Hazelnut: nguva yekuita fruiting uye kutarisira goho rakabudirira

Hazel (Hazelnut corylus) igwenzi kana muti mudiki unonyanya kukosheswa muchero wawo: hazelnuts. Chirimwa ichi, chakavambwa kare mumagadheni epamba nerekutengesa, chakawana mukurumbira nekuda kwekuoma kwacho, kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kukosha kwekudya kwenzungu dzacho. Pazasi pane dhairekitori rakazara rekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti hazelnuts ibereke michero, iwo akanyanya mamiriro ekukura, mhando dzakanyanya kukosha, kutarisira uye kubata maitiro, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinonakidza uye zvinocherechedzwa mashandisirwo.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti muti wehazelnut ubereke muchero?

Imwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pakati pevaya vanoda kukura iyi mhando ndeyechokwadi nguva inodiwa kuti muti wehazel utange kubereka micheroNepo nguva yekugadzira inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemhando, mamiriro evhu, mamiriro ekunze, uye kutarisirwa kwakaiswa, zvinoonekwa se:

• Hazelnuts inowanzotanga kuburitsa hazelnuts yavo yekutanga pakati pemakore matatu ne3 mushure mekudyara., kana ukatanga kubva paudiki, wakatodzika midzi mienzaniso kana kubva kukireshi.
• Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka uye nekutarisira kwakanaka, mamwe marudzi ekutanga anogona kubereka michero kunyange munguva pfupi pfupi.
• Kukura zvakakwana Panyaya yehazelnuts, inonzwisiswa senguva iyo kugadzirwa kwemichero kunogadzikana uye kusvika pakukwanisa kwayo, inogona kugara pakati pe6 ne8 makore.

Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti kubereka uye nguva kusvika pakukohwa kwekutanga zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakadai semamiriro ekunze, rudzi rwevhu, hutano hwechirimwa, uye maitiro ekutarisira. kusanganisa y kudiridza, pamwe chete nekukume, iyo inokosha mumhando iyi.

Hupenyu kutenderera, maruva uye fruiting

Muti wehazel imhando yakasvibira uye inogara yakasvibira, zvinoreva kuti inogona kurarama kwemakore akawanda, ichibereka michero mwaka wega wega pasina kuda kudyarwa patsva. Kutenderera kwepagore kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei:

• Bloom: Inowanzoitika mukupera kwechando kana kutanga kwechirimo. Muti wehazel unobereka maruva akasiyana echirume neechikadzi pachirimwa chimwechete (monoecious). Maruva echirume ari cylindrical catkins, uye maruva echikadzi maduku maduku matsvuku.
• Pollination: Mhepo inotakura mukume kubva kumaruva echirume kuenda kumaruva echikadzi. kusapindirana Izvo zvakajairika, ndiko kuti, miti mizhinji yehazel haigone kuzvifutisa pachayo, saka zvinodikanwa kuve nemhando mbiri dzakasiyana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyambuka-pollination uye fruiting.
• Chibereko kukura: Mushure mekusangana, hazelnuts inoumba zvishoma nezvishoma munguva yechirimo uye zhizha, ichinyatsoibva mwedzi minomwe kusvika kusere mushure mekutumbuka, izvo zvinowanzoitika mukupera kwezhizha kana kutanga kwekudonha.

Zvinhu zvinofurira hazelnut fruiting

Kubudirira mukugadzirwa kwemichero kunoenderana nekubatanidzwa kwevhu uye mamiriro ekunze uye manejimendi:

• Mamiriro ekunze: Inofarira mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati, ichidzivirira zvese chando chakanyanya uye kupisa kwakanyanya kwenguva refu. Inokura munzvimbo dzine nguva yechando inotonhorera uye muchirimo chiri munyoro. Haikwanise kushivirira tembiricha iri pasi -8°C munguva yechando kana kupfuura 30°C pahwaro hwakasimba muchirimo. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve akanakisa mamiriro ekukura, shanya kupatsanurwa kwemiti yemichero.
• Floors: Inopindirana nemhando dzeivhu dzakasiyana asi inofarira kudzika (kupfuura 50 cm), yakaorera, yakapfava, yakapfava kusvika kuvhuvhu, ivhu rakanyoroveswa nemvura ine pH iri pakati pe5,5 ne7,5. Inokura muvhu revhu, jecha, kana kuti rine mvura.
• Humidity uye kudiridza: Inonyatsonzwa nekusanaya kwemvura. Inoda kudiridza nguva dzose, kunyanya pakati paMay naChikunguru, nguva dzinokosha dzekugadzira michero uye kufutisa. Kushaikwa kwemvura kunogona kukonzera kudonha kwezvibereko nguva isati yakwana uye goho rakaderera. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani nzira yekuvandudza ivhu revhu, ona Nzira yekuvandudza ivhu revhu rekurima.
• Pollination: Kudyara mhando mbiri kana kupfuura dzinoenderana kwakakosha, sezvo ma cultivars mazhinji asingawirirane. Mhepo yakapfava, yakaoma panguva yekutumbuka inofarira mukume; ukuwo, kugara kwemhute uye kunyorova kwenzvimbo kunogona kuderedza fetereza negoho.
• Kuchekerera: Kuchekerera kunofanira kuitwa nemazvo, kunyanya munguva yechando kuitira hutsanana uye kudzidziswa, kudzivirira kucheka kwakanyanya kunogona kunetesa chirimwa uye kuve nzvimbo yekupinda yefungi.

Main mhando uye zvibereko nekufamba kwenguva

Kune akawanda marudzi ehazelnut, imwe neimwe iine hunhu hwakasiyana uye nguva dzekugadzira. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvinosanganisira:

• Negret: Yakanyanya kufarirwa munharaunda yeMediterranean. Inobereka uye inogara kwenguva refu, inosvika makore makumi maviri nemashanu kana kupfuura egoho ne periodic regeneration makore makumi maviri kana matatu ega ega.
• Pauetet: Yakasiyana-siyana, ine nguva dzose yekugadzirwa kusvika pazera remakore gumi nemasere, mushure mokunge simba rayo rinobereka rinotanga kuderera.
• Tonda: Yakakura uye yakakora-shelled, inokosheswa zvakanyanya muItari. Inopinda mukugadzirwa mushure memakore 4-5.
• Ennis: Native kuUnited States, pakati-gobvu goko uye hombe michero.
• Fertile: Mhando yekare kubva kuFrance, muchero wakakora uye wakaungana.

Minda yemazuva ano yekutengeserana inofarira marudzi anobvumira goho rakasimba uye ari nyore kuvandudza kuburikidza nekutarisira masikisi. Izvi zvinobvumira hupenyu hurefu hwechirimwa uye goho rakagadzikana pasina kudiwa kwekudyara zvakare. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvemhando dzakanakisa, shanya gwara rekuchengeta hazelnut.

Kudyara nzira uye kutarisirwa kwekutanga

Kuve nechokwadi chekupinda kwakasimba uye kune hutano mukugadzira, nzira yekudyara uye kutarisirwa mukati memakore mashoma ekutanga akakosha:

1. Sarudzo yenzvimbo: Sarudza nzvimbo yakazaruka ine chiedza chezuva chakanaka uye dziviriro kubva kumhepo yakanyanyisa. Chirimwa chinoda nzvimbo yakakwana kuti chisimbe uye chinogona kusvika pamamita matanhatu pakureba uye dhayamita.
2. Kugadzirira kwevhu: Gomba rinofanira kuva rakafara uye kudzika kudarika midzi yechirimwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kupfumisa ivhu rakabviswa necompost yakakura kana organic fertilizer.
3. Kudyara: Isa muti wehazel kuitira kuti chigadziko chehunde chienzane nevhu. Zadzai uye gadzirai ivhu zvishoma kuti musimudzire midzi.
4. Irrigation: Mugore rekutanga, chengetedza substrate yakanyorova (asi isina mvura) kubatsira chirimwa kuti chigadzirise zvakanaka. Zvadaro, kuderedza kuwanda sezvo mudzi wemidzi inosimbiswa.
5. Kuchekerera zvishoma: Mumakore ekutanga, ita mafomu ekuchekerera kuti upe chimiro uye ubvise matavi akakuvadzwa kana ane chirwere.

Dzivisa kudiridza kana kuumbika kwevhu, sezvo zvose zviri zviviri zvichitadzisa kukura kwemidzi ine utano uye inobereka zvibereko.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Iyo Yekupedzisira Hazelnut Care Guide: Kukura, Kuchekerera, uye Kudzivirira Hazelnuts

Kuenderera mberi nekuchengetedza kuti uwedzere kugadzirwa

Hazelnut imhando yakasimba, asi kuti uwane goho rakawanda uye renguva dzose, kumwe kungwarira kunofanirwa kutorwa:

• Irrigation: Zvakakosha munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Gara uchitarisa hunyoro hwe substrate uye gadzirisa application yako.
• Year Subscriber: Inokurudzirwa kuisa ivhu munguva yechando, isati yamera, kushandisa manyowa, mupfudze wakaora zvakanaka, kana kuti mafetireza akadzikama, ane hanya zvikuru necalcium, potassium, uye phosphorus.
• Maintenance pruning: Bvisa matavi akafa, anorwara, kana akabatana kuti akurudzire chiedza uye mhepo. Kuchekerera zvakanyanya hazvikurudzirwi, sezvo huni hwehazelnut hunoporesa zvisina kunaka uye hunobatwa nefungi.
• Sucker control: Suckers inoonekwa kubva pachigadziko uye inogona kutora simba kubva kune chikuru kugadzirwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzvibvise nguva dzose kunze kwekunge uri kutarisa kudzorera shrub.
• Phytosanitary control: Tarisa zvipembenene zvakaita seaphid, bud moths, uye stink bugs, pamwe nezvirwere zvefungal senge powdery mildew, kuora, uye lichens. Kudzivirira zvipembenene zvakajairika, unogona kubvunza Nzira yekurwisa hazelnut moth.

Kukohwa kweHazelnut: Rini uye Sei Kuzviita

Kukohwa hazelnut Inowanzoitwa mukupera kwezhizha kana kutanga kwekutanga, apo chibereko chakanyatsoibva uye ganda rinotora ruvara rwesinamoni, nyore kuparadzanisa kubva pabazi. Zvinokurudzirwa kukohwa michero panguva yakakodzera, isati yawira pasi, kudzivisa matambudziko ekunyorova uye kurasikirwa kwehutano.

• Hunyoro hwakakwana hunofanirwa kunge huri pakati pe7% ne8%, zvichibvumira kuomeswa kwakanaka uye kuchengetedza kwenguva refu.
• Kukohwa kunogona kuitwa pamagadheni nemuminda midiki yemichero, kana nemichina yakasarudzika muminda yakakura.

Kuomeswa kwakashata kunoguma nemuchero wekutengesa kwakaderera kana kusakodzera kushandiswa kwakananga. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve nzira dzekukohwa, shanya dyara muti wehazelnut.

Ecological zvakanakira uye zvakanakira kurima hazelnut

Muti wehazelnut unomira kunze kwete chete pakugadzirwa kwayo michero. Kuvapo kwayo munzvimbo dzekumaruwa uye dziri pedyo nemaguta kunounza zvakakosha zvezvakatipoteredza:

• Kudzivirira kukurwa kwevhu: Midzi yaro yekusingaperi inokurudzira kuchengetedza ivhu uye inoderedza kukanganisa kwemvura pamateru kana nzvimbo dziri kumucheto.
• Carbon Capture: Semuti unogara wakasvibira, unobatsira pakugadzirisa kabhoni mumhepo kuburikidza nephotosynthesis, kuva mubatsiri mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
• Biodiversity: Inopa pokugara uye chikafu chemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kushiri kusvika kune tupembenene tunodyara mukume.
• Kuchinja: Inokwanisa kumira nemamiriro ezvinhu apo mimwe miti yemichero isingabudiriri, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inobatsira kune nzvimbo dzisingabereki.

Kusiyana-siyana kwekushandiswa uye hutano hwehazelnuts

Hazelnuts inofungidzirwa chikafu chinovaka muviri zvakanyanya uye zvakasiyana-siyana, mune gastronomy uye indasitiri yechikafu. Vanopa mafuta ane hutano, akakwirira biological value mapuroteni, mavitamini (kunyanya E uye C), zvicherwa zvakakosha, uye antioxidants.

• Kushandiswa kwakananga: Mbishi, yakagochwa, mupaste kana pasi.
• Kugadzirira kwemaindasitiri: Chinhu chakakosha mukubika, confectionery, uye kugadzirwa kwecocoa inopararira.
• Hazelnut mafuta: Yakabviswa uye inoyemurwa nekunaka kwayo uye kushandiswa kwayo muindasitiri yezvizoro.
• Hutano: Inobatsira kuderedza cholesterol, inodzivirira chirwere chemwoyo uye inopa simba rakasimba.

Kudyiwa zvine mwero kwehazelnuts kunorwisa kudzimbirwa uye kuneta uye kunobatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakaita seosteoporosis uye arthritis.

Matambudziko akajairika uye mamwe mazano

• Hazelnuts inonzwa nekusanaya kwemvura uye munyu, saka zvakakosha kudzora kudiridza uye kudzivirira ivhu rine munyu wakawandisa.
• Dzivisa kuchekerera zvakanyanya, sezvo huni husina kunyanya kurwisana nekucheka kukuru uye hunogona kufambisa kupinda kwefungi. Kana kuchekerera kuchidikanwa, chengetedza kucheka nemastic kana kuporesa zvigadzirwa.
• Chengetedza kunyanya kubereka uye ivhu pH, sezvo yakawandisa inoshanda limestone inogona kukonzera chlorosis (yellow yemashizha).
• Tarisa twupukanana nezvirwere uye pindura nekukurumidza kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvaonekwa. Kuti udzidze maitiro ekuona zvirwere, senge, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza nyanzvi.

Hazelnuts chirimwa chehukuru hwezvakatipoteredza, zvehupfumi, uye kukosha kwekudya. Kunyangwe ivo vachida moyo murefu uye kutarisirwa kwekutanga, vanopa mubayiro negoho renguva dzose uye michero inogona kushandiswa kakawanda. Nekubatanidzwa kwakasiyana kwakasiyana, manejimendi ane hunyanzvi, uye kusarudzwa kwesaiti kwakaringana, kurimwa kwehazelnut kunogona kuramba kuchibereka kwemakumi emakore uye kunopa sosi yakatsiga yenzungu kuti udye wega kana kumusika.