Kushandura zvimedu zvekicheni nebindu kuita compost yemhando yepamusoro zviri nyore pane zvazvinoita uye zvinobatsira zvikuru zvirimwa zvako. Necomposting yemumba, uri kuita chikamu chako kubatsira zvakatipoteredza. denderedzwa hupfumiIwe unoderedza marara uye uwane ivhu rakawanda uye rakaorera pasina kushandisa makemikari.
Kupfuura kuve fashoni, kugadzira manyowa itsika ine zviuru zvemakore enhoroondo iyo yava kuita kudzoka kwakasimba nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza uye kukosha kwehupfumi. Nekudzidza kuita compost, unoshandura marara kuita sosi: unowana hupfumi hwakapfuma izvo inovandudza substrate chimiroInowedzera kuchengetedza mvura uye inosimudzira hupenyu hwevhu, inobatsirawo kudzivirira tupukanana.
Chii chinonzi composting uye nei uchizviita kumba?
Composting inzira yehupenyu umo mabhakitiriya, fungi, uye diki invertebrates (kusanganisira Earthworms, chokwadi vermicompostingVanoodza marara pasi pemhepo inodzorwa uye humidity mamiriro. Mhedzisiro yacho manyowa: a fetireza yechisikigo uye yakagadzikana izvo zvinoita kuti ivhu riwedzere kusimba.
Kugadzira compost yako pachako kunoderedza chikamu cheorganic chinopedzisira chave mumafiritsi kana kupisa, kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kubatsira nharaunda. kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunzeKumba, zvinorevawo kuchengetedza: unoshandisa zvakare zvawaimborasa uye unoita pasina mafetireza ekutengesa.
Kompositi inopa chikafu (N, P, K uye micronutrients), inosimudzira kuunganidzwa kwevhu, inovandudza kupinda mukati uye inoderedza kukukurwaKunyanya kushandiswa kwayo kunosanganisira kupinza fetiraiza hari nemapindu, kudzoreredza ivhu rakasakara, uye, pamwero mukuru, kunyange kugadzira [chimwe chinhu]. biogas mune chaiyo zvivako.
Green uye brown zvinhu: chiyero chinoita mutsauko
Kuti nzira yacho iende zvakanaka, unoda kusanganisa mapoka maviri ezvigadzirwa. Aya anonzi girinhi (yakapfuma munitrogen) activate microbial life uye mhanyisa kuora. bhurawuni (yakapfuma mu kabhoni) inopa chimiro, kudzivirira kukaka uye kubatsira kudzora unyoro.
Pakati pemashizha, unogona kuwedzera zvakasara michero nemiriwo, nzvimbo dzekofi, uye tea bagshuswa huchangobva kuchekwa, mashizha manyoro, maruva akaoma uye akapwanyika mazaiZvinhu zvinyoro zvinoora zvinokurumidza kuora.
Mabrown anosanganisira mashizha akaoma, uswa nehuswa, matavi madiki uye machipisi, makadhibhokisi uye bepa risina lamination kana inki dzinonetsa, sawdust kubva kuhuni isina kucheneswa, mateko enzungu, uye kunyange. corksYakaoma uye ine fibrous, vanochengeta manyowa aerated.
Sekutonga kwechigunwe, chinangwa chechiyero che 2-3 zvikamu zvebrown kusvika 1 chikamu chegiriniMukuita, izvi zvinoturikira kuita matinji mashava akakora pane akasvibira, kana kuwedzera "ruoko" rwakanaka rwezvimwe zvakawoma pese paunowedzera zvinhu zvitsva.
Chii chinopinda mucompost uye chii chisingaiti
Pane zvinhu zvinofanirwa kudziviswa kuchengetedza maitiro akachena. pasina hwema hwakaipa Uyewo zvipembenene hazvifaniri. Havafanirwe kunge vari mubhini rako recompost. nyama, hove, mapfupa, kana zvinogadzirwa nemukakamafuta kana girizi, tsvina yezvipfuyo, huni dzakacheneswa, pendi kana makemikari, zvirimwa zvinorwara, kana sora rine mhodzi dzakura.
Ukuwo, zvimedu zvemichero nemiriwo, makofi netii, magoko emazai, mashizha akaomeswa, zvidimbu zvekuchekerera miti, masoha asina kucheneswa, manapukeni akashandiswa uye bepa rekicheni (muzvishoma), makadhibhokisi akabvaruka, uye. matavi mateteIwe uchaona kuti mamwe madhairekitori anotaura mapfupa ehove kana imwe mhuka inosara; technically they compost, asi kumba zviri nani kuvasiya kunze kudzivirira mhuka dzisingadiwe.
Chirevo chinobatsira: kunyangwe marara echipfuwo asina kuwedzerwa kumba composting, kune chaiwo mafetiraiza akadai bat guano Izvi zvakarapwa kushandiswa kwekurima uye zvine hutano hwepamusoro. Izvo hazvina kusanganiswa mumakombiki epamba, asi zvakanaka kuziva kuti aripo.
Iwo mana nhanho ekuita: aya ndiwo mafambiro anoita stack yako
Kushandura tsvina yako kuita “black gold” Iyo inopfuura nematanho ane tembiricha dzakasiyana uye microbial chiitiko. Kunzwisisa nhanho idzi kunobatsira kugadzirisa aeration uye hunyoro padanho rega rega uye kunzwisisa kuti sei murwi uchipisa kana kutonhora.
Phase mesophilic (2-3 mazuva): Pakupisa kuri pakati nepakati, mesophilic microorganisms anotanga kuora kwemakomisheni akareruka. Murwi unova "activated" uye unotanga kuburitsa kupisa.
Phase thermophilic (Masvondo 1-2): Pakupisa kuri pamusoro pe45-60 ° C, utachiona hwe thermophilic hunopwanya mamorekuru akaoma semapuroteni nemafuta. Iyi nhanho inochenesa zvinhu uye inomhanyisa maitiro, ichivandudza kunaka kweiyo compost yekupedzisira.
Chikamu che kutonhora (mavhiki kana mwedzi): tembiricha inodzikira, mwero wekuora unodzikira, uye zvipenyu zvinoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoonekwa. Iyi inguva yekubatanidzwa kwemusanganiswa.
Chikamu che kukura (mwedzi): Tupukanana tunobata zvishoma nezvishoma patsvina inoshingirira kusvika yadzikama. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, zvinhu, uye mabatirwo, izvi zvinogona kutora mwedzi inoverengeka kana kutosvika gore mukutonhora zvikuru uye kusingawanzo pinduka mirwi.
Nhanho nhanho: kumisikidza yako compost bhini kumba
Kutanga kuenda ku isa compost bin yako kumba Ndezvekusarudza nzvimbo chaiyo. Tsvaga chikamu chemumvuri uye mhepo yakanaka kudzivirira zviri mukati kuti zvisaoma zvakanyanya kana kuzara nemvura. Patio, kona yebindu, kana kunyange balcony ichashanda kana mudziyo wakanyatsogadzirwa.
Iyo composter yekutengeserana ine chivharo ichashanda, kana iwe unogona kuzviita iwe pachako kubva pallets kana yakasimba michero crate. Zvakakosha kuti inobvumira mweya kutenderera uye kuchengetedza unyoro. Kana zvichiita, isa mukati kubata pasi kufambisa kupinda kwemakonye uye ma microorganisms anobatsira.
Usati wawedzera tsvina, isa a simbi pajira riya (Dzivisa vanopinda vakaita semakonzo) uye kuparadzira 2-3 cm layer yevhu rakanaka. Pamusoro pazvo, tanga kushandura zvidimbu: kutanga zvinhu zvakasvibirira (matavi, mashizha akaoma), ipapo girini (zvimedu zvekicheni), zvichingodaro.
Chengetedza chiyero che2-3: 1 uchifarira brown. Ivhara imwe yega yega neyakaoma kuti uvhare mukunhuhwirira uye nhunzi dukuMushure mebatch yega yega, pfapfaidza mvura kana nzvimbo yacho yakaoma: mwando wakakodzera wakafanana nea chipanje chakanyatsoputikaisingadonhedzi.
Dzivisa kubatanidza zvakanyanya. Sunungura neforogo kana tsvimbo. mazuva ose 7-14 Kuwedzera okisijeni, uye kana ukaona murwi uchiturikidzana kana kunhuhwirira zvisinganzwisisike, udzorere kazhinji. Kana yanyanya kunyorova, wedzera zvimwe zvebrown; kana yakaoma, isa mvura zvishoma.
Humidity control uye kufefetera: moyo wekubudirira
Pasina mvura uye oksijeni hapana aerobic composting: maitiro anononoka kana kuva anaerobic uye zvipembenene zvinoonekwa zvakaipa zvinonhuwiraTarisa mwando neruoko kaviri pasvondo; wedzera mvura kana zvinhu zvinoputsika kana zvaoma, uye kutsiva zvakawandisa nemashizha uye shredded kadhibhodhi paunoona ichidonha.
Ventilation yakakosha zvakaenzana. Kuipidigura hakuna kufanana nekuirova. Fambisa zvinhu kubva kumacheto kuenda pakatiuko tembiricha dzakakwirira dzinosvikwa, uye dzinosunungura zvidimbu zvakabatanidzwa zvinonamatirana. Chirongwa chekushandura chemazuva manomwe kusvika gumi chinowanzo shanda, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzinotonhora unogona kuzvipa kusvika kumasvondo maviri.
Iyo tembiricha ichakuudza kuti zvinhu zviri kufamba sei: kana musimboti uchidziya kana kupisa pakubata, kuora kuri kufambira mberi. Kana isingambodziyi, tarisa reshiyo ye magirini uye mashava uye hunyoro, panogona kunge paine kushomeka kwenitrogen, mvura kana oxygen.
Nguva yekukura uye zviratidzo kuti yakagadzirira
Iyo purogiramu inotsamira pane yako manejimendi maitiro uye mamiriro ekunze. Nemidziyo yakachekwa, musanganiswa wakanaka, aeration kazhinji, uye kunyorova kwakagadziridzwa, unogona kuwana compost inoshandiswa mu [nguva isipo]. 2-6 mwedziKana iwe ukaisiya "pachega" uye mumamiriro ekutonhora, zvinogona kutora mwedzi 6-12.
Kana compost yakura, haugone kusiyanisa zvinhu zvepakutanga. ruvara rwakasvibiraInofanira kuva nehutu hwakasununguka uye kunhuhwirira kunofadza, kwevhu. Haifanirwe kunhuhwirira yakaviriswa kana semarara. Kana ichinhuwa, inenge isina mhepo inofefetera kana kuti yakanyanyisa.
Mumidziyo mirefu, zvinhu zviri pazasi zvinowanzogadzirirwa pamberi pezvinhu zviri kumusoro. Iwe unogona kuivhura kubva pasi (kana composter yako ichibvumira) uye kukohwa chikamu ichocho chete, kurega vamwe vose vachienderera mberi nemaitiro avo pamusoro.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika uye nzira yekuzvidzivisa
Kunhuhwirira kwakasimba: Izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nekudonha kwemvura, kushaikwa kwemhepo, kana kusvibira kwakanyanya. Mhinduro: Isai hari, wedzera zvinhu zvakaomeswa zvebrown (mashizha, makadhibhokisi), uye tarisa kuti chikamu chepamusoro chapera. yakaoma layer.
Kukura zvishoma nezvishoma: kazhinji kushaya nitrogen, kupisa, kana kutema. Wedzera mamwe magidhi, mvura kana yakaoma. Zviri nani kana zvakasara zvakachekwa. uye inowedzera kutendeuka frequency kukwidza tembiricha.
Zvipembenene kana vashanyi vasingadiwi: izvi zvinoderedzwa nekudzivisa zvigadzirwa zvemhuka uye kuvhara composter zvakasimba nechivharo. Kugara uchiwedzera yekupedzisira brown layer (mashizha, kadhibhodhi) inobatsira vanza zvakasara zvitsva haachakwezve tumbuyu.
Kompositi yakanyanyisa kunyorova: gadzirisa nemafuta akawanda ebrown (mashanga, mashizha, makadhibhokisi) uye kuvhura mudziyo kuti upinde mhepoDzivisa kudiridza usina kujairika; tanga watarisa mwando chaiwo neruoko rwako.
Maitiro ekushandisa manyowa mumapindu emiriwo, magadheni emaruva uye hari dzemaruva
Kuti ugadzirire ivhu usati wadyara, isa 2 kusvika 5 cm yemacompost pamusoro pevhu wosanganisa nayo. kutanga 10-15 cmMuhari, sanganisa chikamu chimwechete checompost kusvika pazvikamu zvitatu zvesubstrate kuti upfumise pasina kuguta (ona fetireza yekumba yezvirimwa zvehari).
Semulch, tambanudza 2-5 cm kutenderedza zvirimwa zvako kuchengetedza hunyoro uye kudzivirira ivhu, uchisiya hwaro hwehunde huri pachena kudzivirira fungal kukura. Muzvirimwa zvakasimbiswa, kuiswa kwepamusoro kunoteverwa nekudiridza kunomutsidzira simba pasina kudiwa kwemafetereza emakemikari (ona mafetireza ekumba ezvirimwa zvako).
Kana iwe uchida kunyatsojeka, unogona kugadzirira "compost tii" yekudiridza kana kupfapfaidza foliar. Zviri a mvura inobviswa yakatakurwa nema microorganisms anobatsira iyo inozadzisa fetireza yakasimba.
Maitiro ekuita compost tii nhanho nhanho
Shandisa mvura isina chlorine kudzivirira kukuvadza microbiology: zvakanaka mvura inonayamvura yakadirwa kana yepombi inosiiwa kumira kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Isa 1 chikamu chakakura mupfudze mukati mebhegi rejira uye uinyudze muzvikamu gumi zvemvura, uchiwana mupfudze wemvura.
Rega igare kwemaawa 24-48, ichikurudzira dzimwe nguva. Zvadaro, shandisa mvura mukati memaawa mashomanana anotevera kudiridza nheyo yemiti kana kumwaya mashizha. Kana iwe usingakwanise kuishandisa nekukasira, chengeta munzvimbo inotonhorera uye Kuzunungusa usati washandisa.
Mazano anoshanda ekugadzirisa komputa
Alternate layers etsvina yakanyorova uye yakaoma, kuchengetedza chiyero che2-3: 1 uye nguva dzose ichipedzisa neshava. Iyi yakarongeka "sandwich" inoderedza kunhuhwirira uye zvipembenene uye inochengeta kutenderera kweokisijeni.
Shandisa composter ine chivharo kuti ugadzikane tembiricha uye hunyoro. Ventilate pamwe a vhiki nevhiki kana bi-vhiki yekuchinjakunyanya pamazuva anodziya kana kana ukaona kunhuhwirira kunovava, kunoratidza kushaya mhepo.
Mvura chete kana pasi nepakati pakaoma. Chinangwa ndechekuti "wrung-out sponge" rudzi rwehunyoro. Kana iwe ukaona greyish tint mukati memukati, kazhinji chiratidzo che... kuoma kwakanyanyaWedzera mvura.
Yeuka kuti chigadziko chine simbi mesh uye ivhu rinobatsira nekudonha uye inoculation ye microorganisms. Kucheka zvinhu kuita zvidimbu zvidiki kunomhanyisa zvinhu: matavi matete, kadhibhodhi rakabvaruka, uye zvimedu zvemukicheni zvakachekwa. vanoenda mberi.
Kana chikamu chepasi chagadzirira (chakasviba, chakasununguka, uye chinonhuwira pasi), chibvise uye rega vamwe vamhanye. Nenzira iyi unowana compost pasina kunonoka kuita. shanduko kutenderera kubva pazvikamu zvepamusoro.
Environmental note: chaiyo kukanganisa marara uye mamiriro ekunze
Kusvika 40% yemarara epamba anogona kuve organic uye compostable. Nekuirapa kumba, unoidzivirira kuti irege kupedzisira yapinda mumarara umo inogadzira methane, greenhouse gasi ine yakanyanya kudziya yekupisa kupfuura CO₂ (inofungidzirwa kumativi ese. Zvakapetwa kagumi zvine simba (mune dzimwe nguva). Chero bhakiti remarara raunoshandura kuita compost rinoderedza tsoka yako yezvakatipoteredza.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwecompost sechigadziriso chevhu kunoderedza kutsamira pafotereza inogadzirwa, kunoderedza kukukurwa, kunonatsiridza kuchengetwa kwemvura, uye kusimudzira. ivhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyanaMumapurazi nemakanzuru, kuita kwayo kunoderedza mari yekutonga marara uye kunobatsira kuvandudza ivhu rakasakadzwa.
Kompositi kumba inosanganisa tsika neramangwana: unoderedza marara, simbisa ivhu, uye chengeta zvirimwa zvako nefetereza yechisikigo, kuenzanisa zvinhu zvakasvibira uye zvebrown, kudzora hunyoro uye okisijeni, uye nekuremekedza nguva dzekukura. Nemaitiro mashoma akareruka (kuvhara, kutenderedza, kuchinjisa maseru, uye kudiridza chete kana zvichidikanwa), maitiro acho akachena uye anoshanda, uye mhedzisiro i... pfuma inokosha kumapindu emudhorobha, mapindu emaruva nehari dzemaruva.
