yekudzidza uye kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rwenzvimbo nevagari vanoziva mabhangi ayo zvakanyanya. Mumwe muenzaniso ibasa re Claudio Gutiérrez "the Canon"Akazvarwa muna 1928, akatanga kunyora mazita emiti yakawanda, fungi, uye mhuka dzakabatana neCanal de Castilla nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza, kuitira kuti. kuti ndangariro yomuzvarirwo yaisazorasika nokufamba kwezvizvarwa.
Miti yeRwizi rweCanal de Castilla nenzvimbo yakatenderedza yeValladolid
Pamahombekombe eCanal de Castilla, uye kazhinji munzira dzemvura dzenzvimbo iyi, dzinoonekwa mhando dzemiti dzakawanda dzakaita semumahombekombe enzizi nemafashamaMazhinji emhando idzi anowanikwa mune dzimwe nzizi dzeMeseta. Pakati peakatanhamara zvikurusa marudzi akasiana-siana emipopura, mikonachando, uye miti yemadota, inoperekedzwa nemitamarisiki, mionde, nemimwe miti yemichero yomusango.
Zvakajairika kuwana pakati pemapoplar black poplar (populus nigra) uye white poplar (populus alba), kuwedzera kune inozivikanwa segrey poplar kana grey poplar, populus canescensIyo chena poplar inonyanya kushamisa nekuda kwekusiyana pakati perima rakasvibira kumusoro pamusoro pemashizha ayo uye pasi rakafukidzwa nekuchena pasi. Muchokwadi, pamwe nezvimwe zvikamu zveCamino de Santiago, padyo neCanal de Castilla, yakanyorwa. white poplar seimwe yemhando dzemhando dzemahombekombe erwizi, kukwanisa kusvika anenge 25 metres uye kudzikamisa mabhanga nemidzi yawo.
ari mikona (Salix alba, S. fragilis, S. atrocinerea, S. salviifolia, S. purpurea) Vanoumba chikamu chakakosha chemasango aya emurwizi. Mumwe wavo, Salix atrocinereaInotaurwawo mumadhairekitori eCamino de Santiago nekuda kwekuvapo kwayo pamahombekombe enzizi senge Ega Rwizi, asi inomiririra akawanda Cantabrian neMeseta mahombekombe enzizi. Nhoroondo, mirwi yaishandiswa kuwana... salicin mumakwati ayo, inotangira salicylic acid ine analgesic uye anti-inflammatory properties, uye matavi ayo maduku akashandiswa bhasikiti nekuchengetedzwa kwerwizi.
Mumahombekombe enzizi aya munogarawo miti yakaita semiti dota rine mashizha matete (Fraxinus angustifolia), the elm (Ulmus mudiki), the alder (Alnus glutinosa), the tamarisiki (tamarix gallica y African tamarix)la muonde (ficus carica) kana the walnut (Regal juglans), inoperekedzwa nemhando dzakadai se almond tree (Amygdalus communis)la tsika (Morus nigra) kana the acerola (Crataegus Azarolus)Uku kusanganiswa kwemiti yeriparian nemiti yemichero yemusango inogadzira yakanyatsosiyana mosaic inoshanda sepokugara uye chikafu cheshiri, mhuka dzinoyamwisa nedzimwe mhuka.
Mumadhorobha nharaunda yeValladolid, mukuwedzera kune akajairwa nzizi mhando, miti iri mumapaki nemigwagwa inosanganisira yakakura siyana. miti yekushongedza kubva kumativi ose enyikaMazita ekanzuru anotaura nezvemhuri dzakadai se Ginkgoaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Aceraceae, Oleaceae nezvimwe zvakawanda, nemhando dzakadai ginkgos, firs, Atlas neRebhanoni misidhari, Spanish firs, pine pine uye holm oak, sequoias sempervirens, cypress, thujas, birches, hornbeams, mulberries, magnolias, miti yendege, maples, lindens, elms yakasimba, hackberry miti, rowan miti kana yews,.
Zvizhinji zvezvipenyu izvi zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nechinangwa chazvo: zvimwe zvakachengeterwa mapaki nenzvimbo dzakasvibira (dzakanyorwa se "P" mune zvinyorwa)nepo mamwe achinyanya kuitirwa Miti yemugwagwa (yakanyorwa se "C")Pamusoro pezvo, mimwe miti inocherechedzwa se yakaunzwa mumakore gumi apfuura, uye vanopiwa mwero wehuwandu hunobva pamienzaniso yakasiyana (1) kusvika kune inowanzoitika (3), nokudaro zvichibatsira kuronga kusiyana-siyana uye kuenzana kwemiti yemumaguta.
Mhuka nemaruva zvakabatana neCanal de Castilla: ndangariro yechisikigo yeMelgar
Izvo zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zveCanal de Castilla hazvingogumiri pamiti yayo mikuru. Pane dzimwe nzvimbo munzira yayo, senge in Melgar de FernamentalNhamburiko inoshamisa zvikuru yakaitwa kuti nyora mhuka nemaruva zvine chekuita nemugeroMuzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvinobva paruzivo rwechinyakare rwakaunganidzwa nevagari vakararama hupenyu hwavo hwese padivi pemvura dzayo.
Izvo zvatotaurwa Claudio Gutiérrez "the Canon"Akazvarwa muna 1928 kuMelgar, akafunga kuunganidza mune zvinyorwa mazita - mazhinji acho akakurumbira kana mitauro yemuno - zvinomera, howa, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, mhuka dzinorarama nekugara mufibhii, zvinokambaira, hove, shiri nemhuka dzisina mutsipa iyo yaakanga aona kwemakumi emakore mumugero nemumahombekombe awo. Chinangwa chake chakanga chakajeka: kuti kuunganidza uku kwaisazorasika uye kwaizoramba kuripo kune chero munhu anga achida kuziva nezvemamiriro enzvimbo.
Muzvinyorwa zvavo zve zvinomera nemiriwo marudzi anooneka akadai elms, poplars, holm oak, rukato, blackthorns, hawthorns, rosehip, ash miti, thyme, clover, nettle, poppies, heather, rushes, sedges, tsanga, wild oats. uye runyorwa rurefu rwemamwe mazita enzvimbo, mazhinji acho ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwechinyakare kana morphological peculiarities. Mukuwedzera, kune marudzi akawanda e howa hunodyiwa yakabatana nerukato, mipopori kana nzvimbo dzinopisa.
Nezvemhuka, Gutiérrez anosiyanisa pakati mhuka dzinoyamwisa (nguruve, mhembwe, tsuro, tsuro, gava, weasel, marten, mhumhi, etc.); mhuka dzemumvura (otter, mink, gonzo remvura), Amphibians uye zvinokambaira (matatya, matatya, nyoka, madzvinyu), hove (trout, barbel, tench, chub nevamwe) uye yakawanda inomiririra shiri dzemvura uye dzepanyika.
Pakati pe shiri dzemvura inotaura zvipenyu zvakaita se cormorant, madhadha, hanzi, coots, kingfisher, hero, osprey, moorhen neshiri dzetsanga dzakasiyana-siyana, dziri pakati pemiti shiri dzenyika inotaura kubva Kubva kumabustard neshuramurove kusvika kune zvihuta, zvihuta, zizi, zizi, makondo, kites, nyuchi dzinodya, goldfinches, thrushes, nightingales kana kunyange zviremwaremwa., ichigadzira faunal mosaic yakakura zvechokwadi.
Kune izvi zvose zvinowedzerwa zvakawanda zvipembenene, mollusks, annelids uye centipedesButterflies, nhunzi, nyuchi, nyuchi, dragonflies, zvikwekwe, earthworms, leeches, crabs, woodlice, centipedes, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Rondedzero iyi ine hungwaru inoshanda kusimbisa kuti canal haingori nhoroondo yekudiridza nekutakura, asiwo. yakanyatsoomarara ecosystem, ine akawanda trophic mazinga uye hukama pakati pezvipenyu.
Iko kukosha kwetsika uye kwechisikigo kwemiti mikuru: kubva kune yekare yew kusvika kuCanal sequoia
Iyo Sequoia yeLas Eras chikamu chetsika yakakura ye Miti inoremekedzwa nekuyemurwa nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, zera, kana nhoroondoMunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeSpain, mienzaniso inoshamisa yemiti yekare yakachengetedzwa, yakadai seyakakurumbira yew miti yeCantabrian Mountains kana kuti masango e<em>yew ayo ari kurarama nekufamba kwemazana emakore.
El common yew (taxus baccata) Muti une nhoroondo inonakidza. Iyo conifer iyo, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeIberian Peninsula, inoumba masango ane mimvuri zvikuru ari pakati pe1.300 ne1.500 metres pamusoro pegungwauko isingabvumiri mamwe marudzi kukura pasi pedenga rawo. Madzitateguru ayo ave achikura muEurope kwenguva yakareba. anenge makore emamirioni zana nemakumi matatuUye mafomu akafanana akatovapo apo madinosaurs achiri kufamba pasi pano panguva yekuchinja kubva kuJurassic kuenda kuCretaceous period, nezve. 140 mamirioni emakore.
Mutsika, muti weyew wakamutsa zvakanyanya kunamatwa sokutyaKune maCeltic druids waive muti unoyera, asi huturu hwawo hwakaita kuti ive nemukurumbira: vekare. VaAstures neCantabrians vakaishandisa kuzviuraya pane kutorwa semusungwa.Uye zvinonzi maNumantians akashandisa infusions yezvibereko zvayo zvitsvuku muna 133 BC kudzivirira hutongi hweRoma. Mienzaniso yayo ichiripo nanhasi. pakati pemakore gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemaviri munzvimbo dzakaita seSierra de Guadarrama kana iyo yakakurumbira yew muti weBermiego (Asturias).
Imwe yeakanakisa ensembles ndeye Tejeda de Tosande, muPalenciaapo pedyo 800 miti yeyew mumupata wegomoIyi enclave, inosanganisirwa muFuentes Carrionas uye Fuente Cobre - Montaña Palentina Natural Park, yave imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira. nzendo dzakawanda dzinokurudzirwa mupurovhinziKusvika ikoko kunosanganisira kuyambuka holm oak nemasango emuoki, kukwira goronga uye kusvika pakachena nemaonero usati wapinda musango reyew pacharo.
Kuchengetedza iyi ecosystem, yakaiswa nzira yemapuranga pamusoro peiyo nzira yekupedzisira inomhanya, kuderedza kutsika uye kukanganisa kwakananga kumidzi. Zvinhu zvakadai se kuderera kwekubereka kwemuti weyewMakwikwi kubva pamiti yakaita semabhichi kana kubhuroka nemhembwe nemhembwe panhungirwa dzadzo kunoita kuti manejimendi anofanirwa kuve anodiwa kana kupona kwezvidyarwa zvekare kuchizove nechokwadi.
Muchiitiko ichi, mamwe mhuka dzesango dzinosanganiswawo mukati, senge holm oak, sessile oak, Pyrenean oak, beeches, holly, hawthorns, rowani nemiti yehazelpamwe chete nemaruva madiki anosanganisira orchids, dandelions, liverworts, uye zvimwe zvinomera zvepasi. The fauna inosanganisira nondo, nguruve yemusango, dormice, martens, uye panguva dzakasiyana, Cantabrian brown bearszvose izvi pasi pekutiza shiri nhema, thrushes, warbler, shiri dzepakati uye shoma dzine mavara, griffon vultures, goshawks kana makondo ane zvigunwe zvipfupi.
The parallelism pakati Tejeda de Tosande uye Sequoia yeLas Eras Zviri pachena: zvose zvinomiririra yakagara kwenguva refu uye miti mikuru munzvimbo yeCastile neLeónKunyangwe iwo ari marudzi akasiyana kwazvo uye ane nhoroondo dzakasiyana kwazvo. Nepo miti yeyew iri yekuzvarwa uye ichiumba masango ekare, sequoia imhando yemhando dzakaunzwa kubva mhiri kwemakungwa iyo yave zvakadaro. chiratidzo chenhaka yemuti wemudhorobha weValladolid uye hupfumi hwepanyama hwakabatana neCanal de Castilla..
Kufamba mumahombekombe emugero uye kumbomira pamberi peSequoia yeLas Eras, kana kufunga nezvemimwe miti yakasarudzika yeValladolid, munhu anobva aziva nezvazvo. Kusvika papi zvinomera zvihombe izvi chikamu chendangariro yedu pamwe chete uye yezvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu zvinotsigira upenyu hwemumaguta nemaruwa?Kudzidzivirira, kusvika pakudziziva, uye kunakidzwa nadzo neruremekedzo inzira iri nyore uye ine simba yekuchengetedza hukama huri pakati peguta, nzvimbo, uye hunhu hwakatipoteredza.
