Cacti muenzaniso wakajeka wekunyanyisa kuchinjika, unokwanisa kurarama mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine hutsinye papasi. Izvi zvinomera zvakagadzira nzira dzakawanda dzekutsungirira kushomeka kwemvura uye tembiricha yepamusoro yemugwenga, zvichiita kuti zvive zvinoshamisa zvekushanduka kwebotanical. Chimiro chavo, metabolism uye nzira dzekuchengetedza mvura dzinoita kuti dzive dzakasiyana mukati meumambo hwechirimwa.
Muchinyorwa chino chese, tichaongorora zvakadzama kuti cacti yakashanduka sei kuti igare munzvimbo idzi dzakaoma, nzira dzavanoshandisa kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura, yavo. kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza uye hukama hwayo hwenhoroondo nevanhu.
Unique Features yeCacti
Cacti ndeyemhuri cacti uye vanoratidzwa nekugona kwavo kuchengetedza mvura, pamwe chete nekudzivisa kwayo kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kusiyana nezvimwe zvinomera, zvakagadzira morphological uye physiological adaptation izvo zvinozvibvumira kuti zvibudirire uko mamwe marudzi asingararame.
Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukosha zvinosanganisira:
- Midzi yakawedzerwa: Mhando dzakawanda dzine midzi inopararira pamusoro kuti itore mvura yakawanda sezvinobvira mushure mekunaya kwemvura shoma.
- Succulent madzinde: Zvinoita senzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura, zvichiita kuti muti wacho urarame kwenguva refu yekusanaya kwemvura.
- Minzwa pachinzvimbo chemashizha: Vanoderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura uye vanobatsira kuratidza chiedza chezuva.
- Waxy cuticle: Inovhara hunde uye inoderedza kubuda kwemhepo.
Physiological Adaptations: Kupona Mumamiriro Ekunze Akanyanya
Kuti vararame nekuoma kwenzvimbo yavo yekugara, cacti vakagadzira nzira dzemetabolism dzinovabvumira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura. Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM).
Kusiyana nemiti yakawanda, cacti Vanovhura stomata yavo husiku kutora carbon dioxide. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuti vadzivise kudikitira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekupisa kwemasikati. Masikati, stomata inoramba yakavharwa uye photosynthesis inoitika uchishandisa CO2 yakachengetwa panguva yehusiku. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani maitiro aya, unogona kuongorora xerophytic zvinomera, iyo inogovera mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa ne cacti.
Kukosha Kweminzwa Nekushanda Kwayo
Chimwe chezvakanyanya kusiyanisa maficha ecacti ma spines avo, anoshanda akawanda mabasa:
- Kuderera kwedikita: Nekutsiva mashizha echinyakare, vanoderedza nzvimbo yepamusoro iyo mvura inorasika.
- Dziviriro kubva kune herbivores: Kazhinji dzinopinza uye, kazhinji, dzakaoma kutsenga, dzinodzivisa mhuka.
- Thermal regulation: Dzimwe mhuka dzine mizongoza inoumba mhepo yakatenderedza chirimwa ichi, ichibatsira kuderedza tembiricha uye kubuda kwemhepo.
- Kutora unyoro: Munzvimbo dzinowanzoita mhute, mizongoza inogona kukonesa mvura uye ichinangidzira kune hunde.
Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve maitiro ekuvachengeta, tarisa gwara redu pa Maitiro ekutarisira diki cactus.
Mvura Yekuchengeta Strategy
Iyo nzira yekuchengetedza mvura ye cacti ndiyo yakakosha pakurarama kwavo murenje. Madzinde avo anogona kukura mushure mekunaya, achitora mvura yakawanda uye kuderedza huwandu hwawo kana mvura iri shoma.
Zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvemhando iyi ndezvi:
- Un saguaros Yakaibva inogona kuchengeta zvinopfuura 750 litita yemvura.
- Zvirimwa zvinogona kurarama nokuda mwedzi uye kunyange makore pasina kuwana kunaya kwemvura nekuda kwenzvimbo dzayo dzemukati.
Kusiyana uye Kugovera
Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, havasi vese macacti vanogara mugwenga chete. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yavo huru yekugara yakaoma, inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana:
- Magwenga: Kufanana neiyo muSonora kana Atacama, uko zvipenyu zvakaita se giant carnegiea (saguaros)
- Tropical Forests: Mamwe marudzi ejenasi rhipsalis kubudirira munzvimbo dzine mwando.
- Nzvimbo dzemakomo marefu: Munzvimbo dzakadai seAndes, mamwe marudzi akakwanisa kujairana nekutonhora kwakanyanya.
Kana iwe uchifarira cacti inokura munzvimbo dzinotonhora, tarisa chinyorwa chedu inotonhora yakasimba cacti.
Ecological Kukosha uye Hukama neMhuka
Cacti inoita basa rakakosha mune yavo ecosystems. Vanopa rubatsiro kune kuchengetedza ivhu, kupa utiziro ku fauna uye kuita tsime rekudya kumhuka dzakawanda.
Kumwe kudyidzana kwakakosha ndeku:
- mhando dzakawanda dze shiri Vanoshandisa hunde dzecacti hombe sematendere.
- ari zviremwaremwa mukume maruva emamwe marudzi ehusiku.
- Dzimwe mhuka, dzakaita semakonzo emugwenga, dzinodya michero yadzo uye zvinhu zvinonaka kuti dziwane mvura.
Kushandiswa Kwevanhu uye Kukosha Kwetsika
Vanhu vakatora mukana wekusiyana-siyana kwecacti kubvira kare:
- Kudyisa: Zvisikwa zvakawanda, senge prickly pear, zvinopedzwa nenzira yemashizha kana michero.
- Mushonga wechivanhu: Vakashandiswa mu phytotherapy kurapa matambudziko ekugaya uye mamiriro eganda.
- Landscaping uye gadheni: Kuramba kwavo uye aesthetics zvakavaita zvinhu zvakakosha mukushongedza.
Cacti vapukunyuki vechokwadi vezvakasikwa, vane zvinoshamisa zvigadziriso izvo zvinovatendera kuti vagare mune imwe yenzvimbo dzine hutsinye papasi. Kugona kwavo kuchengetedza mvura, chimiro chemusana wavo uye metabolism yavo yakasiyana inoita kuti vave boka rinonakidza rezvirimwa kubva kune zvose botanical uye ecological point of view. Pamusoro pekukosha kwavo muzvisikwa, vakakosheswa nevanhu nekuda kwekushandisa kwavo kwakawanda uye mabhenefiti.
