Cacti vakakunda dzimba nemapindu nekuda kwekusimba kwavo kunoshamisa, zvimiro zvepakutanga, uye mavara anokwezva. Asi nekuda kwekuti ivo zvirimwa zvakachinjirwa kumamiriro ekunze asina mvura hazvireve kuti vanogona kusiiwa kumidziyo yavo. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda, Maitiro ekutarisira cactus uye kuita kuti ikure Uine utano uye hwakasimba, unoda zvinopfuura kungonwa mvura pano neapo. Iri gwara rakadzama rinobatanidza ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino uye rwakaratidzwa kubva kune nyanzvi uye hobbyists, inovhara ese akakosha maficha: kubva pakuvhenekesa kusvika pakudyara, substrate, sarudzo yepoto, zvikanganiso zvakajairika, uye nzira dzakanakisa dzekukura nesimba. Iwe unozodzidzawo kudzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere uye kuwedzera maruva.
Mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo yechisikigo yecacti
Kuti unzwisise zvizere zvinodikanwa zvecacti, zvakakosha kuziva mamiriro ekunze mavakashanduka. Semuyenzaniso, saguaros, cactus hombe inozivikanwa, inogara muRenje reSonoran, uko jecha harina kudya kunovaka muviri uye mvura inonaya haina nguva sezvainonaya.
Munzvimbo idzi, mvura inongosvika pane dzimwe nguva dzegore nekuda kwemonsoon phenomenon, iyo inopa kunaya kwakanyanya asi kupfupi uye inowedzera hunyoro hwepakati. Iyi mvura inonaya ndiyo kiyi yekunyungudutsa chikafu chinoshomeka mu substrate, ichibvumira cactus kuti itore uye ikure. Hupenyu hwecactus hunoenderana nekutsungirira kwenguva yakareba yakaoma uye kushandisa zvakanyanya nguva pfupi yekunyorova.
Chii chinodiwa cacti kuti irarame uye ikure?
Kunyangwe ivo vaine mukurumbira wekuramba, cacti inoda imwe kutarisirwa kwakakosha kukudziridza hutano. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi:
- Kuwanda kwezuva: iyo inonyanya kusarudzira hutano hwavo uye kukura.
- Kubvisa substrate: hwaro hwekudzivisa kuora uye zvirwere.
- Kudiridza kwakakodzera: Hazvina zvakawanda kana zvishoma, zvinogara zvichienderana nenguva yegore uye rudzi rwecactus.
- Kupisa: Vanowanzofarira nzvimbo dzinodziya, kunyange zvazvo kune marudzi anodzivisa chiedza chechando.
- Kubhadhara kamwe chete: kunyanya panguva yekukura kwekushanda, inobatsira kusimbisa kukura kwayo uye maruva.
Kukanganwa chero ipi yeaya mapoinzi kunowanzo kutungamirira kumatambudziko, saka zvakakosha kuti utarise kune imwe neimwe, ingave yako cactus idiki kana yatokura kuita munhu mukuru anoshamisa.
Indoor kana kunze cactus? Pakuiisa kuti ikure
Mazhinji cacti anoda chiedza chakawanda kupfuura chinowanikwa mukati. Nzvimbo yakakodzera inzvimbo inopenya zvakanyanya, zviri nani kunze.Kana uchingokwanisa kuzvichengeta mukati, sarudza nzvimbo ine zuva rinonyanya kunaka (mahwindo ekumaodzanyemba kana kumadokero).
Ita kuti cactus yako ijairire zuva: Kana chirimwa chako chakabva munzvimbo yemukati kana ine shaded, usambofa wakachiisa pachena kuchiedza chezuva kamwechete. Tanga neawa imwe pazuva uye wowedzera neawa imwe pavhiki. Kana mavara ebrown, yero, kana matsvuku akaonekwa, deredza kuratidzwa. Chiedza chezuva chakawandisa panguva imwe chete chinogona kukonzera kupisa kusingagadzirike.
Kunze, nyatsoteerera panguva yekupisa kwemafungu kana chando chakanyanya, sezvo mamwe marudzi anogona kukanganiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Substrate: kiyi kune ine hutano cactus
Iyo substrate yakakosha kune hutano hwecacti nekuti inosarudza huwandu hwemvura inosara pedyo nemidzi. Cacti inoda ivhu rakasununguka, rine mhepo, uye rinoyerera zvakanaka.Munzvimbo yavo yekugara, jecha rinochengeta inenge isina mvura, saka midzi yakajaira kuoma nokukurumidza mushure memvura.
Yakakurudzirwa substrate mabikirwo ecacti:
- 2 zvikamu zvepasirese substrate kana dema peat
- 1 chikamu coarse rwizi kana silica jecha (yakanyatsoshambidzwa, kwete gungwa kana jecha rekuvaka)
- 1 chikamu perlite kana pumice kuti aerate uye kurerutsa substrate
- Optional: 1/4 chikamu chakapwanyika marasha kudzivirira fungi uye mabhakitiriya
- Sarudzo: 1 chikamu chakasimba humus yekuvandudza chimiro uye chikafu chinopa
Kana iwe uchida kushandisa ma substrates akagadzirirwa, inotengeswa "cacti uye succulent" substrates inowanzoshanda zvakanaka, kunyange iwe unogona kuipfumisa nematombo, jecha, uye perlite. Iwe unogona zvakare kubvunza gwara redu re Maitiro ekutarisira diki cactus.
Gara uchidzivirira ivhu remugadheni, ivhu revhu, kana ivhu rine organic zvinhu zvakawandisa, sezvo zvinochengeta mwando uye zvinokurudzira kuora.
Yakakurudzirwa marudzi emapoto ecacti uye nzira yekusarudza yakanaka
La kusarudza poto inokanganisa zvakananga kubudirira kwenguva refu kwecactus yako. Containers inofanira bvumira iyo substrate kuti ibude zvakanaka uye kudzivisa kuunganidzwa kwemvura. Zvishandiso zvakanaka terracotta, ceramic isina kupenya, uye ivhu, izvo zvinofambisa kubuda kwemvura uye oxygenate midzi. Mapoto epurasitiki anokurudzirwa chete kana ane maburi emvura uye asingachengetedze mvura yakawandisa.
- Size Matters: Sarudza poto yakakura zvishoma kudarika bhora remidzi. Nzvimbo yakawandisa inochengetedza hunyoro uye inoisa midzi panjodzi.
- Mapoto asina kudzika: Mazhinji cacti ane midzi isina kudzika uye anokoshesa midziyo yakaderera.
- Zvemhando dzakadzika midzi kana dzakadzika midzi (senge saguaro kana pitaya): shandisa mapoto akareba, akatsiga.
Rangarira kusamboshandisazve hari usina kudziuraya, sezvo dzichigona kutapurira zvirwere. Kuti uwane mamwe matipi, shanyira chikamu chedu nezve mhando dze columnar cacti.
Kangani inofanira kuisirwa cactus uye sei nhanho nhanho?
El kuisa Izvo zvakakosha kuvandudza substrate uye kupa iyo cactus kamuri kuti ikure. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita izvi makore maviri kusvika mana ega ega, zvichienderana nekukura uye huwandu hwemidzi.
- Ideal time: muchirimo kana kutanga kwezhizha, muchikamu chekukura.
- Kugadzirira: Pfeka magirovhosi akakora kana pepanhau kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuminzwa. Dzivisa kudiridza substrate kwemazuva mashoma zvisati zvaitika kuti kubvisa kuve nyore.
- Bvisa cactus: Sunungura hari, ishandure, uye bvisa chirimwa pamwe chete nemidzi bhora rose. Kana yakakurisa, shandisa makadhibhokisi, ma tweezers, kana maturusi akaiswa.
- Bvisa ivhu rekare: Nyatsochenesa midzi, kubvisa marara akasungirirwa uye kucheka chero midzi yakaora kana ukaona iripo.
- Zadza hari itsva: Isa jira rematombo kana ivhu rakawedzerwa pasi, dururira mune imwe substrate itsva, uye isa chirimwa. Zadza substrate, kuvhara midzi zvakanaka asi pasina kuigadzirisa zvakanyanya.
- Usadiridza pakarepo: Mirira mazuva 4-7 musati wadiridza kutanga kubvumira maronda anobvira kupora uye kudzivisa utachiona.
Nzira yekudiridza sei cactus nenzira kwayo?
El Kudiridzira ndicho chinhu chinokonzeresa kukanganisa kwakawanda. Haasi ese cacti anoda huwandu hwakafanana kana ma frequency. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechokusiya omesa substrate zvachose pakati pekudiridza. Kudiridza kana substrate ichiri kunyorova inotungamirira kuora.
Ndeipi frequency inokurudzirwa?
- Chirimo: Kudiridza mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri zvichienderana nerudzi uye kukura kwepoto.
- Zhizha: Zvingada imwe mazuva manomwe kana mana oga oga kana kuchipisa zvikuru, nguva dzose uchitarisa kuti ivhu raoma zvachose.
- Kudonha: zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza, mavhiki ega ega 2-3 zvichienderana nekupisa.
- Chando: Kana kuchitonhora, unogona kudzivirira kudiridza, kana kuderedza kusvika kamwe chete pamwedzi kana zvishoma munzvimbo dzinotonhorera, asi kwete kana paine njodzi yechando. Chirimwa chinoenda chakarara uye chisingadyi chero mvura.
Madiridziro akanakisa ndiwo akadzika: Mvura kusvika mvura yabuda mumakomba ari mupoto uye bvisa chero mvura yakawandisa kubva mupoto. Izvi zvinoita kuti midzi igamuchire hunyoro hwakakwana uye inodzivirira kuvaka kunokuvadza.
El mvura inonaya (yakagadziriswa uye limescale-isina) yakanaka. Kana iwe uine mvura yepombi chete uye yakaoma, shandura nemvura yakasvibiswa kana kuti dzimwe nguva rega mvura igare kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana usati waishandisa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, tarisa peji redu pa kutarisira cacti yakabatanidzwa.
Unoziva sei kana cactus yako inoda mvura? Kana ukaona kuunyana kudiki, kuderera kwehuremu, ruvara rusina kusimba, kana ivhu rakaoma kwazvo, inguva yekudiridza. Asi kana yakapfava, yakatsvuka, yakapenya, kana kubuda mashizha kana madzinde, unogona kunge uri kutambura nekunyorova.
Fertilization uye manyowa: sei uye riini yekushandisa zvinovaka muviri
Munzvimbo yavo yekugara, cacti haigamuchire zvinovaka muviri, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera kukura kwavo uye kutumbuka kwavo isai fetereza chaiyo mumwaka webasa (chirimo nezhizha).
Iyo yakanakisa fetereza imwe yakagadzirirwa cacti uye succulents, zviri nani yakaenzana uye inononoka-kuburitsa. Iwe unogona kushandisa NPK mafomula akadai se5-10-5, 10-10-10, kana kunyange yakanyungudutswa yemvura mafetireza (hafu yedosi yakakurudzirwa).
- Chete panguva yekukura kwekushanda: Fertilize mavhiki matatu-3 ega ega muchirimo uye chirimo. Rega kuisa fetereza mumatsutso nemuchando.
- Usaite fetireza zvirimwa zvichangosimwa: kumirira kana mwedzi.
- Dzivisa kubhadhara zvakanyanya: Kuwedzeredza kunogona kukonzera nyama yakapfava, kukura kusina simba uye tupukanana.
Ndedzipi zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika pakuchengeta cactus?
Kunyange vaya vane ruzivo rwakanyanya vanogona kukanganisa. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvinosanganisira:
- Kudiridza zvakanyanya: chikonzero chikuru chekufa mune yekushongedza cacti.
- Substrate isina kukodzera: shandisa ivhu remugadheni kana misanganiswa yakabatana inochengeta mwando wakawandisa.
- Chiedza chakaderera: zvinokonzera hunde husina simba, kukura zvishoma nezvishoma uye etiolation.
- Fetereza yakawandisa: Inoburitsa nhungirwa isina kusimba uye inofumura cactus kune tupukanana.
- Mapoto asina kukodzera kana akakura zvakanyanya: Vanoteya hunyoro uye vanotadzisa midzi kukura.
- Kutadza kuremekedza nguva dzekuzorora: kunokonzera kushungurudzika uye kunoderedza maruva.
Kuti udzivise zvikanganiso izvi, gara uchitarisa ivhu usati wadiridza, shandisa chaiyo substrate, wedzera fetireza kana yaibva chete, uye tungamira kupenya kwakanyanya kwechisikigo.
Kutarisira diki cacti: zvinodiwa uye peculiarities
ari diki cactus Vanoda kupururudzwa kwakafanana kune vanhu vakuru, asi nezvimwe zvakasiyana:
- Zvimwe zvekuchengetedza substrate: zviri nani nechikamu chiduku che humus kana peat kuchengetedza unyoro hwakakodzera.
- Kudiridza kazhinji asi zvine mwero: Mapoto madiki anooma nekukurumidza, asi usambodiridza kana iyo substrate isina kuoma.
- Dziviriro yekupiswa nezuva: zvishoma nezvishoma jaira kutungamirira chiedza.
- Kugara uchiongorora tumbuyu: Miti midiki inonyanya kukwezva mealybugs uye hove.
Kuchengeta kwevakuru, maruva, uye gadheni cacti
Vakuru vakasimwa muvhu vanoda kutariswa kushoma, asi:
- Gadzirira gomba 1x1m nematombo uye substrate yemvura kana ivhu rako remubindu riri clayey kana kuchengetedza mvura.
- Idiridza muzhizha kana kuine kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya, kunyanya kana ukaona makwinya kana kushaya turgor.
- Fertilize zvishoma muchirimo kusimudzira maruva uye kukura kwakasimba.
- Panguva yemaruva, shandisa fetiraiza yakawanda mu potassium uye phosphorus. kuwedzera uye kusimbisa nzira.
Nzira yekuziva uye kupindura kune cactus zvipembenene nezvirwere
Kuongororwa kwakanaka kwekutanga kunoponesa hupenyu hwecactus yako. Pakati pe tupukanana twakawanda Ndizvo:
- Tsvuku tsvuku: mhute dzinosiya dandemutande nemavara akacheneruka.
- Cottony mealybug: machena, makwapa ekotoni pahapwa uye nhungirwa.
- Snails uye slugs: Dzinomedza nhengo dzakapfava, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mwando.
Kuti uzvibvise, shandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene kana mishonga yeorganic yakadai semafuta emuneem kana sipo yepotassium, uye bvisa chirimwa kana utachiona hwapararira. Nguva dzose tarisa pasi pehunde uye pakati pembabvu.
ari kazhinji kacho zvirwere Izvo zvinokonzerwa nefungi:
- Botrytis: grey mold mushure memvura kana hunyoro hunoramba huripo.
- Kuora: midzi yakapfava kana tsinde, ruvara rwakasviba kana kunhuhwirira kwakashata (phytophthora, fusarium, nezvimwewo).
- Ngura: orenji kana makwapa matsvuku pamusoro.
Ita nekukurumidza: mira kudiridza, bvisa iyo ine hutachiona substrate, uye ubate neimwe fungicide. Kana kuora kukaramba kuchiwedzera, cheka chikamu chine utano wodyarazve mushure mekunge ronda raoma.
Vanoda kudzivirirwa kubva kuchando kana chando here?
Mazhinji cacti anoshivirira madiki echando kana ari mapfupi uye achiteverwa nekukwira kwekushisa, asi Yakawanda haigoni kumira tembiricha iri pasi pe0-2 ºC kwenguva yakareba.Mhuka dzemumakomo dzinogona kuramba dzichipokana, asi columnar kana tropical cacti inonyanya kunzwa.
- Munzvimbo dzinotonhora: Chengetedza cacti yako nemavharo, magumbeze anopisa, kana kuti uendese kunzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa kana paine njodzi yechando chakanyanya.
- Dzivisa kudiridza munguva yechando: mwando wakasanganiswa nechando unouraya.
- Ventilate greenhouses uye sunrooms zvakanaka: Nenzira iyi unodzivirira kuunganidzwa kwehunyoro uye kuumbwa kwefungi.
Tarisa uone zvipenyu zvinotonhora kana uchigara munzvimbo dzine chando chakanyanya. Kuti uwane mamwe matipi, ona chinyorwa chedu pa marudzi e globular cacti.
Inounganidzwa cacti, mhuka dzakatetepa, uye matipi enyanzvi
Dzimwe mhando dzakatetepa dzinoda mamwe mamineral substrates, kufefetedza kwakanaka, uye dziviriro kubva kumvura isingayerere. Rongedza kudiridza, shandisa tsime-inodonhedza substrate, uye dzivisa kuvaisa pachena kukuchinja kwekushisa kana chiedza. Yakabatanidzwa cacti uye isingawanzo siyana zvingada kutariswa zuva nezuva, kunyanya kudzivirira tupukanana uye kuona kugadzikana kwavo.
Cactus uye succulents: ndezvipi zvakafanana uye zvakasiyana sei mukutarisira?
Cacti inhengo yemhuri inonaka, asi inosiyana pakuti ine maareoles, madiki madiki anogona kumera mizongoza, maruva kana matavi matsva. Succulents, kune rumwe rutivi, inochengeta mvura mumashizha awo, madzinde kana midzi, uye inogona kuva nenyama, mashizha asina spine.Ose ari maviri anogovana kudiwa kwekunyatso dhiza substrate uye yakaderera yekudiridza frequency, asi mamwe marudzi eanonamira anoshivirira mumvuri kana mamwe manyoro nharaunda zviri nani, nepo cacti ichiwanzofarira kuzara uye kuoma.
