Blackberry: Rubus ulmifolius, chirimwa chinodyiwa chiri kukurumidza kukura
Rubus ulmifolius, inonyanya kuzivikanwa se blackberry, rudzi rwechikwenzi chine chitarisiko che sarmentose chiri chemhuri ye Rosaceae. Iyi shrub inokosheswa zvese nekuda kwemichero yayo inodyiwa, inozivikanwa se mablackberries, nezve yako kukurumidza kukurumidza, izvo zvinoita kuti ive chirimwa chakakodzera kukura mumapindu nemuminda yemichero. Muchinyorwa ichi chese, tichaongorora zvakadzama maitiro, kurimwa, mabhenefiti, uye mashandisiro eblackberry, pamwe nemitero yayo nemishonga.
Taxonomy uye botanical tsananguro
Blackberry inokamurwa sezvinotevera:
- Umambo: chirimwa
- Division: Magnoliophyta
- Kirasi: magnoliopsida
- Order: Ruva makwenzi
- Mhuri: rosaceae
- Subfamily: Rosoideae
- Tribe: Rubeae
- Gender: Ruby
- Zvisikwa: Rubus ulmifolius
Mashizha eblackberry ari asinganzwisisike, kazhinji anoumbwa nemashizha mashanu, kunyange matatu achigona kuwanikwawo. Vane mupendero wakatsetseka uye ndewe rakasvibira ruvara pamusoro pepamusoro, ukuwo pasi pacho pakaita chena nekuda kwebvudzi rinovafukidza.
Maruva eblackberry ndiwo hermaphrodites, pentamerous uye ane oval petals, kazhinji epingi kana dzimwe nguva machena, ane dhayamita yeanenge 10 kusvika 15 mm. Iyo inflorescences inomuka mumasumbu, ichitora oblong kana pyramidal maumbirwo.
Muchero, muchero weblackberry, unodyiwa uye unoumbwa netumadrupes tunoungana pamwe chete uye kubatana, kugadzira inozivikanwa se. polydrupe. Kana yaibva, ruvara rwayo runochinja kubva kutsvuku kuenda blackish yepepuru uye kunaka kwayo ndiko inotapira, kunyange iine acidity shoma.
Kukura uye kugovera maitiro
Blackberry inozivikanwa nokuda kwayo kukurumidza kukura uye hunhu hwayo hwekuparadza. Inogona kukurumidza kutora nzvimbo huru dzesango, scrubland uye makomo, kuumba dense hedges munguva pfupi. Chirimwa ichi chinokwanisa kuwanda nezvinomera, sezvo matavi anogona kuburitsa midzi kana abata pasi, izvo zvinoita kuti kukura kwayo kuite. paradzira.
Kugoverwa kwepakutanga kweRubus ulmifolius kunovhara inenge yese Europe, kuchamhembe kwe Africa uye zasi kwe Asia. Zvisinei, yakaunzwa mune mamwe matunhu akadai America y Oceania, uko kwazova rudzi runoparadza mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai se Chile y Uruguay.
Pasinei nekukwanisa kwayo kupindira uye kutariswa a bumhudza Mune mamwe matunhu, mablackberries anomiririrawo kuwana mari kumhuri zhinji dzinokohwa michero yawo, kunyanya kumaruwa uko kune misika mishoma. Uyezve, kurimwa kwayo kunogona kubatsira kuhupfumi hwemunharaunda, sezvataurwa munyaya ye bramble care.
Zvokudya zvinobatsira uye mishonga yemishonga
Blackberries inokosheswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudya kwavo. Michero yemusango iyi yakapfuma mukati mavhitaminzi A, B uye Cuyewo mukati minerals sesimbi, izvo zvinovaita chikafu chakakodzera chekudzivirira nekurwisa anemia. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakakwirira yezvinyorwa zve fiber inobatsira kuhutano hwakanaka hwekudya.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza izvozvo flavonoids aripo mumablackberries ane antioxidant zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yegomarara uye kuderedza cholesterol mazinga. Kune rumwe rutivi, mashizha akaomeswa e-blackberry anoshandiswa mu infusions nekuda kwezvinhu zvavo. kuputsa, antiseptics yeurinary system uye diuretic.
Mukuwedzera, mashizha anogona kushandiswa semishonga yekurapa maronda uye maronda eganda. Izvo zvinoshandiswawo mukugadzirira kwe infusions kurapa matambudziko emudumbu akadai semanyoka uye gastroenteritis, pamwe nekurerutsa. feverish zviratidzo. Zvimiro zvaro zvakakosha kudzoreredza iyo zvakakosha Utano.
Kushandiswa kweblackberry muCulinary
Blackberry inonyanya kufarirwa mune gastronomy, kunyanya mukugadzirira kwe dhizeti, jamu, jellies uye, dzimwe nguva, mukugadzirwa kwe waini y zvinodhaka. Su hunhu hwekunaka inoita kuti ive chinhu chakasiyana-siyana mukicheni, umo inofarirwa zvese zvitsva uye zvakagadziriswa.
Mukuwedzera kune kushandiswa kwayo mundiro confectionery, blackberries inogona kuiswa mumabikirwo e salads, mukaka kana kunyange sekuperekedza ndiro dzinonaka. Kushandisa mablackberries mukubika hakusi kungowedzera kunaka, asiwo kunopa a kuwedzera kwekudya zvakakosha. Kune avo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekukosha kwezvimwe miti yemasango, munogona kubvunza Gwaro iri remaruva emusango.
Kukura uye kutarisira mablackberries
Kurima mablackberries, zvakakosha kuti usarudze nzvimbo yakakodzera inogamuchira huwandu hwakanaka hwe chiedza chezuva. Iyo blackberry inokura muvhu rakanyorova, kunyangwe ichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo. Inokurudzirwa kudyara mukati primavera, mushure mechando, kuve nechokwadi kuti zvirimwa hazvina kukuvara.
Zvinodiwa nevhu
Blackberry inofarira ivhu rakasununguka, rakanyoroveswa zvakanaka rakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri. organic zvinhu. Usati wadyara, zvinokurudzirwa kupfumisa ivhu necompost kana organic fertilizer kuti ivandudze kubereka kwayo. Iye Ideal pH Ivhu rinofanirwa kuita acidic zvishoma kusvika kune kwarakarerekera, kutenderedza 5.5 kusvika 7.0. Rumwe ruzivo nezvenyaya iyi runogona kuwanikwa mune chinyorwa pa zvinomera zvinodyiwa.
Nzira dzekuparadzira
Nzira yakajairika yekuparadzira blackberry ndeye kuburikidza midzi cuttings, iyo inofanira kutorwa munguva yechando apo simiti yakarara. Inogonawo kuparadzirwa uchishandisa in vitro nzira, iyo inobvumira kugadzirwa kweblackberry clones ine homogeneous maitiro uye njodzi yakaderera yechirwere.
Kugadziriswa nekutarisira
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekukura kwakanaka kwechirimwa, zvakakosha kuchengetedza a nzira yekudiridza yakakwana. Blackberries inoda kudiridza nguva dzose, kunyanya panguva yekusanaya kwemvura, asi kudonha kwemvura kunofanira kudzivirirwa.
Kushandiswa kwechigadziro chekutsigira, sechitsigiro chekutsigira dzidziso o espalier, inokurudzirwa kukura mablackberries, sezvo madzinde awo anogona kushanduka uye anoda rubatsiro. Kuchekerera ndeimwe tsika yakakosha yekuchengetedza kugadzirwa, sezvo inosimudzira kukura kwe tsvimbo itsva uye inovandudza aeration.
Economic uye zvakatipoteredza
Kugadzirwa kweBlackberry hakuna kukosha chete kune zvinangwa zvekubika asiwo kunobatsira kuhupfumi hwenzvimbo yematunhu mazhinji kwainorimwa. Kuunganidzwa kwayo kunova a chitubu chemari kuvarimi nemhuri dzavo, kunyanya kumaruwa uko zvimwe zvirimwa zvingasawana pundutso shoma.
Kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza, kunyange zvazvo bheriberry inogona kukanganisa, kurimwa kwayo kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kana akabatwa nemazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kwayo kubudirira muvhu risina kuorera kunoita kuti ive sarudzo inoyevedza nzvimbo dzakaparadzwa nemasango kana mumapurojekiti ekudzoreredza ecosystem.
The blackberry chinopfuura chirimwa chinobereka mablackberry; Ndiyo muenzaniso wekuti zvisikwa zvinogona kupa sei zvinonaka zvekudya uye mishonga inobatsira. Kukurumidzira kuwanda, kuita zvakasiyana-siyana mukicheni, uye kunaka kwehupfumi kunoita kuti chirimwa ichi ive sarudzo yakakosha kune chero murimi webindu kana murimi ari kutsvaga kusiyanisa chirimwa chavo uye kubatsira mukusimudzira.
