El hazelnut (Hazelnut corylus) igwenzi rinobereka michero rinocherechedzwa uye rinobereka kukosha, rakanakira ese ari maviri magadheni epamba uye minda yenguva dzose, nekuda kwekuenderana kwayo nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana uye marudzi evhu. Kurimwa kwayo kunonakidza nekuda kwekunaka kwemaruva ayo uye mashizha sekugadzirwa kweanochiva hazelnuts, michero yakapfuma mu. zvinovaka muviri y mafuta ane utanoPazasi iwe unowana dhairekitori rakazara pane zvakakosha kuchengetedza hazelnuts kuve nechokwadi chekukura kwavo kwakakodzera, kubereka kwakanyanya uye kurwisa zvipembenene nezvirwere.
General maitiro ehazelnut (Hazelnut corylus)
- Zita rakajairika: Hazel
- Zita resainzi: Hazelnut corylus
- Mhuri: Betulaceae
- Mavambo: Kunyanya nharaunda yeEurasian, ine nhoroondo yekuvapo munzvimbo dzakadzikama dzeAsia Minor neEurope.
- Tanga: Deciduous shrub, dzimwe nguva muti mudiki.
- Hurefu: Pakati pe2 ne7 metres, uye inogona kudarika saizi iyi mumamiriro akanyanya.
- Mapepa Yakakura, yakatenderedzwa, ine mupendero une mazino maviri uye ine ruvara inoshanduka yero isati yadonha.
- Maruva: Maruva echirume mune yero, akarembera makatsi; maruva echikadzi mune zviduku zvitsvuku zvitsvuku. Maruva anotumbuka mukupera kwechando kana kutanga kwechirimo, mashizha asati abuda.
- Muchero: Hazelnut, inowanzoiswa mumapoka, akakomberedzwa negirinhi involucre inooma kana yaibva.
- Nguva refu: Icho chirimwa chakagara kwenguva refu, chine mienzaniso yave iripo kwemazana emakore muminda yechinyakare.
The chechikadzi Corylus Inosanganisira zvinopfuura gumi neshanu marudzi anokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinodziya dzekuchamhembe kwehemisphere, kuva Hazelnut corylus Iyo yakanyanya kurimwa nekuda kwemhando yemuchero wayo uye kuchinjika kwayo. Mhando iyi inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemapoka, hedges kana semuenzaniso wakasarudzika mumagadheni, uye mhando dzayo dzekushongedza dzinofarirwawo, senge pendulous hazel (pendulum) uye hazel ine mashizha egoridhe (yegoridhe).
Nzvimbo yakakodzera uye mamiriro ekunze ehazelnuts
La nzvimbo Kuchengetwa kwemuti wehazelnut kwakakosha pakukura kwayo. Kunyangwe chiri chirimwa chakasimba uye chinochinjika, pakukura kwakasimba uye kuwanda kwemuchero, zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera aya matipi:
- Chiedza: Inofarira nzvimbo dzine zuva, kunyangwe ichibudirirawo muhafu-mumvuri. Munzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru, kudzivirira chiedza kubva kuzuva rakasimba kunobatsira kudzivirira kushushikana kwemvura.
- Nzvimbo: Sezvo muti wehazel uchikwanisa kusvika pamamita manomwe pakureba uye uchikura zvakanyanya nekuda kwebasal nhungirwa kana suckers, zvinokurudzirwa kuudyara pauri. nzvimbo yakakwana, kure nemimwe miti yemakwikwi kana zvimiro zvinoderedza kukura kwayo.
- Mamiriro ekunze: Zvakanyanya kufanira mamiriro ekunze akadzikama, nechando chiri pakati nepakati uye chirimo chine mwero. Inoshivirira chando, asi kupisa kwakanyanya kuderera kunogona kukanganisa kumera uye kugadzirwa kwemichero.
- Humidity: Nzvimbo ine mwando wepakati nepakati inofarira budiriro uye mukume. Mhepo dzakapfava dzinobatsira, sezvo dzichitakura mukume, asi mhepo ine simba kana mhute inoramba iripo inogona kukanganisa kutumbuka uye kugadzika kwemichero.
Dzivisa kuisa miti yehazelnut munzvimbo iyo mvura inounganidza kana muvhu rakazara nemvura, sezvo inokwanisa kudzika midzi uye zvirwere zvinosanganiswa nekunyorova.
Ivhu nekudyara zvinodiwa
- Substratum: Muti wehazel unoratidza kugona kunoshamisa kujairana nevhu rakasiyana, kunyangwe kukura kwayo kwakanyanya kunoitika munyika. yakadzika, yakaorera, humus-yakawanda uye yakanyoroveswa. Inofarira maumbirwo ari pakati nepakati uye inodzivirira ivhu rejecha uye rinorema ivhu.
- Ideal pH: Pakati pe6 ne7, acidic zvishoma kana kusarerekera. Muvhu rine alkaline zvakanyanya inogona kuvepo kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.
- Kugadzirira kwapfuura: Muminda yenguva dzose, zvinokurudzirwa kurima kwakadzika, kusanganisira organic matter (mupfudze wakakura) uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kugadzirisa kugadzirisa pH usati wadyara.
Kudyara kunonyanya kuitwa panguva yevegetative dormancy, mumatsutso kana munguva yechando, kutora mukana wekuti midzi yemidzi ndeyepamusoro uye haidi makomba akadzika (hapana kupfuura 20 cm), nokudaro kudzivisa ngozi yekudzivirira midzi. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve nzira yekudyara, nzira yekudyara muchero wehazelnut, tarisa chinyorwa ichi.
Kudiridza hazelnut: frequency uye kurudziro
El hazelnut inoda nyika kuti ive nguva dzose yakanyorova asi isina kumbozara mvuraInonyanya kunetseka nekusanaya kwemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudonha kwemaruva uye michero isati yasvika uye kuderedza kukohwa.
- Kudiridza mumbesa nezvirimwa zvidiki: Chengetedza kudiridza nguva dzose mazuva mashoma, kugadzirisa kuwanda zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye rudzi rwevhu. Muchirimo nechirimo, nguva nenguva tarisa hunyoro hwevhu nemvura zvakadzika apo denga repamusoro rinotanga kuoma.
- Kudiridza mumienzaniso yevakuru: Nzvimbo kunze kwekudiridza asi wedzera huwandu, kunyanya panguva yekuoma uye kupisa kwakanyanya. Matekiniki akadai sekudiridza kana mabhegi ekudiridza anobvumira kudiridza kwakanaka uye kwakafanana, kuderedza kunyungudika uye kukurudzira kunyura nemidzi yehazelnut.
- Dzivisa mafashamo: Iva nechokwadi chokuti ivhu rinoyerera zvakanaka uye usambodiridza kana ivhu richiri kunyorova.
Dzivisa kugara uchidiridza zvisina kudzika, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwemidzi isina kudzika, shoma isinganaye mvura. Kudiridza kwakawanda, kwakaparadzana-kunze kunodiwa.
Kuisa fetereza uye kuisa fetereza ma hazelnuts
La kusanganisa chinhu chakakosha pakuwana miti ine hutano uye inobereka hazelnut. Hazelnut miti inonyanya kuda calcio, pasina kuregeredza kugoverwa kwakadzikama kwenitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, uye magnesium. Itai kuti fetereza ienderane nemamiriro evhu uye zvinodiwa nechirimwa.
- Organic fertilizer: Isai mupfudze wakaora zvakanaka muvhu makore maviri oga oga, kunyanya mukudonha.
- Mineral fertilizer: Iwe unogona kushandisa mineral fertilizer panguva nhatu dzinokosha: panguva yekutanga budding, mushure mekugadzirwa kwemaruva, uye mushure mekukohwa.
- Nhungamiro zviyero (kuminda yenguva dzose):
- 350-400 kg/ha ye calcium ammonium nitrate (26%) mumipiro mikuru mitatu.
200-250 kg/ha ye potassium sulphate.
- 250-350 kg / ha ye calcium superphosphate (18%).
- 100-200 kg / ha ye magnesium sulfate.
Gadzirisa huwandu uhu kuti huenderane nezvinodiwa nebindu rako kana bindu rako, uchiongorora ongororo yevhu kuti usawedzere fetereza. - Calcareous amendments: Kana ivhu riine acidic, wedzera lime yekurima kuchengetedza yakakwana pH.
- Mulching: A layer ye organic mulch muchirimo inobatsira kuchengetedza hunyoro uye kuderedza makwikwi emasora.
Yakakurudzirwa marudzi ehazelnut
Kubudirira kwemunda kunotsamira zvakanyanya pane sarudzo yemhando uye dhizaini yekudyara kuti ive nechokwadi chekukumedza mukume, sezvo hazel iri mhando isingadyidzana.
- Mhando dzepasi rose: Negreta, Gironella, Pauetet, Osu 43-58, Ennis, Buttler, Tonda di Gifoni.
- Mhando dzemunharaunda: Casina, Grande, Espinaredo, Quirós uye Amandi, kunyanya inokurudzirwa kuchamhembe kwePeninsula.
- Pollination: Dyara mhando dzakati wandei dzinoenderana dzakaiswa mumitsara kana kuchinjisa sampuli, uchigovera 15-20% yemunda kune vanotakura mukume kukurudzira kurongeka kwemichero.
- Ornamental marudzi: Pendula (yakarembera kukura), Aurea (goridhe mashizha), pakati pevamwe.
Hazelnut kudzidzisa uye kuchekerera system
La kuchekerera Izvo zvakakosha kudzora saizi, kukurudzira aeration uye mwenje, uye kurebesa hupenyu hunobereka hwemuti wehazel.
- Kudzidziswa: Miti yehazelnut inogona kudzidziswa mumakwenzi (miti yakawanda) kana mumavhasi mashoma kubva pahunde imwe chete, iyi nzira inosarudzwa kuitira nyore kubata nekukohwa.
- Kugadzira kutema: Mumakore maviri ekutanga mushure mekudyara, chekerera mbeu kusvika kureba 40-50 cm uye sarudza matavi makuru matatu kusvika mashanu.
- Maintenance pruning: Kubva pakutanga kwekudzidziswa, nguva nenguva bvisa matavi akaoma, akakuvadzwa, akayambuka kana akawandisa anoyamwa kuitira kuti chiedza chipinde uye kudzivirira zvirwere.
- Rejuvenation pruning: Mumiti yakakura yehazel, kuchekerera kwakanyanya kwechikamu chakakosha chezvinomera kunokurudzira kusunungurwa kwemapfuti madiki uye kunowedzera hupenyu hunobudirira.
- Nguva yekucheka: Ita kuchekerera kukuru munguva yechando, panguva yekumira kwezvinomera, uye chiedza-kubata-ups mushure mekukohwa.
Zvipembenene zvakajairika uye zvirwere muhazelnuts
Kunyangwe ichipikisa, muti wehazel unogona kukanganiswa nezvipembenene zvakasiyana uye pathologies:
- Zvipembenene zvikuru: Zvipembenene, hove, bud moth, hazelnut worm, mites uye wood borer (zeuzera).
- Zvirwere: Powdery mildew (mavara machena pamashizha nenhungirwa), kuora kwemidzi, lichens uye kuomesa bud.
- Kudzora nekudzivirira: Bvisa nemaoko nzvimbo dzakakanganisika, shandisa organic kana yakajairwa chirimwa chekudzivirira zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nekuoma, uye chengetedza muti wehazel wakanyatsofemerwa uye uchipihwa chikafu chekudzivirira kukuru.
- Matanho etsika: Chengetedza ivhu risina tsvina yezvirimwa, chengetedza mwando, uye mamwe mishonga yemakemikari kana zvakakodzera kudzivirira kudzivirira.
Kupararira uye kuwanda kwehazelnut
Hazelnut inogona kuparadzirwa ne:
- Mbeu: Nzira inononoka inoshandiswa kuwana mbeu itsva.
- Rukoko: Inonyanya kushanda, inosanganisira kuviga bazi rakaderera rinozobudisa midzi yaro risati raparadzana kubva kumiti yaamai.
- Graft: Inoshandiswa pane yakasarudzwa rootstocks kuve nechokwadi hunhu hwemhando dzekutengesa.
Nutrients uye zvinobatsira zvehazelnuts
- Mupiro wezvokudya zvinovaka muviri: Hazelnuts ine anopfuura 50% ane hutano mafuta, mapuroteni, shuga, uye zvicherwa zvakaita secalcium uye magnesium.
- Nutritional properties: Iwo akakodzera mubatsiri pakudya, kunyanya kune vanhu vanoshingairaMafuta ayo anoshandiswa muchikafu uyewo muindasitiri mukugadzira pendi nezvizoro.
- Kuchengetedza: Anokohwewa kana goko rashanduka shava uye mushure mekuoma, anochengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma.
Mukuwedzera, mashizha ane mishonga yekurapa uye inogona kushandiswa mukupinza mukushandiswa kwechinyakare.
- Nhoroondo uye zviratidzo: Muti wehazel wave uri chikamu chenyika yeEurope uye tsika kwemazana emakore, inoonekwa sechiratidzo chekubereka uye rudo.
- Kutumbuka kunoshamisa: Makatsi ayo echirume anopa kukosha kwekushongedza mumwedzi isati yasvika.
- Root system: Inoumba midzi isina kudzika asi ine matavi akanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive nehanya nemakwikwi emasora uye nekumwe kushanduka kwemwando.
- Kugadzirwa: Inotanga kubereka michero yemhando yepamusoro mushure memakore matatu kusvika mashanu, ichisvika pakubereka kwayo kwakanyanya makore matanhatu kana manomwe.
- Ornamental uye hedge inoshandisa: Pamusoro pekurimwa kuti ishandiswe, inofarirwa mumagadheni seruzhowa rwakakora kana sechienzaniso chakasarudzika chekunaka kwayo uye rusticity.
Tenzi the Hazelnut care Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti unakirwe yakasimba, yekushongedza, uye inobereka zvakanyanya shrub kana muti kwemakumi emakore, uchiwedzera zvese zviri zviviri nzvimbo uye kukosha kwekudya kubindu rako kana bindu remichero. Nekutevera kurudziro iyi pamusoro penzvimbo, ivhu, kudiridza, fetiraiza, kuchekerera, uye kudzivirira zvipembenene, unenge uine hutano, yakasimba chirimwa chinokwanisa kuburitsa goho rakawanda reanonaka mahazelnuts mwaka nemwaka.