La kuoma kunokanganisa mioki yeHolm nemioki yeCork Chirwere ichi chave chinhu chinonetsa zvakare muExtremadura. Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze anokonzera kupararira kwacho, nyanzvi dzesainzi dzakaburitsa yambiro itsva yekudzivirira njodzi dzezvipembenene kuti vaedze kumisa kukuvara kwemafuro emhuka idzi nekufamba kwenguva.
Munhu ane mhosva yechiitiko ichi ndiye Phytophthora cinnamomi, chirwere chevhu iyo inorwisa midzi uye inokonzera kuora kwemiti zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuti vafungidzire nguva dzine njodzi huru, Extremadura Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CICYTEX) yakatanga hurongwa hwekuyambira pakutanga hunosanganisa mamodheru emamiriro ekunze epamusoro uye mazano ekutarisira akanangana nevatariri vemasango nevaridzi.
Yambiro yekuchenesa zvirimwa nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi huru
Sekureva kweCICYTEX, a yambiro yengozi yekuchenesa zvirimwa Nekuda kwekufanotaura kwemazuva ane hunyoro hwakawanda uye tembiricha dzakanakira kukura kwePhytophthora, sangano iri, iro rinoshuma kuRegional Ministry of Education, Science and Vocational Training yeHurumende yeExtremadura, rinoyambira kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anotarisirwa anogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwehutachiona munzvimbo zhinji dzedehesa.
Phytophthora inoonekwa sechirwere chinhu chikuru chinokonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura Mumasango emiti yeholm oak necork oak, iri idambudziko risingangokanganisi chete nharaunda, asiwo rine chekuita nehupfumi, nekuisa panjodzi kugadzirwa kwekorkmaacorn nedzimwe nzira dzechinyakare dzekushandisa dehesa. Kurasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemiti iyi kunopa dambudziko renguva refu pakutarisira ivhu.
Mamodheru akagadzirwa neCICYTEX anoratidza kuti, mumazuva anotevera, Kubuda kwemasero emhuka mu zoospore kunogona kuitika zvakanyanyaAya ndiwo maumbirwo ehutachiona hwehutachiona. Kana ivhu riine hunyoro hwakawanda, ma zoospores aya anofamba zviri nyore mumvura uye anogara mumidzi, zvichivhura mukana wekubuda kwemvura itsva munzvimbo dzisina zviratidzo zvinooneka.
Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, yambiro iyi haisi yekungotaura nezvehunyanzvi chete. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuona kuti, munguva ino yakaoma, matanho ekudzivirira anofanira kutorwa mumunda kuderedza kupararira kwechirwere pakati pemapurazi, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kana mamiriro ekunze achifarira chirwere ichi.
Basa rePhytophthora mukuora kwemiti yeHolm oak nemiti yeCork oak
Utachiona uhwu hunofarirwa ne nzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakawanda uye tembiricha dziri pakati nepakatiAya ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoitika mushure memvura pamwe chete nekuwedzera kudiki kwekupisa. Panguva idzi, ma zoospores anogadzirwa akawanda; aya zvivako zvidiki, zvinofamba-famba zvine nzira yekufamba inovabvumira "kushambira" mumvura yevhu.
Kana zoospores dzasangana nemidzi, Zvinopinda munyama uye zvinokonzera kukuvara izvo zvinotadzisa kunyudzwa kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri. Nekufamba kwenguva, muti unorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwawo kupindura, unoshaya simba, uye unogona kufa, kunyanya kana mamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira utachiona akaitika kwemakore akati wandei.
Munzvimbo dzakadai seExtremadura, uko mafuro eholm oak necork oak ari mbiru dzezvakatipoteredza nehupfumiKuvapo kwePhytophthora kune njodzi huru. Hazvingogumiri pakukuvara kwe zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita nehurongwa uhuasiwo pamabasa akadai sekurima zvipfuyo zvakawanda kana kugadzira makork, izvo zvinoenderana zvakananga nehutano hwakanaka hwemiti.
Saka, nyanzvi dzinoti kusanaya kwemvura hakusi dambudziko riripo rega, asi chirwere chinokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye chinowedzeraizvo zvinoda kubatanidza kutarisa nguva dzose nekushandiswa kwematanho ekutarisira akagadzirirwa purazi rega rega uye nguva yega yega yegore.
Mashandiro anoita sisitimu yekuzivisa yeSILVA-F
Kuti vatarisire zviitiko izvi zvine njodzi huru, CICYTEX yakagadzira SILVA-F, hurongwa hwekuyambira vanhu nekukurumidza Chishandiso ichi chakatarisana nekutarisa mamiriro evhu, chinoshandisa data rekufanotaura rakagadzirwa neEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), iyo inotungamira pasi rose mukufanotaura mamiriro ekunze nenhamba.
Vhiki rega rega, zvinotevera zvinobvunzwa: hunyoro hwevhu uye fungidziro yekupisa zvichibva kuECMWF. Ruzivo urwu runogadziriswa pamaseva eCICYTEX uchishandisa purogiramu chaiyo inoshandura shanduko dzemamiriro ekunze kuita indekisi yengozi kubva pa0 kusvika pa1, uko kukosha kwakakwirira kunoratidza mukana mukuru wemamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera ekugadzirwa kwemhuka dzinomera.
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidzwa mu mamepu, machati uye mapaneru ekutarisa nenzvimbo Zvishandiso izvi zvinotibvumira kufungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeExtremadura. Parizvino, kutarisisa kwakadzama kuri kuitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzine masango eholm oak necork oak, zvichibatanidza ongororo yedunhu nekuongorora kwakadzama kwenzvimbo yega yega yekutarisa.
Kana sisitimu yacho ikaona kuti nguva yekupisa nehunyoro yakanakira Phytophthora iri kusvika, inoiona inomutsa yambiro yengozi yephytosanitaryRuzivo urwu rwunoburitswa pawebhusaiti yakatsaurirwa kuchirwere ichi uye runotumirwawo kuvanhu vakanyoreswa mubasa rekuzivisa, kuitira kuti vagone kugadzirira zviito zvavo mumapurazi avo.
Chinangwa cheSILVA-F hachisi chekungotaura mamiriro acho ezvinhu panguva chaiyo, asi kukurudzira shanduko mumabatiro: kurega kuita chimwe chinhu kana kukuvara kwatove pachena kuronga matanho pachine nguva, akagadziriswa zvichienderana nenjodzi inotarisirwa vhiki rega rega nenzvimbo yega yega.
Kuwana ruzivo: zviziviso zvewebhusaiti neWhatsApp
Kuti zvive nyore kushandisa sisitimu iyi, CICYTEX yakagonesa peji rewebhu chairo paFitóftorakwaunogona kutarisa mamiriro enjodzi aripo iye zvino, kufanotaura kwemazuva mazhinji, uye mazano ehunyanzvi ane chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu ese. Mapaneru aya anoratidza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mamapu enjodzi dzezuva nezuva nemagrafu anoratidza kushanduka kwakarongwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, puratifomu iyi inopa mukana we Nyorera kuboka rezviziviso zveWhatsAppIyi nzira inoshandiswa kuparadzira zviziviso kana njodzi yakawedzera yekupararira yaonekwa, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwakakodzera patsvagurudzo, miedzo, kana shanduko mukukurudzira manejimendi.
Musanganiswa uyu wekutumira mameseji paindaneti nepakarepo une chinangwa chekuona kuti vatariri vemadehesa nevaridzi vemasango Vane ruzivo rwuripo, vasingadi kugara vachitarisa mawebhusaiti epamutemo. Nenzira iyi, munguva dzakaoma, yambiro inosvika zvakananga pafoni dzavo.
Chishandiso ichi hachina kuitirwa mainjiniya vane hunyanzvi chete; chinogonawo kubatsira kune varidzi veminda midiki nevarimi vezvipfuyo Vanofanira kuziva kuti zvinokurudzirwa kuti vatore matanho ekudzivirira zvakanyanya riini. Chinangwa ndechekuisa rusununguko rwekuwana ruzivo rwakaoma rwekufanotaura uye kurishandura kuita mashoko akajeka, pamwe chete nenhungamiro dzinoshanda dzekuita.
Kunyangwe hazvo chinangwa chiripo pari zvino chiri paExtremadura, mhando yenzira yakagamuchirwa neSILVA-F inogona kushanda senzira yekuratidza mamwe matunhu ekuEurope ane masango eholm oak necork oak akakanganiswa kune matambudziko akafanana, uko kutarisa kwakavakirwa pamamiriro ekunze kunogona kuita mutsauko mukutarisira masango.
Matanho anokurudzirwa panguva yekusanaya kwemvura
Kana yambiro yangotanga kushanda, CICYTEX inosimbirira kuti kiyi iri mu kuderedza kupararira kwehutachiona pakati peminda ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwehutachiona. Chinokurudzirwa chekutanga ndechekudzivisa kufambisa ivhu kubva paminda ine zviratidzo kuenda kunzvimbo dzichiri kunzi dzine hutano.
Izvi zvinoreva kungwarira zvakanyanya michina, mota nemidziyo zvinogona kudhonza ivhu rakanamatira pamavhiri kana zvikamu. Pose pazvinogoneka, zvinokurudzirwa kuderedza kufamba kwaro kunze kwemigwagwa yakatarwa uye, kana zvichidikanwa kutama kubva panzvimbo yakakanganiswa kuenda kune isina kukanganiswa, kushandisa matanho ekutanga ekuchenesa kudzivirira kutakura zvidimbu zvevhu rakakanganiswa.
Imwe chiyero chakakurumbira ndeye kurambidzwa kwenguva pfupi kwekupinda kwezvipfuyo Munzvimbo dzakaonekwa miti yakanganiswa nekusanaya kwemvura, kufamba kwemhuka kunogona kubatsira kutakurwa kwevhu kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepurazi. Saka, zvinokurudzirwa kurongazve mafuro mukati memavhiki ane njodzi huru.
Zvinorairwawo kuderedza huwandu hwevashandi uye kuderedza kushanda nesimba mumunda uku chiitiko chakakosha chichienderera mberi, vachiisa pamberi zviito zvakakosha uye vachimbomira kuita izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kupararira kwehutachiona.
Mitemo iyi yekuchengetedza zvipenyu haibvisi chirwere ichi, asi inobatsira kumisa kupararira kwezvirwere zvitsvaZvichibatanidzwa nekutarisa nguva dzose kuburikidza neSILVA-F system, zvinobvumira manejimendi kugadziriswa kuti aenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu vhiki rega rega, zvichigadzirisa mwero wekudzivirira zvichienderana nenhamba yenjodzi yakabudiswa.
Kutsvaga nekutarisira kwenguva refu kwedehesa
Kugadzirwa kweSILVA-F chikamu che makore akati wandei ekushanda neCICYTEX yakatarisana nekudzikira kwemiti yeholm oak necork oak. Nzvimbo iyi yakakurudzira kuyedza kwesainzi, zvidzidzo zvemumunda uye zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvakanangana nekuvandudza manejimendi emasango mukutarisana nePhytophthora.
Muzvikamu zvekare, hurongwa hwacho hwakavakirwa pa network dzezviteshi zvekutyaira dziri mumafuro anoshanda pamwe cheteiyo yakaunganidza ruzivo rwemuno kuti ipe mamodheru aya. Kushanduka kwepuratifomu inotsigirwa nekufungidzira kweECMWF kunomiririra kukwira mukugona kwekufanotaura kwesystem uye kufukidzwa kwayo kwenzvimbo.
Panguva imwe chete, zvinotevera zvakagadzirwa mabhuku ekutarisira nekudzivirira yakanangana nenyanzvi dziri muchikamu ichi, uko gwara rinounganidzwa pamusoro pekuwanda kwemiti, kutarisira mafuro, kuchengetedza ivhu nedzimwe nzira dzinogona kukanganisa kufambira mberi kwekusanaya kwemvura munguva yepakati nerefu.
Pfungwa huru ndeyekuti, kana ukasangana nechirwere chinokura sePhytophthora, Hazvina kukwana kupindira chete kana zviratidzo zvaonekwaZvakakosha kubatanidza ruzivo rwenjodzi musarudzo dzezuva nezuva dzekutarisira, kubva pakuronga mabasa emasango kusvika pakuronga mitoro yezvipfuyo pamunda wega wega.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogona kuchinja mamiriro emvura netembiricha, maturusi ekufanotaura nekutarisa akaita seSILVA-F ari kuonekwa seanonyanya chikamu chehurongwa hwekugadzirisa kushanduka kwedehesa, muExtremadura nemune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeIberian Peninsula uko kusanaya kwemvura kuri kukonzerawo dambudziko.
Kubatanidzwa kweyambiro dzekutanga, mazano ekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi rwakakosha kunosimbisa kugona kwevatariri nevaridzi kupindura njodzi yakaoma yakadai sekuderera kwemiti yeholm oak nemiti yecork oak, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza ecosystem yakakosha uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi anoenderana nayo.
