Paunotaura nezvazvo goho rezvirimwa, hutano hwezvirimwa uye kunaka kwegohoTinenge nguva dzose tichifunga nezvefetiraiza, madiridziro, uye tupukanana. Zvisinei, pane "mutauro wemakemikari" mukati memiti ine simba rakawanda kupfuura rinoratidzika: phytohormones. Kunzwisisa kuti mahormone ezvirimwa aya anoshanda sei ndeimwe yemakiyi ekufamba kubva pakungo "kohwa" kuenda kuwedzera kugona kuita zvibereko yechirimwa chimwe nechimwe, mune zvekurima nekurima.
Izvi zvinhu zviripo muhuwandu hwemaminiti, asi zvinogadzirisa zvese zvese: kumera, midzi, inoyereramuchero wemichero, kukora muchero, kuibva, kunhuhwirira, uye kushushikana mupfungwaMumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kutonga kwemahomoni kwabva pakuva musoro wezvidzidzo kuenda pakuva chishandiso chemazuva ese mumagreenhouse, mapurazi emichero, makireshi, uye kunyangwe magadheni epamba. Ngatidzike zvakadzikama kuti ndezvipi, ndeapi marudzi aripo, uye mashandisiro aunoita uye pasina njodzi kusimudzira zvirimwa zvedu.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi phytohormones uye nei ichikosha zvakanyanya?
Phytohormones kana zvirimwa zvehomoni Iwo ma organic mamorekuru ehuremu hwakaderera kwazvo, anogadzirwa nemiti pachayo muminuscule uwandu (kazhinji muzvikamu pamiriyoni kana kunyange zvikamu pabhirioni renji). Kunyange zvakadaro, vanokwanisa kuronga kukura, kukura uye mhinduro kune zvakatipoteredza muchirimwa chose, kubva kumbeu kusvika pakukura.
Kusiyana nemhuka, zvinomera hazvina glands kana nervous systemChero sero munenge chero nhengo inogona kugadzira mahomoni ezvirimwa, anozofamba madaro mapfupi kana marefu. kuburikidza nemuto kana kubva muchitokisi kuenda kuchitokisi. Nekuda kwekutakura uku, chiratidzo chinogadzirwa mumudzi chinogona kukanganisa mashizha, kana hormone inogadzirwa mu stem apex. inhibisa kukura kwe lateral buds inowanikwa mapfundo akati wandei kudzika.
Kuti molecule ionekwe kuti ndeyechokwadi plant hormone Inofanirwa kusangana nemamiriro matatu akajeka: kuve nekuratidzira physiological chiitiko (semuenzaniso, inducing cell division kana activate stress mhinduro), kuve nediki molecule saizi, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kuve waona chaiyo receptor mumasero anotangwa. Iyo receptor ipuroteni inoona iyo mahormone uye inokonzeresa iyo yekusaina cascade inopedzisira yagadzirisa mataurirwo ejini uye hunhu hwesero.
Ichi chaicho chinodiwa chekugamuchira chakasimba zvekuti, semuenzaniso, iyo polyamines Ivo havachatorwa semahomoni ezvirimwa mupfungwa yakasimba: vane zvakawanda zvemuviri mhedzisiro, kunyanya zvine chekuita nekushushikana, asi imwechete receptor haina kuzivikanwa, uyezve, huremu hwavo hwemamorekuru hwakakwira. Kusiyana neizvi, mahormone e "classic" anosangana nemaitiro aya uye akadzidzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukanganisa kwawo kukuru kugadzirwa kwekurima uye tsika yekudyara tishu.
Nhasi ndoda mapoka mapfumbamwe makuru e phytohormonesIzvi zvinosanganisira auxins, gibberellins (GA), cytokinins (CK), brassinosteroids (BR), strigolactones (SL), ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates (JA), uye salicylic acid (SA). Mhuri yega yega ine yayo biosynthetic nzira, ine precursors, inoshanda mafomu, uye kushatisa kana conjugation zvigadzirwa. Kusimba kwesimba pakati penzira idzi dzese kunotaridza mavakirwo echirimwa, simba, uye kuchinjika.
Mapoka makuru e phytohormones uye mabasa avo anokosha
Mabhuku echinyakare anowanzo kutarisa mapoka mashanu: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene uye abscisic acidZvakadaro, tsvakiridzo ichangoburwa yakawedzera iyi mepu yehomoni kuti ibatanidze brassinosteroids, strigolactones, jasmonates, uye salicylic acid, zvese zvakakosha pakunzwisisa kudzivirira uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Ngationgororei, nenzira yakarongeka, izvo mhuri yega yega yehomoni inoita uye mumamiriro api anonyanya kukosha.
Auxins: simba rekufambisa kuseri kwemidzi, kureba, uye kutonga kweapical
Auxins aive ekutanga akawana phytohormones uye iwo angangove achiri anonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekudyara nekurima. Iyo yakasarudzika fomu yechisikigo indoleacetic acid (IAA), yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya muiyo apical meristems emadzinde uye mumashizha madikiKubva ipapo inotakurwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi (basipetal transport), ichigadzira gradients inoronga kuwanda kwemaitiro.
Basa rayo rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nderokukurudzira kureba kwesero uye kusiyanisaAuxins inopfavisa madziro esero, ichibvumira maseru kurebesa pasi pe turgor pressure. Iyi michina inotsigira zviitiko zvakadai se phototropism (chirimwa chinokotama chakananga kuchiedza) kana gravitropism (midzi yakananga kusimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi uye inodzika kune yakapesana), sezvo auxin ichigoverwa kune rimwe divi renhengo uye ichikonzera kukura kweasymmetrical.
Rimwe basa rinokosha ndere apical dominanceIyo terminal bud, yakapfuma mu auxin, inotadzisa kuvandudzwa kwepedyo lateral buds. Nepo iyo apex iri kushanda, lateral branching inodzvinyirirwa; kana apex yakatemwa, iyo auxin concentration inoderera uye lateral buds inotanga kumera. Iyi misimboti inoshandiswa mukurima nekurima simba branching uye kuwedzera nhamba fruiting pfungwa.
Auxins zvakare inoita basa mu kuumbwa kwevascular bundles uye kukura kwemidziIvo vanosimudzira midzi branching uye kutaridzika kwemidzi yeadventitious, iyo inotsanangura kushandiswa kwavo kukuru mukati zvokutengeserana rooting agents kune herbaceous uye miti yekucheka, uye in vitro tsika. Ivo zvakare vanotora chikamu mukukura kwemichero uye, pamwe chete nemamwe mahomoni, vanogona kukurudzira parthenocarpic (isina mbeu) michero, inokosheswa zvikuru muindasitiri yemichero nemiriwo.
Mukurima, synthetic auxins inonyanya kushandiswa, senge indolebutyric acid (IBA) uye naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)iripo muhupfu hwemidzi uye gels. Panguva yakaderera doses vanokurudzira rooting uye kukura; pamapiritsi akanyanya, mamwe maauxins ekugadzira anoita se mishonga yesora inosarudzwa (semuenzaniso, 2,4-D), inokwanisa kubvisa dicotyledons pasina kukuvadza zviyo.
Gibberellins: kureba, kumera uye kukura kwemichero
Gibberellins inoumba mhuri huru ye phytohormones inobatanidzwa mukuparadzanisa masero uye elongationkumera kwembeu uye shanduko pakati pezvikamu zvebudiriro. Pakati peanonyanya kukosha mafomu ari GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ uye GA₇, kunyangwe padanho rekutengesa nyeredzi iri gibberellic acid GA₃.
Basa rayo mukumera rakakosha: kana mbeu ikatora mvura, embryo inotanga kuburitsa gibberellins, iyo inomutsa kuumbwa kwe hydrolytic enzymes mumatishu akadai se endosperm kana aleurone layer. Aya ma enzymes anopwanya starch nemaprotein reserves, achiburitsa shuga nemaamino acids anobvumira kukura kwembesa. Naizvozvo, kurapwa kwegibberellin kunoshandiswa break dormancy mumarudzi ane dormancy yakarebesa uye kuwana nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya kufanana kumera.
Padanho rekuvaka, gibberellins inokurudzira zvakajeka stem elongationKubva kare, zvakawanikwa nekuti zvimwe zvirimwa zvemupunga zvine fungus Gibberella fujikuroi zvakakura zvakanyanya uye zvisina simba. Kubva ipapo, chinhu chine mutoro chakaparadzaniswa uye chakanzwisiswa kudzora urefu. Iyo inonzi "Green Revolution" muzviyo yaive yakavakirwa, kusvika pamwero mukuru, pa semi-dwarf marudzi asinganyanyi kunzwa kune gibberellins, izvo zvinokura zvipfupi, hazviitirwe nefotereza yakawanda uye kushandisa zviri nani zviwanikwa.
Mukukura kwemichero, gibberellins chishandiso chakanakisa che kunatsiridza hukuru hwemichero uye hutanoMashandisirwo eGA₃ kumazambiringa asina mhodzi patafura anogona kuwedzera saizi yeberry nekutenderedza 30-35%, pamwe nekurebesa boka. Mumichero yecitrus, inoshandiswa kunonoka peel senescence, saka muchero unogona kuramba uri pamuti kwenguva yakareba nekutaridzika kwakanaka kwekutengesa.
Ivo zvakare vanopesvedzera kukura kwemaruva, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yavo inoenderana nemhando: mune mimwe miti yemichero vanogona inhibit maruva painoiswa panguva dzakaoma, nepo mune mamwe marudzi egore negore vanoifarira. Uyezve, gibberellins inowanzoita inhibit radical branching uye, pamwe chete nemaauxins, vanotora chikamu mukugadzira michero, kazhinji inononoka kuibva kana ichinge yaiswa kunze.
Cytokinins: cell division, lateral budding, uye kunonoka senescence
Cytokinins (kana kuti cytokinins) ndiwo mahomoni akakosha kune kupatsanurwa kwesero nekuumbwa kwenhengo itsva. pachake Ivo vanogadzira kunyanya mumidzi uye kuenda kunzvimbo dzemuchadenga, uko dzinokurudzira kuwanda kwesero uye kusiyanisa kwematishu. Pakati peanonyanya kukosha mafomu anoshanda ari trans-zeatin (tZ), cis-zeatin (cZ), dihydrozeatin (DZ), uye isopentenyladenine (iP).
Chiito chavo chinowanzotariswa, muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinopesana neiyo yeauxinsNepo auxins ichisimbisa hutongi hweapical, cytokinins inosimudzira kumera kwe lateral buds uye branching. Iyi "tug-of-war" pakati pemahomoni maviri aya ndiyo hwaro hwechimiro chezvivakwa zvezvirimwa zvakawanda: nekusiyanisa huwandu hwazvo, budiriro inogona kunangarirwa kune mamwe madzinde, midzi yakawanda, kana chiyero chakati.
In in vitro tsika, kutonga kwe cytokinin/auxin ratio Icho chishandiso chakakosha chekutungamira morphogenesis. Chiyero chepamusoro che cytokinins kune auxins inotyaira kuumbwa kwepfuti, nepo hukuru hweauxins huchikonzera kuumbwa kwemidzi. Benzyladenine (BA kana BAP), a synthetic cytokinin, inogara ichishandiswa mutsika media. in vitro tsika kugadzira nhungirwa dzakawanda kubva kuma cell calluses kana buds.
Cytokinins zvakare ine inonakidza kugona kunonoka kumera kwemashizhaVanochengeta mashizha akasvibira uye achishanda kwenguva yakareba nekutsigira kuumbwa kwechlorophyll uye photosynthetic enzymes. Naizvozvo, mabiostimulants mazhinji anoshandiswa mukurima, kunyanya ayo akavakirwa pazvimedu zvemugungwa, ane chikwereti chakawanda chezvaanoita kune izvo zvirimo zve cytokinin-mhando makomisheni, ayo anobatsira zvakanyanya wedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kwemashizha muzviyo, nyemba uye zvirimwa zvekurima.
Mune michero yepome, yakadai seapuro uye peari, cytokinins inobatanidzwa mumabasa akadai kuonda kwemakemikariZvikumbiro zveBA nguva pfupi mushure mekutumbuka zvinoderedza mutoro wemichero pamuti, zvichiita kuti muchero wasara usvike pakukura uye nepamusoro. Zvakare, kwakaringana cytokinin manejimendi inovandudza maruva kudzoka, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kumwe kubereka, nyaya yakajairika mumhando dzakawanda.
Ethylene: kuibva gasi, abscission, uye kunetseka kupindura
Ethylene inoshamisa phytohormone nekuti ndeye gasi riri nyore (C₂H₄)asi zvine mhedzisiro yakaoma. Inogadzirwa munenge nhengo dzese, uye kuumbwa kwayo kunokonzerwa ne Mechanical kusagadzikana, maronda, hutachiona, kushanduka kwekushisa kamwe kamwe, kushomeka kwemvura, uye panguva yekuibva kwemichero yeclimacteric..
Mune michero iyi (matomatisi, apuro, bhanana, mango, nezvimwewo), ethylene inotanga yechokwadi. maturation cascadeNyeredzi dzinoshandurwa kuita shuga, pectin mumadziro emadziro akaputsika (kunyorovesa pulp), carotenoid uye anthocyanin pigments inogadzirwa (kuchinja kwemavara), uye hunhu hunonhuhwirira hunoumbwa. Iyo nzira ndeye autocatalytic: imwe ethylene inogadzira yakawanda ethylene, iyo inowiriranisa kuibva kwebatch.
Maitiro aya anotsanangura zvinoitika zvemazuva ese sekusiya apuro rakaibva mundiro yemichero kunomhanyisa kuibva kwemuchero uri pedyo. Paagronomic level, izvi zvinoshandiswa mumakamuri ekuibva umo ethylene kana mashizha ekuburitsa akadai [anotevera] anoiswa. ethephon nokuti gadzirisa ruvara uye poindi yekushandisa mabhanana, matomatisi kana muchero wecitrus.
Kunze kwekuibva, ethylene inobatanidzwa mukuita kwe abscission yemashizha, maruva nemicheroEthylene inobata basa mukukurudzira maruva mumhando dzakasiyana (sepainanasi) uye mukugadzirisa kushushikana (somuenzaniso, shanduko mukukura kwedzinde pasi pemhepo kana kusungirirwa kwevhu). Nekudaro, kuwanda kwe ethylene kunogona kukonzera shizha risati rasvika kana kudonha kwemichero uye nekukurumidzira kuchembera kwematishu anonzwa.
Kugadzirisa izvi zvinokonzeresa, iyo mushure mekukohwa indasitiri inoshandisa zvese kushandisa uye kuvharika kwe ethylene. Iyo kompani 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) inosunga kune iyo ethylene receptors yemasero ezvirimwa uye inodzivirira endogenous gasi kuita basa rayo, zvakanyanya kunonoka kuibva uye senescence. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yemaapuro, mapeya, kana maruva akachekwa nemavhiki akati wandei. Pamberi pekukohwa, zvinhu zvakadai AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) Vanobatsira kuderedza kugadzirwa kwe ethylene uye kudzivirira kudonha kwemichero isati yasvika.
Abscisic acid (ABA): kiyi dze dormancy uye kusagadzikana kwemvura
Abscisic asidhi inozivikanwa se stress uye dormancy hormoneBasa rayo guru nderokunonoka kukura apo mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anova akaoma, kubatsira chirimwa kurarama. Inoungana kunyanya pasi pe [zvisina kujeka - pamwe "yakaderera altitude" kana "low altitude"]. kusanaya kwemvurakukwirira kwemunyu uye kupisa kwakanyanya.
Chimwe chezviito zvayo zvinokurumidza uye zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya kutonga kwe kuvhara stomaKana chirimwa chikaona kushaikwa kwemvura muvhu kana kuderera kwemvura mukati, inowedzera synthesis yeABA, iyo inoshanda pamasero ekurinda e stomata, inogadzirisa kuyerera kwemaion uye kuita kuti ivhare. Izvi zvinoderedza kufefetera uye kuchengetedza mvura, pamutengo wekudzikamisa photosynthesis kwenguva pfupi.
Iyo ABA inoitawo basa rekuumbwa mu mbeu dormancyMunguva yekukura kwe embryo muchirimwa chaamai, kuwanda kweABA kunodzivirira kumera kwembeu nguva isati yakwana, zvichikurudzira kuwaniswa kwekushivirira kwe deiccation. Chete kana mamiriro ekunze akakodzera uye iyo ABA/gibberellin chiyero ichichinja ichifarira gibberellins iyo mbeu inotyora dormancy uye inotanga kumera.
Mumhando dzemamiriro ekunze anodziya, ABA inounganidza mukati buds munguva yekuvhuvhuABA induces yechando dormancy state iyo inodzivirira meristems kubva kune yakaderera tembiricha. Nekukwira kwe tembiricha uye shanduko mune mamwe mahormone, ABA inoshatisa uye mabuds anoita zvakare muchirimo.
Kubva pakuona kwekugadzira, kunzwisiswa kwakanaka kwebasa reABA kunobvumira kugadzirwa kwemaitiro akadai se controlled deficit kudiridza, umo kushushikana kwemvura kwakadzikama kunokonzerwa pane dzimwe nguva dzekutenderera kuitira kuti simiti iite nzira dzekudzivirira (kusanganisira synthesis yeABA), inovandudza kushandiswa kwayo kwemvura kushandiswa uye kushivirira zviri nani kusanaya kwemvura kunotevera.
Muzvirimwa zvakaita semuzambiringa, exogenous applications of S-ABA Munguva yeveraison, ABA inovandudza ruvara rweberry uye kufana kweboka, zvichikonzera mhando yepamusoro yekutengesa. Mune michero isiri-climacteric (mazambiringa, mastrawberries, citrus michero), ABA yakanyatsobatanidzwa nemaitiro ekuibva, kunyanya maererano nemuvara uye kuunganidzwa kwemhando yemhando.
Brassinosteroids: chirimwa steroid yekukura uye kusagadzikana kushivirira
Brassinosteroids imhuri ye chirimwa steroids ine mhedzisiro ine simba kwazvo pakupatsanurwa kwesero uye kurebesa, photomorphogenesis, uye mhinduro kumhando dzakasiyana dzekushushikana. Pakati pemafomu ayo anonyanyozivikanwa anoshanda ndeaya catasterone (CS) uye brassinolide (BS).
Ivo vanoita nekusimudzira kukura kwemadzinde nemidzi, modulating kukura kwenhengo dzekubereka, uye kutora chikamu kumera kwembeuUyezve, ivo vanopesvedzera senescence yemashizha uye kugona kuchengetedza photosynthetic chiitiko pasi pemamiriro akashata. Izvi zvinovaita vanofarira kukwikwidza kune biostimulant formulations yakanangwa kuwedzera kushivirira kune biotic uye abiotic kusagadzikana.
Strigolactones: inhibit branching uye chiratidzo che mycorrhizae
Strigolactones ichangobva kuwedzera kune "mahomoni mepu", asi yakaratidza kuve vatambi vakakosha mune. zvivakwa zvemuchadenga nepasi pevhu yemiti. Rimwe remabasa avo anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye inhibition ye lateral branchingkuita semabhureki kudzivirira chirimwa kuti chisaburitse mapazi akawanda kana zviwanikwa zvishoma.
Pamidzi yemidzi, ivo vanofarira chikuru midzi kukuraasi vanodzivisa kukura kwemidzi yekuuya. Uyezve, ivo vanotora chikamu mumashizha senescence uye, pamusoro pezvose, zviratidzo zvakakosha mu symbiosis ne mycorrhizal fungiMidzi inoburitsa strigolactones muvhu inokwezva nekuita fungi, kutanga kuumbwa kwe mycorrhizae, mubatanidzwa unovandudza zvakanyanya kutorwa kwemvura nemamineral nutrients.
Jasmonates uye salicylic acid: kudzivirirwa kwehomoni kurwisa tupukanana uye kushushikana
Jasmonates (JA) uye salicylic acid (SA) inopedzisa boka re phytohormones rinobatanidzwa mu chirimwa kudzivirira kurwisa zvirwere, herbivores uye kushushikanaKunyangwe izvo zvakapihwa zvichitaura nezvavo muchidimbu, zvinozivikanwa kumisa nzira dzakaomarara dzekuratidzira dzinokurudzira kugadzirwa kwematabolites ekudzivirira, mapuroteni ePR, uye makomisheni akashata anogona kutokwezva vavengi vezvipembenene.
Salicylic acid yakanyatsobatanidzwa nayo akawana systemic resistance kurwisa biotrophic pathogens, nepo jasmonates inobatanidzwa nemhinduro kune kukuvara kwemagetsi, zvipembenene zvekutsenga, uye necrotrophic pathogens. Ose ari maviri anodyidzana nemamwe mahormone, achigadzirisa chiyero pakati kukura nekudzivirira, chiyero chakakosha pasi pemamiriro ekurima kwakanyanya.
Kushanda kushandiswa kwe phytohormones mune zvekurima nekurima
Iyi yese hormonal framework haingori dzidziso chete: ine chaiyo kongiri yekushandisa mumabasa emazuva ano ekurima uye mu. kurima mudzimba uye nehunyanzviChakavanzika chiri pakuziva kuti ndeipi hormone inotonga muchikamu chega chega chekurima uye chatinoda kuzadzisa: midzi yakawanda, nhungirwa yakawanda, michero iri nani, kukura kukuru, kukurumidza kana kuibva zvishoma nezvishoma, nezvimwewo.
Imwe yenzira dzakareruka uye dzinoshanda zvakanyanya ndeye plant architecture controlNekuchekerera matekiniki anoshandura iyo auxin / cytokinin chiyero (somuenzaniso, nekucheka apex kuderedza apical dominance), lateral branching inogona kukurudzirwa muzvirimwa zvakadai sematomatisi, mhiripiri, blueberries, uye michero yematombo. Izvi zvinoguma nematavi akawanda anobereka uye, muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuwedzera kukuru kwemaruva uye fruiting points.
Muzviyo nezvimwe zvirimwa zvakakura, zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa: gibberellin inhibitors se trinexapac-ethyl kupfupisa madzinde uye kudzivirira pokugara, kunatsiridza kugadzikana kwechirimwa uye kufambisa kukohwa kwemichina. Panguva imwecheteyo, goho rinochengetwa kana kutowedzera kuvonga kugovera kuri nani kwezviwanikwa kune nzeve kana nhengo inokohwewa.
Kutungamira kwe kutumbuka, kugadzirwa kwemichero uye kufutisa muchero Inovimbawo ne phytohormones. Mune matomatisi egreenhouse, semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kweiyo synthetic auxins panguva yekutumbuka kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya seti yemichero, kunyanya kana tembiricha kana hunyoro mamiriro asina kunaka kune zvakasikwa pollination. Zvadaro, kurapwa kwakasanganiswa kwegibberellins uye cytokinins mumiti yemichero kunobatsira kuvandudza saizi yemichero, chinhu chinotaridza mumutengo wekupedzisira.
Kukohwa uye kushambadzira Logistics inobatsira kubva kudzora kuibva ne ethylene uye inhibitors yayoVagadziri vemichero nemiriwo uye zvirimwa zvinogadzira zvinoshandisa ethephon kana ethylene makamuri kuwiriranisa kuibva kwepineapple, bhanana, kana tomato, nepo 1-MCP nemamwe matekinoroji ekuvharisa ethylene anobvumira michero nemaruva kuti zvichengetwe zvakanaka kwenguva yakareba, kuderedza kurasikirwa uye kuwedzera misika yekunze.
Mukutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye nekuwedzera kwezviitiko zvinoshungurudza, ruzivo rwemahomoni akadai seABA uye cytokinins kwakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzekugadzirisa. kudiridza nekuisa fetiraiza uye kushandisa biostimulants. Zvigadzirwa zvakapfuma mu cytokinins zvinowanzoiswa foliarly panguva dzakaoma kunonoka mashizha senescence uye kuchengetedza photosynthetic kugona, nepo kutonga nehungwaru kwekudzora kushushikana kwemvura kunogona "kudzidzisa" zvirimwa kuti zvirambe zviri nani panguva yakaoma nekuda kwe activation yeABA.
Mukupararira kwechirimwa, mune zvese munzvimbo dzekurera uye mumarabhoritari etsika, kushandiswa kweauxins uye cytokinins kunobvumira kugadzirwa kwakawanda. clonal mbesa, zvishongo uye michero miti ine homogeneous maitiro. Nekugadzirisa kutarisisa uye zviyero, kuumbwa kwema calluses, kupfura, kana pfuma sezvinodiwa, kupfupisa nguva uye kuwedzera kubudirira kwemhando mumarudzi akaoma.
Kubatanidza ese maturusi aya kunoda kutarisisa dhamu, nguva yekushandisa, phenological nhanho, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kusangana pakati pemahomoniKashoma kuti enzyme imwe chete iite yakazvimiririra: iyo auxin / cytokinin chiyero inosarudza kana midzi kana nhungirwa fomu, iyo gibberellins / ABA ratio inotonga kumera, uye kuvapo kwe ethylene uye jasmonates kunogadzirisa mhinduro kukuvadza kana hutachiona. Kugadzirisa idzi synergies uye kupokana zvinobudirira ndiko kunoita mutsauko pakati pekushandisa kwakanaka uye mhedzisiro inoodza mwoyo.
Kudyara hormonal physiology iri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza, uye isu tiri kuwedzera kujairana nema receptors, masaini nzira, uye chinangwa chemajini yemhuri yega yega phytohormone. Zviratidzo zvose zvinoratidza kuti mumakore anotevera tichaona mhando dzakavandudzwa dzine mhinduro dzakagadziriswa dzehomoniSensors inokwanisa kufungidzira "hormonal state" yezvirimwa munguva chaiyo uye kuwedzera kwakaringana uye kwakasimba maumbirwo. Kune varimi vanonzwisisa, nyanzvi, uye vanofarira, kugara uchifambirana nenguva mundima iyi imari yakanaka kana chinangwa chacho chakanyatsogadzikana, chinoshanda, uye chinochengetedza zvakatipoteredza.