Mufarinya, uyo unozivikanwawo semanioc, casava, kana guacamote zvichienderana nenharaunda, chimwe chezvirimwa zvakakosha uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemunzvimbo dzinopisa pasi rose. Kugona kwayo kukura muvhu rakasiyana uye munzvimbo dzinodziya Izvi zvaita kuti ive yakakosha mukuwanikwa kwechikafu nehupfumi hwenharaunda zhinji dzekumaruwa. Kunyange zvazvo kurimwa kwomufarinya kungaratidzika kuva kwakapfava pakutanga, kusima kwayo, kutarisira, uye kukohwewa kunoda ruzivo rwakati rwounyanzvi nemiitiro inokurudzirwa inoita musiyano pakati pegoho rinobudirira nerakakundikana.
Ngatiburitse zvese zvaunoda kuziva dyara mufarinya Nhanho nhanho, kubva pakusarudza ivhu rakakodzera kusvika pakukohwa machubhu kuti uwedzere kukosha kwekudya.
Mamiriro akanaka ekurima mufarinya
Usati watanga kudyara mbeu, Yucca, zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo zvinoda kugara uchipisa, hunyoro hwepamusoro uye kuratidzwa nezuva kwakanaka. Inokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine tembiricha iri pakati pe20 ne32 °C. yakagadzikana, sezvo tembiricha iri pasi pe10 °C inomisa kukura kwayo uye kutonhora kwenguva refu kunogona kuuraya. Pamusoro pe, chiedza chezuva chakakosha: Chirimwa ichi chinoda chiedza chezuva muswere wese wezuva kuti chikure zvine simba uye chibereke midzi yakanaka.
La mufarinya inowanikwa kunzvimbo dzinopisa uye inochinjirwa kune hunyoro. Zvisinei, inoshivirira kusanaya kwemvura zviri nani pane kudonhedza mvura, saka unofanira kuona kuti ivhu rinonyura zvakanaka uye hariunganidzi mvura. Kana munda uri munzvimbo inonaya mvura yakawanda, zvinokurudzirwa kuti pave nemugero wemvura kana kudyara pamipata kudzivirira matambudziko.
Kusarudzwa kwenyika nekugadzirira
Kusarudzwa kwevhu kwakakosha kune ramangwana rekudyara. Tarisa ivhu rakaorera, rakadzika uye risina kusimba, zvichida nehutu kana jecha uye kuvapo kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Dzivisa ivhu rakatsikirira zvakanyanya uye iro rinowanzoita kuzara nemvura mushure mekunaya. Chiratidzo chakanaka chiri kuwana makonye anoshanda uye zvakanaka zvinomera zvechisikigo pachirongwa, zvinoratidza ivhu rine hutano.
Nzvimbo yakakodzera inofanira kuva furati kana nemateru akapfava (pasi pe15%) Kuti udzivise kukukurwa, batsira kucheneswa nekukohwa, uye kubvumira mvura kuti ibude. Zvakakoshawo kuziva nhoroondo yekushandiswa: kana ivhu rakavhurika kwemakore akati wandei, rinopa chikafu chakawanda uye kuderedza kuvapo kwezvipembenene. Sezvineiwo, dzivisa nzvimbo dzakakura tupukanana kana matambudziko ezvirwere zvinogara zvichiitika, pamwe nenzvimbo yakapedzwa nekurima mumwe chete.
Magadzirirwo evhu rekudyara
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekutanga enyika, kugadzirira kwevhu kuchasiyana:
- Mune zvirongwa yakatorimwa Munguva ichangopfuura, zvakakwana kubvisa sora, kuita imwe kana maviri nzira yegejo uye kuenzanisa ivhu kugadzirira mbeu yembeu.
- Kana uchibva a furawa pfupi ine nyemba senge mucuna kana pueraria, sanganisa chirimwa chinoramba chiri fetiraiza kana kuishandisa semulch kuvandudza chimiro uye kubereka.
- Munyaya ye masango akareba kana masango echipiri, tanga wacheka zvinomera uye, kana zvichidiwa, ita zvinodzorwa kupisa (nekuchenjerera) kubvisa tsvina yehuni uye kufambisa kurima.
Muzviitiko zvese, inobvisa rhizomes nemidzi yemasora anoparadza, kunyanya yerudzi rweImperata (serutsanga kana cisca), iyo inokwikwidza zvakasimba nemufarinya uye inogona kuderedza goho zvakanyanya. Kana masora awanda, unogona kushandisa mishonga yesora usati watanga basa revhu.
Kurima uye kutarisira ivhu
Kuti ugadzire munda wakasimba wemufarinya, zvinokurudzirwa kuita a kurima kwakadzika kwe15 kusvika ku30 cm negejo, zvichiteverwa neraking kuderedza mavhinga uye kupedza nekukwira kana ivhu richida. Nzira iyi inovandudza aeration, anotyora compaction, anodzora sora y inofambisa kukura kwemidzi.
Muivhu rejecha kana risina kusimba, zviri nani kusarudza nzira dzekurima dzisinganyanyi kurima, kuitira chengetedza chimiro chevhu uye hupenyu. Usanyanyoshandisa gejo paivhu rakareruka: inongotyora chete denga repamusoro kuti zvibvumire kuchekwa kudzika nyore nyore.
Kana iwe uchikwanisa kuwana tekinoroji yekurima yedhijitari, tora mukana wemateru uye mamepu ekumusoro kuti uone nzvimbo dzinoda basa chairo, sekuwedzera kujekesa kana shanduko yekurima.
Kusarudza nekugadzirira mhando yemufarinya
Imwe yemhosho huru pakurima mufarinya ndeye kusasarudza mhando yakakodzera yemamiriro enzvimbo kana kwekupedzisira kwechigadzirwa. Kune mhando dzakawanda, asi dzakagadziridzwa dzinomira pachena. (semuenzaniso TME 419, TMS 98/002, Pro-Vit A), iyo yakasarudzwa Kuramba kwechirwere, kuchinjika uye kushanda kwakanyanya.
Mufarinya unokamurwa kuita zvinotapira uye zvinovava maererano nezvavo cyanogenic compound content. Mhando dzinovava dzine yakawanda hydrocyanic acid (HCN) uye nekudaro inoda a kunyatsobika kubika usati wadya kudzivirira chepfu. Zvinotapira, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kudyiwa mushure mekubika zvakajairika pasina njodzi shoma.
Kugadzirira yucca cuttings
Nzira yakavimbika uye inokurumidza kuparadzira mufarinya ndeye stem cuttings (kucheka). Kuberekwa kwembeu kunongoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvekuvandudzwa kwemajini, sezvo kumera kuri kushoma uye zvinokonzeresa zvinomera zvinenge zvisina kuenzana.
Tevedza matanho aya kuti uve nechokwadi chekudyara kwakabudirira ne cuttings:
- Sarudza midzi kubva kune hutano, isina zvirwere, zvichida kumucheto kwezasi kwechitsiko, iyo inowedzera kukura uye yakasimba.
- Cheka zvidimbu zve 20 kusvika 25 cm kureba uye 2 cm mudhayamita, kuona kuti dzine makwati akura uye pasina mashizha.
- Shandisa maturusi ekucheka akachena, anopinza, zvezvirimwa zvine hutano chete, kudzivirira kutapurirana kwehutachiona kana fungi.
- Ita shuwa kuti wacheka zvakachena, pasina kubvongodza bark, kuitira kuti zvidimbu zvichengetedze hupenyu hwavo hwose kana zvakadyarwa.
- Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza zvidimbu usati wadyara, zvichengete muvhu nyoro, masaga epurasitiki, kana mvura kuti zvisaoma uye kuti zvisazomera.
Kudyara mufarinya: nzira uye kuwanda
Kudyara nekucheka, shandisa Hutano hunde zvidimbu 9 kusvika 30 cm kureba, pamwe chete node imwe inoonekaIwe unogona kudyara cuttings yakatwasuka kana yakarara pasi, pakadzika pakati pe5 ne10 cm, kuona kuti vanowana hunyoro hwakakwana uye kudya kubva muvhu. Zvakakosha dyara mushure menjodzi yechando uye, munzvimbo dzine mvura inonaya, tora mukana wekutanga kwemwaka wemvura kuti uone kumera.
Kugovera nzira uye mapuranga ekudyara
- Classic grid nzira: Inosanganisira kuparadzanisa zvirimwa nemitsara nemamita imwe, izvo zvinobvumira kuva nepamusoro 10.000 zvirimwa pahekitaNdiyo yakajairika sarudzo yemhando dzechinyakare uye inovimbisa kuwana kwakanaka kwechiedza uye zvinovaka muviri.
- Kusima kwakamira kwemhando dzisiri dzemapazi: Muchirongwa ichi, mitsara inochengetedzwa mita imwe chete uye kudyara kunoitwa hafu yega yega kusvika pamatatu emamita mumutsara, izvo zvinobvumira kuwandana kukuru pasina kupira kukudziridzwa kwemidzi.
- Stem kuwanda nzira: Yakanakira kumafuro kana kuuchika mbeu dzezvinomera, kupatsanura mbesa masendimita makumi mashanu mukati nepakati pemitsara. Pano, kukura kwedzinde kunoiswa pamberi pekukura kwemidzi.
Kutsiva akakundikana cuttings
Pakudyara mufarinya, zvinowanzoitika kuti hazvisi zvese zvakatemwa zvinodzika midzi. Kuchengetedza density yakakodzera, tarisa munda mushure memavhiki maviri uye bvisa zvidimbu zvipi zvazvo zvisina kumera. Usatsiva avo vakakuvadzwa nokusanaya kwemvura kusvikira kwanaya, sezvo zvichange zvisingabatsiri kudyara zvitsva muvhu rakaoma. Nguva dzose shandisa zvicherwa zvitsva uye zvine utano kune zvinotsiva, kuvapinza mumakomba matsva kuti vavandudze mikana yavo yekubudirira.
Basic care mushure mekudyara
Mufarinya chirimwa chakasimba, asi chinodaviro zvakanaka kune dzimwe nzira dzekutarisira dzinounza mutsauko muhuwandu uye kunaka kwegoho. Fertilization, sora, zvipembenene uye kudzivirira zvirwere Ndiwo makiyi ekuti chirimwa chikure chakasimba uye chibereke midzi inonaka.
Fertilization yekukurudzira midzi
Kunyanya muvhu rakarimwa kwemaitiro akati wandei, kuiswa kwemafetereza ndiko zvakakosha kuchengetedza goho. Mufarinya unoda zvikuru phosphorus ne potassium kugadzira midzi mikuru uye matura ezvitoro. Iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera nenitrogen: kuwedzeredza kunogona kukonzera mashizha akawanda asi midzi mishoma.Isa mafetireza mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga, apo chirimwa chiri kuumba midzi yayo.
Mumapurazi maduku, zvakajairika kushandisa fetereza yepasi semupfudze wemombe kana dhadha, nepo mumapurazi makuru mamineral fertilizer anoshandiswa, anodirwa zvichienderana nekuongorora ivhu.
Zvipembenene, zvirwere uye kudzora sora
Mufarinya Inogona kukanganiswa nezvirwere senge mosaic virus uye anthracnose uyewo nematenda ezvipembenene izvozvo kuderedza goho remidzi. Kudzivirira kwakakosha: shandisa resistant marudzi, chengetedza munda wakachena uye anoshandisa zvidzoreso zvebhayoloji netsika asati ashandisa makemikari.
Muchiitiko chezviratidzo zvechirwere kana kukuvara kwezvipembenene, Ita chiito nokukurumidzaBvisa zvirimwa zvakakanganisika uye bvunza neagronomists kana dambudziko rikawedzera. Chirwere cheMosaic chinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kweanopfuura 15% pagore, saka kutarisa nekudzivirira kwakakosha.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti mufarinya ukure?
El Kukura kwemufarinya kwakareba kudarika zvimwe zvirimwa, uye inosiyana zvichienderana nemhando yakasimwa. Kune mhando dzemhando dzekutanga kukurumidza kuibva (dzakadai seSree Jaya, TME 419 neZizila) dzinogona kunge dzagadzirira kukohwewa 6 kusvika 12 mwedziNekudaro, marudzi echinyakare uye anonoka kuibva (Butamu, Disanka, Nsansi, pakati pevamwe) anogona kutora kusvika 24 mwedzi mukupedzisa kutenderera kwayo.
Mamiriro ekunze akadai sekusanaya kwemvura, kunaya kwemvura yakawandisa, kana tembiricha shoma zvinogona kunonoka kuumbwa kwemidzi yekutengeserana. Naizvozvo, Zvakakosha kusarudza mwaka wekudyara wakakodzera uye gadzirisa kutarisira maererano nemamiriro ekunze.
Mufarinya uchakohwa sei uye rinhi
Kazhinji, the Kukohwa mufarinya kunoitika pakati pemwedzi misere nemakumi maviri kubva wadyarwa., kugadzirisa kune zvakasiyana-siyana uye kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwemudzi. Kunyangwe midzi yakawanda inosvika pakukura kwakanaka mumwedzi 8-12, Inenge mwedzi 18-20 apo vanounganidza yakawanda starch uye zvinovaka muviriKana yakasara muvhu kwenguva yakareba, midzi inova yakaoma uye kukosha kwayo kwekutengeserana kunoderera.
Nguva yekukohwa inobvawo pamusika. Kuti ushandiswe patsva, kohwa apo mudzi une huremu hwakanaka uye magadzirirwo. Kuti ugadzirise kuita sitachi kana hupfu, mirira kusvika padanho rekuibva, usingaite kuti isvike padanho rakaomarara.
Nzira dzekukohwa
- Kukohwa nemaoko: Nzira yakajairika yezvirimwa zvidiki. Matanda anochekwa pasi uye anobviswa nebadza kana mamwe maturusi, uchichenjerera kusakuvadza midzi.
- Semi-mechanized kukohwa: Pamapurazi akakura zviri pakati nepakati, michina inoshandiswa kufambisa ivhu uye kufambisa kutorwa kwemaoko kunotevera.
- Kukohwa nemichina: Pamapurazi akakura, michina yehunyanzvi inokohwa, kuchenesa, uye kutanha nenzira imwe chete, kugadzirisa nguva nesimba.
Inokurudzirwa Usasiya midzi muvhu kwenguva yakareba mushure mekukanda., sezvavanorasikirwa nehutano nokukurumidza: vanogona kuparara mumazuva maviri chete. Kuvachengeta munzvimbo inotonhora yekuchengetera kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo kwemamwe mazuva mashoma, asi kukurumidza kuendesa kumusika kana kugadzirisa zviri nani. Kuisa zvirimwa pamusoro pemavhiki maviri vasati vakohwa Inogona kuvandudza goho nechikamu che10%, ichifarira kuwanda kwe sitachi uye kuita kuti kukohwa kuve nyore.