Gypsophila paniculata: Gypsophila paniculata: gwara rakazara rekutarisira, kurima, uye kushandiswa kwegypsophila kana bridal veil.

Gypsophila paniculata, inonyanya kuzivikanwa se paniculata, bridal veil, gore, furo jena, kana gisophila, ndechimwe chezvinomera zvinokosheswa zvekushongedza maruva nekurima. Maruva ayo machena maduku-tete—uye, mune mamwe marudzi, epingi—anopa kupenya, vhoriyamu, uye kubata kwechinyakare kuzvose zviri zviviri bouquets nemapindu ane minda. Kana iwe wakambozvibvunza nezve kwakabva, kurimwa, kutariswa chaiko, mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa, kana kukosha kwayo kwekushongedza, heino dhairekitori rakazara uye razvino-kusvika-zuva rekutsvaga zvese zvakavanzika zverudzi urwu, zvinoshuviwa nevose vanodzidzira uye nyanzvi.

Gypsophila paniculata: mavambo, taxonomy uye botanical maitiro

Gypsophila paniculata ndezvemhuri CaryophyllaceaeNemhando dzinopfuura mazana matatu mukati meiyo genus Gypsophila, iyo gypsophila pasina mubvunzo ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando pasi rese. Inowanzo kugoverwa pakati nepakati uye kumabvazuva kweEurope, pakati peAsia, Siberia, uye North Africa, zvichiita kuti chirimwa chikwanise kuchinjika kune akasiyana ivhu uye mamiriro ekunze.

• Zita resainzi: Gypsophila paniculata
• Mazita akajairika: Paniculata, bridal veil, gore, furo jena, gisophila
• Mhuri: Caryophyllaceae
• Mavambo: Central uye Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Siberia uye North Africa
• Masuo: Perennial herbaceous chirimwa chiri pakati pe90 ne120 cm kureba (chinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekutarisira uye kwakasiyana)

Pakati peayo makuru botanical maitiro ndeaya:

• Estate: Midzi yayo yakadzika, ine vertical rhizome kubva kune yakawanda, yakasimba midzi inobuda, inosvika kusvika mamita maviri kudzika uye matatu masendimita mukobvu. Izvi zvinozvipa kushivirira kunoshamisa kwekusanaya kwemvura uye kugona kutora kudya muvhu risina kunaka.
• Hunde: Kunyanya kune huni pachigadziko, chakamira uye chine matavi akanyanya. Iine mapazi masere eparutivi pazinde guru.
• Mapepa Yakatarisana, lanceolate, glaucous-girini muruvara uye inoda kusvika masendimita manomwe kureba.
• Maruva: Inflorescences mu panicles inoumbwa nemazana emaruva madiki 3 kusvika 10 millimeters muhupamhi, kunyanya chena, kunyange kune mamwe marudzi akasanganiswa anopa pink shades kana maruva maviri.
• Hupenyu: Mukurima kwehunyanzvi kunogona kuita segore kana kusingaperi, zvichienderana nemhando uye tsika dzetsika.

Paniculata marudzi: makuru cultivars uye mavara

Kuvandudzwa kwemarudzi matsva kwaita kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa ruvara, chimiro, uye nguva ye inflorescences. Mamwe emhando dzinozivikanwa uye dzinorimwa zvakanyanya muchikamu chekushongedza ndeidzi:

• Bristol Fairy: Madiki, semi-kaviri machena maruva, ekutanga uye anobereka kwazvo. Yakakurumbira nokuda kwemaruva akachekwa.
• Perfect: Ruva kaviri, jena uye rakakura kupfuura Bristol Fairy.
• Dana: Diki, rakajeka kwazvo ruva, kunyangwe pamberi peBristol Fairy.
• flamingo: Diki pink ruva, shoma yakasimba uye ine simba kupfuura marudzi machena.
• Pink Fairy: Kaviri, ruva repingi.
• Gungwa Dzvuku: Ruva kaviri mune yakanyanya pink hue.
• Mamirioni Nyeredzi: Duva diki, rinokurudzirwa kune bouquets nekuda kwekuwanda kwemaruva.
• Mamwe marudzi: Kinko, Arbel, Tavor, Golan, Gilboa, Compacta Plena, Pink Star, Rosy Veil, pakati pevamwe.

Mazhinji emhando idzi dzakasarudzwa, kuburikidza nemitsara yakasanganiswa, yavo kushorwaake maruva akawanda uye nemataera akasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvevanyanzvi vefloriculture.

Nguva uye nguva yekutumbuka kweGypsophila paniculata

Natural maruva yegypsophila inoitika muzhizha muNorthern Hemisphere, kazhinji kubva munaJune kusvika Nyamavhuvhu. Zvisinei, kushandisa nzira dzeunyanzvi dzekurima —zvakadai sekudziyisa nekudzora mafotoperiod — zvinokwanisika kukohwa maruva gore rose. Kupinzwa kwemaruva kwakanaka kunowanikwa nemaawa gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemasere ekuvhenekera (zvakasikwa kana zvekugadzira) uye kudziya kwemasikati kwe12 kusvika 18 ° C, kunyange zvazvo chirimwa chinoshivirira kusvika ku15 ° C nekudiridza kwakakwana.

Munzvimbo dzinodziya, maruva anogona kurebedzwa kana kuitika muzvikamu zvakati wandei gore rose, nepo munzvimbo dzinotonhora chirimwa chinopinda muvegetative dormancy kana kufa kana tembiricha yadzika pasi pe 0 ºC.

Kushongedza uye kushongedza kushandiswa kwegypsophila

• Cheka ruva: Uku ndiko kushandiswa kwayo kwekutanga. Hunde dzayo dzinowedzera vhoriyamu, kupenya, uye magadzirirwo kune bridal bouquets, centerpieces, uye marudzi ese emaruva marongero, ese ari manyoro uye akaomeswa.
• Gardens uye flowerbeds: Inogona kushandiswa imwe chete, mumapoka, kana semashure kuratidza mamwe marudzi emaruva. Yakanakira miganhu, ane mavara flowerbeds, rockeries, uye kunyange yekuvhara materu.
• Maruva akaomeswa: Maruva ayo maduku anonyatsochengetedzwa mushure mekuoma, achibvumira kuti ashandiswe mukugadzirisa kwenguva refu.
• Kushongedza kwemukati kunozadzisa: Yakanyanya kukoshesa mu minimalist uye vintage nziyo, pamwe nezviitiko, michato uye mhemberero.
• Mamwe mazita ekutengeserana: "Baby's Breath" munyika dzinotaura Chirungu; muGermany, semuenzaniso, izwi rekuti "Rosenschleier" kana "Rosy Veil" rinoshandiswa kune mamwe marudzi akasanganiswa.

Edaphoclimatic zvinodiwa: Ndekupi kwekudyara gypsophila?

• Chiedza: Chirimwa chemazuva mazhinji. Inoda zuva rakazara kuti ikure zvakanaka uye itumbuke zvakanyanya. Inotambura kana yakura mumumvuri kana munzvimbo dzine chiedza chakaderera.
• Kupisa: Optimum iri pakati pe15 ne25 ºC. Inobvumira kupisa kwakanyanya kana iine mvura yakakwana, asi haina kuramba chandoPazasi pe0 ºC, chirimwa chinogona kufa kana kupinda mudormancy yakadzika.
• Humidity: Inofarira nzvimbo dzakaoma kana idzo dzine hunyoro hwepakati (pakati pe60 ne80%). Kunyanya kunyorova kunofadza zvirwere zvefungal.
• Substratum: Inojairana nevhu rakapfava, rakareruka, jecha, rakarukwa kana rine silty, chero bedzi vaine mvura yakanaka uye pH ye6,5 kusvika ku7,5. Inonzwa kune salinity (ivhu harifanire kudarika conductivity yemagetsi ye 2 mmhos / cm²).
• Kudzika kwevhu: Inokura zvakanyanya muvhu rakadzika rinobvumira kuwedzera kwemidzi.
• Organic zvinhu: Inokoshesa mipiro yecompost yakaora zvakanaka kana kuti peat kuti ivhu rive risina kunaka uye rikurudzire maruva.

Kukura uye kutarisira Gypsophila paniculata mubindu uye mumapoto

1. Nzvimbo uye chiedza kuratidzwa

Isa iyo gypsophila munzvimbo ine zuva, yakavhenekerwa kune yakananga mwenje kweakawanda ezuva. Munzvimbo dzekupisa kwakanyanya, mumvuri wakajeka unogona kupihwa masikati kuti udzivise kupisa kwezuva, asi kazhinji, kubuda kwezuva zvachose kunoongwa.

2. Ivhu rakanaka uye substrate

• Ivhu rakadzika, rakapfava rakapfuma muorganic matter.
• Dzivisa ivhu rinorema, rine clayey, rinochengeta mvura uye rinopisa midzi.
• Yakakosha drainage: Wedzera jecha rakakora, perlite kana matombo kuti uve nechokwadi chekudonha kwemvura nekukurumidza.
• Iyo pH ye substrate inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pakati pe6,5 ne7,5.
• Muhari, shandisa light universal substrate, yakafumiswa ne organic matter uye perlite kana yakafanana pamvura.

3. Kudiridza

• Kudiridza zviri pakati nepakati asi kakawanda. Izvo hazvidi kuwanda kwemvura, asi zvinoda kugara uchichengetedza hunyoro hwenguva dzose uye kudzivirira kushushikana kwemvura.
• Dzivisa kuvhara kwemvura, sezvo mvura yakawandisa inokonzera kuora kwemidzi uye kukura kwefungi.
• Muzhizha, mvura 3 kusvika 4 pavhiki, nguva dzose ichibvumira nzvimbo yepamusoro kuti iome zvishoma pakati pemvura.
• Munguva yechando, kuderedza kudiridza kusvika kudiki kana chirimwa chikaenda chakarara.
• Mumazuva mashomanana ekutanga mushure mekudyara, zvakanakisisa kusarudza kudiridza micro-sprinkler kudzivirira kupera kwemvura yemadzinde nekucheka.

4. Kusvirana nembeu

• Paniculata inoda zvine mwero mune zvinovaka muviri, kunyanya mumwedzi isati yasvika uye panguva yekutumbuka.
• Usati wadyara: Wedzera manyowa akakura kana kuti organic fertilizer sehwaro. Kuisa fetereza nefotereza inononoka kuburitsa kunovandudza kudzika midzi.
• Munguva yekukura kutenderera: Isa mafetireza emvura kumvura yekudiridza mazuva gumi nemashanu ega ega panguva yezvinomera uye maruva.
• Foliar fertilization ne gibberellins Inogona kukurudzira kureba kwedzinde uye kuita maruva, kunyanya muzvirimwa zvehunyanzvi.
• Kukurudzira kwakawanda kuti ivhu rive pakati nepakati:
  • N (nitrogen): 2-3 g/m² in vegetative stage; 2-2,5 g/m² padanho rekubereka
  • P₂O₅: 1,5-2,5 g/m² vegetative; 0,5-1 g/m² kubereka
  • K₂O: 2-2,5 g/m² muzvikamu zvose
  • Zvinokosha trace elements: magnesium, iron, manganese, zingi, mhangura uye boron, kunyanya kana ivhu risina kunaka.

5. Maintenance: kuchekerera, kudzidzisa uye kubvisa bud

• Kudzidzisa: Mumhando dzakareba kana mbesa dzemhando yepamusoro, isai trellis net pahurefu hwakasiyana (30, 60 ne90 cm) kuti dzisimudzire madzinde akatwasuka uye kudzivirira kugara kwemapazi anotumbuka.
• Kuchekerera: Dimbura madzinde makuru kana asvika 15-20 cm kuti usimudzire kumera kwakatarisana nekuwanda kwemaruva.
• Itai kubvisa bud mavhiki 2-3 mushure mekubukira, bvisa nhungirwa dzisina kusimba kana dzisina kuwanikwa padzinde dzechipiri kana dzepamusoro.
• Mushure mekukohwa kana maruva makuru, chenesa korona uye chekerera zvakakwana. Izvi zvinokurudzira maruva echipiri kana mamiriro achibvumira.

6. Kuwanda kwezvinomera uye kuparadzira

• Zvekucheka: Inonyanya kushandiswa mumiti yakasarudzwa kuchengetedza maitiro ezvakasiyana-siyana.
• Shandisa 7 kusvika 10 cm materminal cuttings ane mapeya matatu emashizha. Bvisa mashizha ezasi uye uise zvidimbu mumvura kana jecha rakanyorova, zvichida kushandisa hormone ye rooting (indole-butyric acid kana yakafanana).
• Kudyara midzi kunotora mavhiki matatu kusvika mana, kuchengetedza hunyoro hwepamusoro kuburikidza nekudiridzira nemumhute.
• Kuparadzira kunogonawo kuitwa nembeu, mumarudzi egore negore, kudyara mumatsutso kana matsutso zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze emunharaunda.
• Dzimwe mhando dzakasanganiswa dzinowedzerwa nekubatanidza paG. paniculata ane makore maviri, kunyanya mumitsetse ine maruva maviri.
• Micropropagation ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai Yakachengeterwa kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kwekutengesa.

Matambudziko akajairika: zvipembenene uye zvirwere zvegypsophila

Zvipembenene zvakajairika muGypsophila paniculata

• Vacheri vemashizha (Liriomyza trifolii): Vanobudisa maberere mumashizha, vachinetesa chirimwa. Iwe unogona kuvadzivirira nemisungo yekromotropic yero uye kubvisa sora. Biological control with Dacnusa sibirica o Diglyphus isaea.
• Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum): Inowanzoonekwa pa25 ° C, inokonzera makwapa eyero uye kusvava. Kudzora nechromotropic misungo uye biological control nekuburitsa Encarsia formosa o Amblyseius swirskii.
• Makonye emumhepo nevhu (Heliothis armigera, Spodoptera, Agriotes lineatus, Agrotis…): Kukuvadza kubva pakurumwa uye kurwiswa pamidzi uye mutsipa wechirimwa. Kudzivirira kushandisa greenhouse netting, pheromone traps, uye kushandiswa kwe Bacillus thuringiensis.
• dandemutande dzvuku (Tetranychus urticae): Munzvimbo dzakaoma, mavara eyero uye cobwebs zvinoonekwa pamashizha. Izvi zvinogona kudzorwa nekuwedzera humidity uye kushandisa sulfur-based products kana kushandisa mhuka dzinodya nyama dzakadai Phytoseiulus persimilis.
• Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis): Vanosiya makwapa machena pamashizha netumakwapa tutema. Blue inonamira misungo uye kusunungurwa kwe Amblyseius swirskii u orius.
• Aphid (Myzus persicae, Aphis…): Kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze anodziya uye mukati menguva yese. Vanokonzera kupera simba, kutsvuka, huchi, uye kufambisa kukura kwefungi. Kudzora kuburikidza nedziviriro matanho, biological control (Adalia bipunctata, Aphidius colemani) uye kurapwa kwemakemikari kunoenderana.
• Slugs uye hozhwa: Vanogona kurwisa nhungirwa diki, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine hunyoro.

Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvefungal uye mabhakitiriya

• Rhizoctonia solani: Inokonzera kuora kwemutsipa nemidzi patembiricha iri pakati pe15 ne20°C. Inogona kudzivirirwa nemvura yakafanira, kudyara kusina kudzika, kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya utachiona, uye maturusi akachena.
• Powdery mildew (Erysiphae sp.): Inorwisa munzvimbo dzakaoma uye tembiricha ye20-25°C. Inoratidzika sewhite mycelium pamashizha, ayo anoshanduka yero uye anodonha. Kudzora kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekufefetedza, kubviswa kwekuputika, uye nemishonga yesarufa.
• Phytophthora spp.: Inokonzera kusvava, kuora korona, uye kurasikirwa kukuru, kunyanya pakupisa kwe25-30 ° C uye hunyoro hwepamusoro. Kudiridza zvishoma, kushandisa zvisina kusvibiswa substrates nemvura, uye kurapa nefungicides kana zvichidikanwa zvinokurudzirwa.
• Pythium spp.: Nengozi kwazvo panguva yekusimwa, inokonzera kunyorova uye kufa kwembeu. Dziviriro yekudzivirira kuburikidza nekuuraya utachiona.
• Fusarium sp.: Hovha inotakurwa nevhu inoomesa nekutsemura madzinde nemidzi. Kudzivirira nehutsanana uye kushandisa disinfected substrates.
• Erwinia herbicola: Utachiona hunokonzera midzi negotsi. Kudzora nekubvisa zvirimwa zvinorwara, uchishandisa mhangura, uye nekupa mishonga yekudzivirira inodzivirira.
• Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Phoma: Zvinokonzera kuora uye kusvibiswa pamadzinde mushure mekuchekerera kana mumamiriro ezvinhu ane mwando wakanyanya. Kufefetedza uye kubvisa tsvina yezvirimwa kwakakosha.

Kudyara, kuchengetedza uye kukohwa maitiro mukurima kwehunyanzvi

• Kudyara: Inokurudzirwa pamibhedha kana mibhedha 0,9 kusvika 1 mita yakafara, yakaparadzana 0,4–0,5 metres. Kudyara density: 5 zvirimwa / m²², yakarongwa mumitsara yakadzama. Isa mafetireza anononoka kubuda.
• Kuchekerera uye budding: Kupinza matipi kunokurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemashure ekupfura; inobvisawo madzinde matete.
• Kudzidzisa: Isa mambure panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti madzinde akure akatwasuka uye kuti asaturike.
• Hormonal mishonga: Gibberellins inoshandiswa pachiyero chinokurudzirwa kana chirimwa chine mashizha makumi maviri (kana 20 cm nhungirwa) inosimudzira maruva uye kurebesa madzinde.
• Kuchekerera: Mushure mekukohwa, kuchekerera kwakanyanya kunokurudzira maruva matsva. Shandisai fungicides kudzivirira zvirwere.
• Kukohwa: Cheka madzinde apo inflorescence ine 40-50% yemaruva ayo akazaruka. Shandisa chigero chine disinfected uye cheka madzinde kusvika 65-75 cm (kana kureba kwaidiwa), beveled uye kupeperetswa nemapazi, zviri nani mumangwanani kana masikati. Quality grading inobva pakureba, uremu, kuvhurwa kwemaruva, uye kusavapo kwekukuvadzwa.
• Postharvest: Gypsophila inonyanya kunetseka kune ethylene. Silver thiosulfate kana 1-MCP inokurudzirwa kurebesa hupenyu hwesherufu uye kudzivirira kudzikira. Chengetedza madzinde muine acidified solution pa 0,5-2 ° C uye 80-90% humidity kwemazuva asingapfuuri masere.
• Commerce mharidzo: Mabouquets akaputirwa mumapepa kana kuiswa muvharo. Iwo akaiswa mumabhokisi emakadhibhokisi, achichinjanisa inflorescences kudzivirira kukuvara.

Mazano ekuwedzera hupenyu uye ruvara rwegypsophila seruva rakachekwa

• Isa madzinde mumvura ine maruva anochengetedza pakarepo mushure mekucheka.
• Shandura mvura iri muvhasi maawa makumi mana nemasere ega ega uye cheka 48 cm kubva pasi pemadzinde nguva yega yega kudzivirira kutapukirwa uye kuvharika kwevascular system.
• Dzivisa kuisa mabhouquets pedyo nepanopisa, mumhepo, kana muchiedza chezuva chakareba.
• Gypsophila inogonawo kuomeswa nyore nyore nekurembedza madzinde kumusoro pasi munzvimbo ine mhepo, ine rima.

Curiosities, chiratidzo uye zvinoreva Gypsophila paniculata

• Inofananidzira kuchena, kusava nemhosva, mufaro uye nekusingaperi., ndicho chikonzero nei yakakurumbira mumaruva emuchato uye mhemberero dzemhuri.
• Mumutauro wemaruva, gypsophila inopa nyore, rudo rusingagumi, uye kudzivirira.
• Mukurapa kwechivanhu, mamwe marudzi erudzi urwu akashandiswa se expectorants, uye muindasitiri yezvizoro, nekuda kwemasaponins avo (usambodya pasina kutariswa kwechiremba). Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana zvimwe nezve kukosha kwavo pa ( https://www.jardineriaon.com/meaning-and-secrets-of-the-bridal-veil-flower-history-symbolism-and-complete-care.html).
• Mune tsika dzakawanda, inozivikanwawo se "bridal cloud" kana "bridal illusion." Zita rokuti paniculata rinoreva kurongeka kwemaruva ayo.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve kukura nekuchengeta Gypsophila paniculata

• Inogona kurimwa muhari here? Hongu, chero bedzi midziyo yakadzika, ma substrates akareruka, uye kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunobhadharwa kune mvura.
• Inokodzera mapindu akaoma here? Imhando yakakwana ye xeriscapes uye yekubatanidza nelavender, roses uye mamwe akadzika-mvura perennials.
• Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei maruva kubva pakudyara? Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, pakati pemasvondo gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri kubva pakumera kana midzi yekucheka.
• Inobvumira kuchekerera kwakakomba here? Ehe. Gypsy gypsy inopindura zvakanaka kuchekerera mushure memaruva uye inogona kutumira nhungirwa nyowani.
• Chii chaunofanira kuita kana mashizha akaita yero? Inogona kunge iri nekuda kwemvura yakawandisa, kushaikwa kwezvinovaka muviri, kana kuvapo kwezvipembenene. Gadzirisa madiridziro, isa fetereza, uye tarisa mamiriro echirimwa.

Muchidimbu kuenzanisa nemamwe marudzi eiyo genus Gypsophila

• Gypsophila elegans: Gore negore, nemaruva maduku uye pfupi pfupi, inoshandiswawo seruva rakachekwa. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve chiratidzo chayo uye nehanya, shanya Gypsophila bridal veil.
• Gypsophila muralis: Yakaderera uye inokambaira, yakanakira rockeries.
• Gypsophila inodzokorora: Kukura kunokambaira uye maruva machena kana epingi, anoshandiswa sevhavha yepasi muAlpine gardens.

Gypsophila paniculata, ingave iwe uchida kuti izadze gadheni rako negore remaruva kana kugadzira maruva marongero ehumwe kunaka, ndeimwe yemhando dzakakosha dzemazuva ano kurima gadheni uye floriculture kune yayo. kushorwaake ethereal runako uye iyo nyore kurimaNeruzivo rwakadzama rwetarisiro yarwo, marudzi, uye zvinetso zvinobvira, unogona kunakidzwa nokutumbuka kwayo kwemakore akawanda, ingave yakakurira muvhu kana muhari, kana kuti seruva rinochekwa kwenguva refu.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Zvinoreva uye zvakavanzika zveBridal Veil ruva: nhoroondo, chiratidzo, uye kutarisirwa kwakakwana