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Nguva yechando squash inozivikanwa nekuve inoshamisa zvakasiyana-siyana miriwo: inogara kwemwedzi yakawanda mukuchengetedza, inonaka mune soups, stews, kana yakabikwa ndiro, uyezve, kuwedzera kunakidza kunobata kuvhuvhu. Asi kuti uvatore kubva kubindu ... zvinotapira, zvinonhuhwirira uye zvinonakaHunyengeri hunotanga kare usati wabatidza ovheni: nguva yaunosarudza rini uye sei kuadyara.
Kana iwe uchinetseka nguva yekudyara yechando squash ye peak flavour, heino dhairekitori rakazara. Ngatitarisei pa nguva chaiyo yekudyara zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze, rudzi rwevhu, madiridziro nekuchengetedza feterezaNzira yekuvandudza sei pollination, zvipi zvishandiso zvinoita kuti basa rive nyore, uye kunyange kushandisa maruva nemichero mukicheni. Zvese nemaitiro anoshanda, anosvikika akagadzirirwa... dzimba dzekumbakungave kumaruwa kana pavharanda remudhorobha.
Karenda: Nguva yekudyara squash yechando kuti uwedzere kunaka
Kiyi yechando squash inovandudza yayo huwandu hweshuga, kugadzirwa kwakasimba uye nyama yakaoma Vanoda kupedzisa kutenderera kwehupenyu hwavo nekudziya kwakakodzera, pasina chando, uye kupenya kwezuva kwakawanda. Iwo zvirimwa zvinoda kupisa, sezvakangoita ... zucchini kana magaka.
Mumamiriro ekunze anodziya ekuchamhembe kwehemisphere, zvinowanzoitika kudyara squash yechando kubva. mukupera kwechirimo kusvika kutanga kwezhizhaIzvi zvinowanzoitika pakati pekutanga kwaMay kusvika pakupera kwaJune, zvichigara zvakamirira kusvikira njodzi yekunonoka kwechando yapera zvachose. Tarisa zvakare chii Zvirimwa zvinokurudzirwa muna May kana ukaronga karenda yebindu.
Semutungamiri mukuru, zvinokurudzirwa kuti usadyare kusvikira ivhu rasvika zvishoma 15°C tembiricha yakagadzikanaIvhu rinotonhora rinononotsa kumera, rinonetesa mbesa, uye kunonotsa mwaka wose zvoita kuti muchero ushaye kunaka kana goho ridiki.
Mutemo wakanaka wegunwe ndeyekumirira zvishoma mavhiki maviri mushure mekupedzisira kufanotaura chando munharaunda yako usati wadyara zvakananga muvhu. Kana usina chokwadi nezuva iroro, unogona kutarisa neregional weather service kana hofisi yezvekurima.
Munzvimbo dzine zhizha pfupi kana zvitubu zvinotonhora, varimi vazhinji vanosarudza kuunza mberi mwaka wekudyara. mibhedha yembeu yakachengetedzwa pakupera kwechandoMbeu dzinomera mukati memba kana mumusha wegreenhouse, uye dzinodyarwa kunze kana chirimo chasvika uye ivhu radziya. Izvi zvinovapa mavhiki akati kuti ekukura uye zvinoita kuti squash yechando ive yanyatsoibva pakupera kwematsutso.
Kudzvara kana mubhedha wembeu: matangiro echirimwa
Kuti uwane manhanga echando ne kunaka kwakanaka, ganda rakaoma uye gobvu pulpZvakakosha kuti chirimwa chitange chakasimba. Nzira mbiri dzekutanga kurima dzinoshanda pano: kudyara zvakananga panzvimbo yekupedzisira kana kushandisa mibhedha yembeu.
Kudyara kwakananga ndiyo nzira iri nyore. Inosanganisira kuisa mhodzi uko chirimwa chichakura kwese kutenderera, pasina kuisirwa. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa mukati mukupera kwechirimo, apo usiku hwatova hunyoroNdiyo nzira inosarudzwa pamapurazi mazhinji nekuti midzi yenhanga haibvumiri shanduko zvakanaka.
Mukusiyana, iyo yakachengetedzwa seedbed, iyo inowanzogadzirirwa chando chapera kana kuti muchirimo chaimoIyi nzira inokubvumira kuti utange chirimwa mavhiki mashoma apfuura. Mbeu inodyarwa mumatireyi kana masero ane chaiyo seedling substrate, chiedza uye yakanyatsodururwa, yakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri kudyisa zvirimwa mumwedzi wekutanga kana mwedzi nehafu.
Sistimu iyi inobatsira zvikuru kumamiriro ekunze anotonhora nekuti mbesa dzinokura mukati memba, mumba kana mugreenhouse. Zvadaro, kana njodzi yechando yapfuura, inosimwa, kutora mukana wekunze kwekudziya kunze. Mhedzisiro inomera yakagadziridzwa inopinda muchirimo, inokwanisa kubereka michero. michero yakagadzirwa zvakanaka ine huwandu huri nani hwehuga kusvika pakupera kwezhizha nematsutso.
Paunenge uchidyara kubva pamibhedha, zvakakosha kubata midzi yemidzi zvakanyatsonaka, uchiedza usatyora midzi yakakora kana nheteManhanga akanyanya kutetepa. Kudyarwa kamwe kamwe kunogona kukanganisa kukura kwemavhiki akawanda uye kuderedza kunaka kwegoho.
Mamiriro ekunze uye ivhu zvinosarudza kunaka
Mamiriro ekunze akakodzera ekuwana kunyanya inonaka yechando squash yakavakirwa pakudzikama kusvika kune inodziya tembiricha, pasina chando, uye kuwanda kwezuva. Izvi zvinomera zvinokoshesa zvikuru mazuva akareba, akajeka, anofarira kukura kwavo. kuumbwa kweshuga uye kuibva kwakakwana kwemichero.
Manhanga, ese ari maviri ezhizha nechando marudzi, anokoshesa tembiricha yemasikati pakati 15 uye 30 ºCPazasi pezvinokosha izvi kukura kwavo kunodzikira, uye pamusoro petembiricha yakareba ye30-32 ° C vanogona kunetseka nemvura uye kudonha kwemaruva, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekugadzirwa uye michero isingakodze zvakanaka.
Nezve ivhu, manhanga arikuda. Dzinokura zvakanaka muvhu rakadhindwa zvakanaka. yakadzika, yakaorera, yakapfuma muorganic matter uye yakanyoroveswaine pH iri pakati pe acidic zvishoma uye isina kwayakarerekera. Chimiro chevhu chine simba guru: ivhu rakasununguka, spongy, uye fluffy rinobvumira midzi kupinda nyore uye kutora mukana wemvura uye kudya.
Usati wadyara kana kudyara, zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirisa ivhu nefotereza yakawanda. manyowa akakura kana manyowa akaora zvakanakaIzvi zvinovandudza kubereka, zvinowedzera kuchengetwa kwemwando uye panguva imwe chete inovandudza mvura, musanganiswa wakakodzera wechando squash kuumba michero ine nyama uye inonaka.
Mumamiriro ekunze ane zvitubu zvisina kugadzikana, hunyoro hwakawandisa uye tembiricha yakaderera inofarira kuvandudzwa kwe fungus dzakadai se powdery mildew kana downy mildewKunze kwekukanganisa hutano hwechirimwa, zvirwere izvi zvinoderedza nzvimbo yemashizha ane hutano, izvo zvinomisa photosynthesis uye zvinoita kuti muchero uunganidze shuga shoma. Kuchengeta mashizha ane hutano sezvinobvira ndicho chinhu chikuru kana iwe uchida manhanga anonaka zvechokwadi.
Zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinobatsira pakukura kuri nyore
Kunyange zvazvo manhanga achionekwa sechirimwa chiri nyore kurima, zvinobatsira zvikuru kuva nemamwe maturusi ekutanga uye zvigadzirwa zvakanaka kugadzirira ivhu, kudyara mbeu, uye kuchengeta zvirimwa zviri pamusoro.
Kuti utange kugadzira ivhu, foshoro yakasimba kana badza rinobvumira sunungura ivhu, pwanya chero mavhinga, uye sanganisa mucompost.Simbi dzisina tsvina kana mhando dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa dzinogara dzakasimba uye dzinoshingirira basa rekurima gadheni zviri nani, kunyanya kana ivhu richirema.
Kana ivhu rasunungurwa, zvinogoneka kushandisa gadheni rake Gadzirisa pamusoro, bvisa matombo uye midzi tsvina uye gadzira mubhedha wembeu wokudyara. Simbi rakes inopa simba rakakura, nepo marekeni epurasitiki asingaremi anogona kuve akasununguka pavhu rakapfava.
Kana iwe uchida kukwenenzvera chinhambwe nekudzika kwekudyara, mbeu yemanyorero inokubatsira isa mhodzi pahudzamu hwakafanana nepakatiIzvi zvinokurudzira kumera kwakafanana uye zvinodzivirira kuti zvirimwa dzisakwikwidzana zvakanyanya. Magadheni akakura zvakare ane mbeu dzakaoma kunzwisisa, asi mhando dzakapusa dzakakwana kubindu repamba.
Panyaya yemadiridziro, manhanga anoita zvakanaka nehurongwa hunochengetedza hunyoro hwenguva dzose pasina kudonhedza mvura. kudonha kudiridza ne timer Izvo zvakakodzera kutungamirira mvura zvakananga kunheyo yemiti, kuchengetedza mvura uye kudzivirira mashizha kubva pakunyorova, kuderedza zvinetso zvefungal mumamiriro okunze anopisa.
Kana iwe uchida kunatsa basa rako kumba, izvi zvidzidzo zvinokosha uye maitiro achaita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nyore.
Fetereza, manyowa, uye manyowa ekuwedzera kunaka
Nutrition ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukanganisa organoleptic quality yechando squashKunhuhwirira, kunhuhwirira, kunaka, uye ruvara. Chirimwa chinonyatsokodzwa chinobereka michero inotapira, ine nyama yakasimba uye ganda rinoramba richichengetwa.
Mushonga wakagadzirwa zvakanaka wepamba ndeimwe yevabatsiri vako. Inopa organic matter, inononoka-kuburitsa macro uye micronutrients uye inovandudza hupenyu hwehutachiona hwevhu, iyo inoshandura kuva zvirimwa zvakagadzikana zvisinganyanyi kurwara.
Mukuwedzera kune compost, unogona kushandisa mafetiraiza akanyatsogadzirirwa manhanga kana miriwo inobereka michero, ine yakagadziridzwa kudya kunovaka. Zvinowanzobatsira kuti vave ne zvakakosha phosphorus uye potasiumzvakakosha pakutumbuka, kugadzirwa kwemichero uye kukora muchero, pasina kuregeredza nitrogen pakutanga kwekutenderera kusimudzira kukura kwezvinomera.
Mamwe mafetireza emubindu remuriwo ane calcium yakawedzerwa, inobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko akaita se... blossom-end rot mune mamwe cucurbitsKunyange zvazvo chirwere ichi chakanyanya kufanana nematomatisi nemamwe marudzi, kukwana kwakakwana kwe calcium kunobatsira pakusimba kwemasero uye michero yakachengetedzwa zviri nani.
Kuti uchengetedze unyoro uye kuderedza kukwikwidzana kubva kumasora, zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuvhara pasi pevhu ne organic padding kana mulchHuswa, huswa hwakaoma hwekuchekwa, kana mupfudze unoshanda zvakanaka: zvinoderedza kubuda kwemhepo, zvinoita kuti tembiricha yevhu irambe yakagadzikana, uye kudzivirira mvura yekudiridza kuti isasasa ivhu pamashizha, izvo zvinobatsirawo kudzivirira mamwe fungi.
Kutarisira kudiridza uye kutonga kwemvura
Mvura ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha kana iwe uchida kunyanya inonaka yechando squash. Kudiridza kwakakodzera kunobatsira chirimwa kukura zvakanaka. Zvibereko zvine muto zvine nyama yakasimba, pasina kudiridza kunakaChinangwa ndechekuita kuti ivhu rigare rakanyorova, asi risingazodimirwe nemvura.
Panguva yekumera uye matanho ekutanga ekurima, mwando unofanirwa kugara uripo. Manhanga anoda chimiro chevhu chakanyorova zvishoma kuti midzi yawo midiki ikure pasina kunetseka. Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kuve nechokwadi zvishoma inenge 2,5 cm yemvura pavhiki, kungava nemvura kana kudiridza.
Ipfungwa yakanaka kwazvo kudiridza chinhu chekutanga mangwanani. Nenzira iyi, chirimwa chine mvura inowanikwa panguva dzinopisa uye panguva imwe chete ... kudzivirira mashizha kuti asagara akanyorova usiku hwoseIzvi zvinokurudzira kukura kwefungal. Zviri naniwo kudiridza pasi, kudzivirira kunyorova zvakanyanya mashizha.
Kana muchero ukatanga kuzvimba, zviri nani kuchengetedza mvura isingaperi. Kuchinja kwakamwe kamwe—kubva pakusanaya kwemvura kuenda pakudiridza kwakanyanya—kunogona kukonzera kutsemuka, kuremara, kana kunhuhwirira kwakanyanyaKunopera kutenderera, sezvo ganda richioma, varimi vakawanda vanoderedza kudiridza zvishoma kuti vakurudzire kuibva kwakanyanya.
Iyo yakanaka organic mulch inobatsira ivhu kuchengetedza hunyoro pasina kuda kudira mvura nguva zhinji, inochengetedza midzi yepasi-iyo inonzwa zvakanyanya nekupisa kwakanyanya-uye. kunoderedza kushushikana kwemvuraizvo zvinogara zvichiguma nezvirimwa zvine hutano uye zviri nani-zvakaumbwa squash yechando.
Kutenderera kwezvirimwa, kushamwaridzana, uye hutano
Kuti uone kuti chirimwa chako chechando chesquash chinoramba chakasimba gore negore uye chichibereka michero inonaka, zvakakosha kuti utarise kutenderera kwezvirimwa uye kushamwaridzana nemamwe marudziHaisi pfungwa yakanaka kugara uchidyara manhanga panzvimbo imwe chete, nekuti anopedza ivhu uye anowedzera matambudziko nezvipembenene nezvirwere.
Zvakanakisisa kudzivisa kudyara cucurbits (manhanga, zucchini, magaka, mavise) munzvimbo imwechete kwenguva yakati. makore matatuMumakore adarika, mbesa dzemashizha, mbambaira kana midzi zvinogona kuunzwa kuvandudza kana kudzikamisa ivhu.
Kudyara kweshamwari kunofadzawo. Zvimwe zvinomera zvinogona kubatsira dzinga zvipembenene, kunatsa kushandiswa kwenzvimbo, kana kudzivirira ivhuSemuenzaniso, mamwe maruva anogadzirisa nitrogen muvhu, uye mamwe maruva anokwezva mapollinator inobatsira pamanhanga.
Nguva yechando squash ine taproots yakareba, yakadzika, asi nhamba huru yemidzi yakanaka yakanangidzirwa pedyo nepamusoro. Ndiko kusaka vachifarira nharaunda yakanyoroveswa. kusununguka kubva kumakwikwi akasimba emasoraIzvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekusakura zvakanaka kana nekusakura zvinyoro uye nguva nenguva.
Kuchengeta chirimwa chine hutano mukati mekutenderera kwayo kwese kunoshandura kuita hukuru hukuru zadza michero, unganidza zvakachengetwa, uye gadzira zvinonaka zvakaoma kunzwisisaIyo yakareba chirimwa ichigona photosynthesize pasina chirwere chakakomba, zviri nani mhedzisiro ichava patafura yako.
Pollination: chakavanzika chemichero yakakura, yakagadzirwa zvakanaka
Manhanga anoburitsa maruva akasiyana echirume neechikadzi pachirimwa chimwe chete, uye zvinoenderana nacho tupembenene tunosvibisa senyuchi nedzimwe hymenoptera kuendesa mukume kubva kune chimwe chirimwa kuenda kune chimwe. Kana pollination iri yakashata, michero idiki, yakaremara, kana kutooma uye inodonha kubva padiki.
Maruva echirume anozivikanwa nekuti anawo dzinde refu, nhetepasina bundu pazasi pecalyx. Kusiyana neizvi, maruva echikadzi ane kukora kudiki pazasi peruva, inova iyo mini-nhanga inozokura mushure mekusangana.
Kune mimwe minda yemichero ine nyuchi shoma kana kuti munguva dzemamiriro okunze akaipa (inotonhora, mhepo ine simba, mvura inonaya), uko kusviba kungakundikana. Muzviitiko izvi, munhu anogona kushandisa ... manual pollination, hunyengeri huri nyore hunowedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kwemanhanga akaumbwa zvakanaka.
Kuti uite izvi, maruva echirume anochekwa, mapeti anonyatso kubviswa, achifumura stameni yakaremerwa nemukume Inoshandiswa sebhurashi rekupenda "kupenda" mukati meruva remukadzi rakashama. Marobhoti mashoma anokwana kuti ave nechokwadi chekusangana. Ibasa rinonakidza rinowanzofadzawo vadiki vari mumba.
Iyo iri nani iyo yekumesa, iyo yakawanda michero inogadzika uye yakawanda simba chirimwa chinozvipira kuti rizadze iwo. Izvi zvinoturikira kuti hombe, yakanyatso kurongeka yechando squash ine yakakwira pulp content, yakakwana yekugocha, kugadzira makirimu kana kuisa zvinhu.
Chando uye zhizha squash marudzi: ndeipi yekusarudza
Mukati meboka remanhanga tinowana mhuri mbiri huru maererano nenguva yekudyiwa: the Squash yezhizha, ine ganda rakatetepa uye nekukurumidza kuibvaUye squash yechando, ine ganda rayo gobvu uye hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu. Nguva yekudyara yakafanana, asi nguva yekukohwa inosiyana zvakanyanya.
Zhizha squash, senge zucchini, inowanzogadzirira kutora mukati anenge 45-60 mazuva Kubva pakudyara. Ganda ravo rakapfava uye vanodyiwa vachiri vadiki, saka havadi nguva yakareba yekuibva pachirimwa. Izvo zvakanaka kuti zvirambe zvichigadzirwa muzhizha rose.
Nguva yechando squash, kufanana nemanhanga akawanda kana "tafura" mhando yemhando, inoda zvishoma 90-120 mazuva kuti vapedze kutenderera kwavo. Munguva iyi, ganda rinooma, pulp inoputika uye inoisa shuga, uye mbeu inopedza kuumba. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kudyara nguva isati yasvika yechando chekutanga chekuvhuvhuta.
Munzvimbo dzinodziya, marudzi anokura nesimba, akadai semamwe marudzi emanhanga, anoshanda zvakanaka kwazvo. butternut kana moschataVanoda tembiricha yepamusoro chero bedzi vachiwana mvura. Mumamiriro okunze anodziya, classic squash yechando uye marudzi akaita seimwe almond kana "cheese" squash inobudirira.
Kumatunhu anotonhora kana ayo ane mazhizha mapfupi, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza marudzi ane zvishoma zvishoma kutenderera uye yakanaka kutonhora kushivirirainogona kuibva mazaya ekutanga asati asvika. Mamwe manhanga akareba, emhando yeDelicata, semuenzaniso, anochinjirwa zviri nani kune rudzi urwu rwemamiriro ekunze.
Kukohwa, kurapa uye kuchengetedza squash yechando
Nguva yekukohwa inozotsanangura zvinonaka zvekupedzisira. Squash yechando inosvika pakakwirira kana yaramba iri pachirimwa kwenguva yakakwana kuti uwane uremu, kuomesa ganda uye kuisa pfungwa pashugaKana ikakurumidza kunhongwa, pulp inenge iine mvura yakawanda uye isingatapi.
Kazhinji, squash yechando inokohwewa mukati pakati pematsutso, apo mavara anowedzeraGanda rinonzwa rakaoma kana rakatsikirirwa neminwe, uye dzinde rinotanga kuoma. Mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, ganda rinoshanduka kubva kune rakasvibira rakasvibira kuenda kune rakawanda reorenji kana ocher.
Kuti udzicheke, shandisa banga rinopinza kana chigero uye uende chidimbu chedzinde kureba masendimita mashoma yakabatanidzwa pamuchero. Hazvikurudzirwe kuvabvisa nekuti mafiibhi e peduncle anogona zvakare kubvarurwa kana ganda kukuvara, izvo zvinofambisa kupinda kwefungi uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwavo hwesherufu.
Mushure mekukohwa, squash yakawanda yechando inobatsirwa nenguva ye "kuporesa": inosiiwa kwemazuva mashomanana munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma. yakaoma, inofefetera uye ine mweroChengetedza kunze kwemvura yakananga kubvumira ganda kuti riomese zvakakwana uye chero maronda maduku kuti aome. Izvi zvinovandudza kuchengetedzwa kwayo kunotevera.
Kana dzapora, dzinogona kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma, zvichida nemhepo yakanaka. Zvikachengetwa zvakanaka, mamwe marudzi anogona kugara mwedzi mumwe kusvika mitatu pasina matambudziko... uye zvakatonyanya, uchichengetedza kuravira uye magadzirirwo. Usati wazvichengeta, zvinokurudzirwa kuchenesa nzvimbo yacho zvinyoronyoro kuti ubvise chero tsvina.
Kusarudza zuva rekudyara rakakodzera, kuchengeta ivhu, kuchengetedza kudiridza kuri pakati nepakati, kuchengetedza zvirimwa kubva kune zvipukanana, uye kuve nechokwadi chekumisikidza kwakanaka ndiwo matanho anoita mutsauko pakati penguva yechando squash uye imwe ine. Ganda rakasimba, pulp inonhuhwirira, kutapira kwepanyama uye kuchengetedza kwakanyanya, yakagadzirira kuvhenekera kicheni mukati mekuvhuvhuta uye kunyange muchando.
