Kana kutonhora, chando nemazuva mapfupi zvasvika, bindu rinoita serinomira, asi huswa hwako huchiripo pasi, huchiripo uye hwakapfava kupfuura zvahunoita. Kuziva kuchengetedza uswa munguva yechando Zvinoita musiyano pakati pekuzviona muchirimo uine kapeti yakakora yegirini kana kuti uine mavara asina chinhu, nzvimbo dzeyero uye fungi.
Munguva yechando, uswa hunopinda murudzi rwe "hibernation": Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, inoshandisa simba shoma, uye inoisa simba rayo pamidzi.Izvi hazvirevi kuti unogona kuzvikanganwa; pane kudaro, zvinoda kutarisirwa kwakakosha kuti zvitsungirire chando, hunyoro hwakawandisa, kutsika-tsika, uye kushaya chiedza pasina kupwanyika.
Sei huswa huchitambura zvakanyanya munguva yechando?
Chikonzero chikuru chekusasimba kwayo ndechekuti uswa hwacho hwakaumbwa hwakatenderedza 80% mvuraKana mvura iyoyo yaoma, mashizha anorasikirwa nekusimba uye anooma, saka chero danho kana kuputika kunogona kuatyoka zviri nyore.
Pakati pechando, uswa hunotanga kusaita kana kuti chikamu che semi-latencyMashizha matsva haasati amera zvakanaka, uye kugona kwawo kumerazve kushoma. Kana muti ukatyoka kana kurwara munguva iyi, kukuvara kwacho kunoungana uye kunoonekwa pakupera kwechando, nemavara eyero, mavanga makuru ebrown, uye kuwedzera kwe... howa dzakadai sechando (Fusarium).
Iko kusanganisa kwe kutonhora, chando, mvura inoramba ichinaya uye mwaranzi shoma yezuva Zvinogadzira nzvimbo yakakwana yekuberekera zvirwere zvefungus, moss, uye kuora. Uyezve, kugara uchidira mvura kunodzvanya ivhu, kunoderedza okisijeni inowanikwa kumidzi, uye pakupedzisira kunopedza simba uswa kubva pasi zvichikwira.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kutsika-tsika. Kufamba pauswa hwakaomeswa nechando kana kuti hwakafukidzwa nechando Inopwanya mashizha akaomeswa nechando, ayo anopwanyika segirazi. Chiratidzo ichocho chinozoshanduka kuita ganda reyero kana brown rinogona kutora mwedzi kuti rinyangarike.
Mamiriro ekunze echando muSpain uye maitiro ehuswa
MuSpain, mwaka wechando hauwanzoitiki zvakafanana kwese kwese, uye izvozvo zvinopesvedzera zvakananga rudzi rwekushushikana kunotambura neuswa uye musarudzo ye mhando dzehuswaPasi pe5°C, kukura kunomira zvachose uye chirimwa chinopa simba racho kuchengetedza midzi iri mhenyu.
Kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, Basque Country). mvura yakawanda uye hunyoro hwakawanda Dzinosimudzira kuzara kwemvura, kuomesana, uye kukura kwehuswa. Munzvimbo idzi, kuyerera kwemvura uye kudzora howa kunoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya.
Munzvimbo dzemapani uye dzinotonhora dzemukati (Castilla y León, Aragón, chikamu cheCastilla-La Mancha, mukati meCatalonia) kune chando chinogara kwenguva refu uye kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwekushisaDambudziko guru pano nderekudzivirira mashizha kuti asaputsike uye kudzivirira kutsika pauswa kana hwakaoma nechando.
Kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva (Andalusia, Murcia, Valencian Community) mwaka wechando unodziya zvishoma, asi musanganiswa we tembiricha dziri pakati nepakati, hunyoro uye mumvuri Zvinokonzera kuvapo kwehuswa nezvimwe zvirwere zvefungus, kunyanya muminda isina mhepo yakakwana.
Muzviitiko zvese, zvakanaka kufunga kuti uswa "hwakazara hafu" uye kuti basa rako panguva ino ndere Deredza chero rudzi rwekushushikana: kutema zvine simba, kutsika-tsika, kuzara kwemvura, uye kushaya chiedza.
Kugadzirira uswa mumatsutso kusati kwasvika kutonhora
Huswa hwakanaka hwemuchando hunotanga kuoneka mumatsutso. Pakati paGumiguru naMbudzi (zvichienderana nenzvimbo) ndipo panofanira kuitwa basa rinorema. kuchenesa, kucheka, kufemesa, kuisa mbeu patsva uye kuisa fetiraizakuitira kuti uswa hutarire munguva yechando hwakasimba uye hwakaguta zvakanaka.
Kuchenesa mashizha, marara nemasora
Munguva yematsutso bindu rinozadzwa nemashizha akaoma, matavi nemarara emiti, izvo, kana zvikasiyiwa pahuswa, zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko. Zvinovhara chiedza uye zvinochengetedza hunyoroIzvozvo zvinowedzera njodzi yekuora, moss, uye chamba panguva yausingazvidi.
Zvakanaka kuti munofanira kukwesha zvirimwa nguva nenguva, kanenge kamwe chete pasvondo mumagadheni ane miti yakawanda. Bvisa mashizha, zvimiti, uye chero tsvina yezvisikwa iparadzire pamusoro pehuswa. Unogona wozoiisa mumurwi wako wecompost, uko ichaita fetereza yechisikigo yakanaka kwazvo.
Kana usati wadzora mwaka wekudonha kwevhu masoraUngangove wavaona kukwikwidzana nehuswa hwako kuti uwane chiedza nezvinovaka muviri ukuwo kukura kwacho kuchiderera. Kana paine mashoma, abvise neruoko, uchiabvisa zvachose nepamudzi. Kana dambudziko racho ratove rakakura, bvunza nyanzvi uye funga nezvekushandisa mushonga. sarudza mushonga wesora kunyanya masango.
Kugerwa kwebvudzi kwekupedzisira kwegore: kureba kunokurudzirwa
Sezvo tembiricha ichidzikira, nguva dzekucheka matanda dzinodzikira kusvika nguva yekupa kucheka kwekupedzisira chando chekutanga chisati chatangaKazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kusiya kukwirira kuri pakati pe4 ne5 cm.
Huswa hupfupi zvakanyanya hunosiya midzi yakashama. zvakanyanya kubatwa nechando nechandoZvisinei, kana tikaisiya kwenguva yakareba, hunyoro hunoungana pasi uye kukura kwefungus kunowedzera. Ndosaka zvakajairika kuderedza hurefu hwekucheka zvishoma nezvishoma munguva yematsutso, pasina kuigera yese panguva imwe chete.
Mwaka wekucheka unopera kana wangotanga kuva chando chemangwanani chinowanzoitikaKubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, kugadziriswa kunongoitwa nguva nenguva mumazuva asina kutonhora kana uswa hwacho huchikura nekukurumidza, nguva dzose kudzivirira kucheka kana paine chando kana pasi pakazara mvura.
Kufefetera uye kunatsiridza kuyerera kwemvura
Imwe yevavengi vakuru vehuswa munguva yechando imvura yakamira. Kuti zvisadaro, zvakakosha kuti... simbisa ivhu mukupera kwematsutsoIzvi zvinogona kuitwa nechinhu chinobaya, chinopinza mhepo nemaoko, kana kuti neforogo yemubindu, nekuisa maburi madiki.
Makomba aya anobvumira mvura kupinda zvakadzika, kuvandudza kutenderera kweokisijeni, uye kuita kuti ikure zvakanaka midzi yakadzika uye yakasimbaMuvhu rakaoma kana kuti rine ivhu, zvinokurudzirwa kudzokorora kufefetera kwemhepo gore rega rega, kunyanya kana nzvimbo yacho ichinaya.
Munzvimbo dzinonyanya kuzara mvura, mhepo inogona kuwedzerwa ne kupfekedza jecha resilica rakasanganiswa necompost pamusoroMusanganiswa uyu unoparadzirwa muchikamu chidiki uye wotsvairwa kuti uzadze maburi, zvichivandudza chimiro chevhu zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kudyarazve nzvimbo dzisina chinhu uye kuwedzera huswa
Matsutso inguva yakakodzerawo yekuti kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzisina vanhu vakawandaMushure mekufefetera nekuchenesa zvakanaka, pukuta mbeu yeuswa (zvichida musanganiswa wakakodzera mamiriro ekunze ako) munzvimbo dzisina chinhu woisa jira rakapfava pamusoro padzo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti ivhu rakabatana zvakanaka.
Unogona kuifukidza zvishoma nevhu repamusoro kana kuti nechikamu chidiki chevhu kuti uchengetedze hunyoro. Kudyarazve mbeu mumatsutso Inoita kuti huswa huve hwakawanda munguva yechando, izvo zvinokosha pakukwikwidzana nemasora uye kuderedza kukura kwehuswa.
Kuberekesa kwakakosha kwematsutso-muchando
Mumwedzi inotungamira kuchando, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa fetereza yakakosha yemwaka wechando-wematsutsoIne nitrogen shoma uye ine potassium yakawanda nephosphorus. Nitrogen inogumira kudzivirira kukura kwemashizha akapfava uye asina simba, nepo potassium inowedzera simba rekudzivirira kutonhora, chando, uye zvirwere.
Phosphorus ne potassium zvinokurudzira kukura kweganda kusimba zvakanaka kwemidzi uye kukora kwayoizvo chaizvo zvinodiwa nemunda panguva ino. Mafetiraiza mazhinji emwaka wechando anosanganisirawo magnesium nesimbi kuti zviwedzere photosynthesis mumazuva asina chiedza chakawanda uye kuchengetedza ruvara rwegirini rwakanyanya.
Mushonga wakajairika ungave NPK yerudzi urwu 6-5-10 pamwe nekuwedzera ironMumusika wekuSpain, zvigadzirwa zvemhando iyi zvinowanikwa kubva kumakambani akadai seCompo, Fertiberia, Massó Garden nemamwe akafanana, zvinotengeswa munzvimbo dzeminda nezvitoro zveDIY.
Sekureva kweizvi, kuberekesa mbeu kunowanzoitwa kana tembiricha iri pakati pe14-15 ºC uye ivhu risina chando kana mvura yakawandisa. Chipimo chakajairika chingangoita 30-35 g/m²Kudzokorora kana zvichidikanwa mushure memavhiki mashoma, uchigara uchiremekedza mirairo yemugadziri.
Kuchengeta uswa munguva yechando
Kana kutonhora kwasvika, chinangwa hachisi chekuti uswa hukure, asi kuti Ndakapedza nguva yechando ndisina kukuvara kwakawanda sezvinobvira.Kungwarira kwakakosha pano: usafambe pamusoro payo kana paine chando, dzora hunyoro, uye chenjerera fungus.
Dzivisa kufamba pamusoro peuswa hune chando kana kuti hune chando
Kufamba pauswa hune chando kana kuti husina kusimba chimwe chezvinhu zvakaipa zvaunogona kuita. Mapadza acho akaomarara uye anotsemuka, uye kuatsika kunoita kuti atsemuke. kuputsika zvishoma nezvishomaMavanga aya anozoonekwa semitsara yero neyebrown kana kuti madonhwe.
Kana iri nzira inowanzo shandiswa kubva kune rimwe divi rebindu kuenda kune rimwe, funga nezvekuisa nzira yematombo makuru, matombo kana huni izvo zvinokutendera kuti uyambuke usina kunyudza bhutsu dzako muuswa. Pamazuva ane chando chakanyanya, edza kudzivirira uswa kunze kwekunge zvichidikanwa zvachose.
Sinou segumbeze rekudzivirira
Kana chando chadonha, chando chinoshanda se gumbeze rekudzivirira iyo inochengetedza huswa pa0°C, ichihudzivirira kubva pakuchinja kamwe kamwe nemhepo inotonhora. Dambudziko rinomuka kana chando chikamanikidzwa (netsoka kana huremu) kana kunyunguduka uye chikaomeswa nechando kakawanda.
Kazhinji, zviri nani Usabvisa chando nefoshoro Kunze kwekunge paine jira gobvu rakakora rinogona kuomesesa. Kana zvakadaro, rinogona kufambiswa nokungwarira, kudzivirira kudhonzwa kana kubvarurwa kwehuswa huri pasi.
Kudzora hunyoro hwakawandisa uye mvura inonaya
Munzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda munguva yechando, masango anotambura nekuzara kwemvura uye kushomeka kweokisijeni pamidzi. kudzipa midzi uye kuvhura mukana wekuti fungus nemabhakitiriya zvisashande.
Mumwedzi iyi zvinokurudzirwa kuderedza kudiridza kusvika padanho repamusoro: kazhinji kudiridza zvishoma chete kunokwana. hunyoro, dova nemvuraMunzvimbo dzakaoma, inogona kudiridzwa kamwe chete pasvondo masikati, kudzivirira nguva dzinotonhora zvikuru kuitira kuti mvura isaome pamashizha.
Kana ukaona madziva asinganyangarike mushure mezuva, zvakakodzera kubvoora nzvimbo yacho neforogo kana muchina wekufema. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, dhizaini yemvura inofanira kugadziriswazve kana kuti kutsetseka kwenyika kugadziriswe. tungamira mvura kure nenzvimbo dzinonyanya kubatwa nechando.
Frost nechando: maitiro ekuita
Kugara uchitonhora usiku humwe nehumwe usiku kunokanganisawo zvikuru huswa. Imwe nzira inowanzo kurudzirwa panguva yechando chisina kujeka ndeyekuita Kudiridza zvishoma mangwanani-ngwanani kubatsira kunyungudutsa chando uye kudzivirira kuti chisaungane zvakanyanya.
Chero zvazvingava, usambochera uswa kana hwaoma kana kuti mushure mekunge tembiricha yadzikira zvakanyanya. Zvinobvisa mvura mumuviri uye zvinopisa zviri nyore, zvichisiya chitarisiko chechena uye zvichideredza simba remuti.
Kutarisira zvirwere zvefungus nehowa
Kusanganiswa kwechando, hunyoro, uye mumvuri kunobatsira kutaridzika kwe moss, algae, uye fungiKana ukarega ichikura, moss inozopedzisira yafukidza nzvimbo dzese uye inogadzira mavanga asina chinhu kana yaoma.
Kuti uidzore, mushonga chaiwo (unouraya moss) kana iron sulfate inogona kushandiswa, iyo inobatsira kuderedza kupararira kwayo uye, sezvineiwo, inowedzera ruvara rwegirini rweuswaMushure mekuishandisa, bvisai zvishoma kuti mubvise moss yakafa.
Nezvezvirwere, matambudziko akadai seFusarium nivale (snow mold), anthracnose, uye Rhizoctonia anowanzoitika munguva yechando uye kutanga kwechirimo. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita izvi kurapwa kwekudzivirira phytosanitary munguva yematsutso kana yechando chakapfava kana bindu racho riine nhoroondo yezvirwere izvi.
Kudiridza munguva yechando: nguva yakakodzera yekudiridza
Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeSpain, masango haadi kudiridza mvura yakawanda munguva yechando. Hunyoro hwehusiku uye mvura inonaya zvakaringanaKana uchigara munzvimbo ine mwaka wechando wakaoma, kudiridza zvinyoro nyoro vhiki nevhiki kwakajairika, nguva dzose pakati pezuva.
Chinokosha ndechekudzivirira kudiridza zvakanyanya uye kushaikwa kwemvura. Kudiridza zvishoma asi nguva dzose kunokwana kuchengetedza midzi ichishanda pasina kuita kuti uswa huve nyore kubatwa nezvirwere zvefungus. Kana uine nzira yekudiridza yega, Gadzirisa programmer kuti ienderane nenzvimbo iri pasi. uye kutodzima kana fungidziro yacho ichiratidza kuti mvura ichanaya.
Kugadzirisa huswa mushure mechando
Kana kutonhora kwatanga kudzikira uye tembiricha yevhu ikakwira pamusoro pe6-8°C, huswa hunobuda zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakusarara kwahwo. Yasvika nguva yekuita... ongororo yakakwana uye kugadzirisa kuitira kuti uswa hugone kupora zvakasimba.
Kuongorora nekuchenesa mushure mechando
Chinhu chekutanga chekuita ndechekucherechedza. Famba-famba mubindu woona nzvimbo dzeyero, dzebrown, dzine mhanza, nzvimbo dzine moss kana kuti dzine madzivaKana ukangoziva dambudziko nekukurumidza, zvichava nyore kurigadzirisa.
Zvadaro, chenesai uswa hwese zvakakwana: bvisai mashizha akaoma, matavi, bvisai marara, uye chero marara akaunganidzwa. Kuchenesa uku kunobvumira zuva kupinda muuswa. kusvika pasi pechirimwa uye inobatsira kuti ivhu riome mushure mekunaya kwemvura.
Kudzvanya, kufemesa uye kudzvara mbeu patsva
Kana ukaona jira rakaoma rakaita sechiponji (felt) kana kuti ukaona kuti ivhu rakamanikana zvakanyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uise mascarves kana kuti zvimwe kurutsa nesimba kuti usimudze zvinhu zvakafaTevere, bvisai mhepo munzvimbo dzinonyanya kushandiswa.
Nzvimbo dzisina kubereka uye dzakaora zvakanyanya dzinofanira kudzvarwazve. Paradzira mbeu ye uswa hwakasimba hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze akoRake zvinyoro nyoro wodiridza zvishoma uye nguva nenguva kusvika zvamera. Zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa "zvinomera nekukurumidza" zvinogona kukurumidzisa maitiro aya zvakanyanya.
Kuchekwa kwekutanga kwemwaka
Kucheka kekutanga mushure mechando kunofanira kuitwa kana uswa hwava zviri pachena mukukura kwakasimba uye pasi rinosvika kanenge 7-10°C. Hapana zuva chairo rinozivikanwa, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yacho, asi kazhinji zvinoenderana nekuguma kwechando kana kutanga kwechirimo.
Mukucheka kwekutanga ikoko, hazvikurudzirwi kudzikisa kukwirira zvakanyanya: gadzirisa 5-7,5 cm Uye gadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma mukucheka michero kunotevera. Kucheka zvakanyanya panguva imwe chete kunongoomesa zvirimwa zvichangobuda kubva pakurara.
Purogiramu yekudiridza nekuberekesa muchirimo
Paunotanga kuona kukura kutsva kwakapararira, inguva yekuchinja nzira yako yekudya. Iye zvino [chimwe chinhu] chakakosha zvechokwadi. fetereza yechirimo ine nitrogen yakawanda (semuenzaniso, 10-5-5 kana yakafanana) iyo inokurudzira kukura kwemashizha uye kudzoreredza girini yakanyanya.
Isai fetereza pazuva risina chando, kana ivhu rakanyorova zvishoma asi risina mvura yakawanda. Kubva ipapo, munogona kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mwero wekushandisa. kudiridza kakawandakugara muchigadzirisa kuti zvienderane nemvura chaiyo uye tembiricha dziri munharaunda yenyu.
Kudzora sora uye hutano hwevhu
Nekukwira kwekupisa, masora mazhinji anomerawo. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti urambe uchiatarisa uye chiito nekukurumidza, vachiri vashoma uye vadikiUnogona kudhonza nemaoko kana kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya sora kana dambudziko racho rakakomba.
Usakanganwa kutarisa mamiriro evhu nguva nenguva: magadzirirwo aro, mvura iri kubuda, uye, kana zvichibvira, pH. Huswa hwakawanda hunokura zvakanaka kana huine pH ine acidic shoma, iri pakati pe6,0 ne6,5Kana pH isina kuenzana, uswa hahuzotorewo zvinovaka muviri uye huchanyanya kubatwa nezvirwere.
Michina, huswa nefetereza yakakosha yemwaka wechando
Chando, kunze kwekunge chiri nguva yakakosha yehuswa, mukana wakanaka wekuti Gadzirisa maturusi, ongorora kuiswa kwehuswa kana kuti zviri nani kuronga kunyorera kwechikamu chinotevera.
Kugadzika kwezvishandiso nemichina
Uswa huchiripo, unogona kushandisa mukana uyu kuti chenesa, dira mafuta uye dzivirira Zvese zvinoshandiswa pakurima. Mafoshoro, mareki, nezvikwambo zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa zvakachena uye zvakaoma, nemafuta mashoma pazvikamu zvesimbi kudzivirira ngura.
Kana zviri zvekushandisa pakuchekerera miti, zvakakosha kuti ubvise utachiona zvakakwana kuti usashandise mishonga yekuuraya utachiona. kutamisa fungus kana mabhakitiriya kubva kune chimwe chirimwa kuenda kune chimweChengeta mapanga ekucheka uswa nemidziyo yekuchekerera yakapinza uchishandisa matombo kana mafaira ekurodza akakodzera.
Kuiswa kwemavara emusango emusango
Maroro ehuswa hwechisikigo ndiwo mhinduro inokurumidza kune kugadzirisa gadheni zvachose kana kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakakuraIdzi ivhu rine uswa hwakatokura, hunowanzo kurimwa kwenguva inopfuura gore kusvika hwasvika pakuwanda kwakakodzera uye husingazoparari.
Pakati pezvakanakira zvayo zvikuru kumhanya (mumaawa mashoma unenge uine bindu rakafanana risina nzvimbo dzisina chinhu), zviri nyore kuisa uye mukana wekutsiva nzvimbo dzakakuvara chete pasina kudzvanyazve mbeu panzvimbo yese.
Kugadzirisa kunotevera kwakafanana nekwekuchekwa kwehuswa hwakadyarwa mbeu: kucheka nguva dzose, kudiridza, uye kuisa fetereza. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti kubva pazuva rekutanga Unonakidzwa ne "kapeti" yakasvibira uye yakafananachero bedzi kudzura kwaitwa nemazvo.
Fetereza yakakosha yechando uye zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha
Munguva yechando, fetereza inonyanya kukosha ndiyo inenge yatoshandiswa mumatsutso, asi zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chii Zvinovaka muviri ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosheswa panguva ino kuitira kuti tisapfuure mwero kana kuti tisakanganiswe.
Sezvataona, kuberekesa matsutso-muchando kunofanira kunge kuine nitrogen shoma (N) uye yakawanda mu phosphorus (P) uye potassium (K)Nitrogen yakawandisa inogona kukonzera kukura kwemashizha akapfava ayo anogona kubatwa nechando, ukuwo phosphorus nepotassium zvichisimbisa midzi uye kudzivirira zvirimwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, magnesium nesimbi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kugona kwakanaka kwefotosinthesisi nemaawa mashoma echiedza chezuva. Mafetiraiza mazhinji emuchando anosanganisira simbi nesarufaizvo zvinobatsirawo pakunonotsa moss.
Kushandisa zvigadzirwa izvi zvichitevera mwero unokurudzirwa (semuenzaniso, 35 g/m² kamwe chete pamwedzi chero bedzi tembiricha ichibvumira) kunoita kuti pave nehwaro hwakasimba hwekudya kwehuswa. kutanga kwakasimba muchirimo pasina kutambisa zviwanikwa kana kusvibisa nefetiraiza yakawandisa.
Kana kugadzirira kwakanyatsonaka mumatsutso, mwaka wechando une mvura inotonhorera, kufamba kwetsoka kushoma, uye nzira yakanaka yekuberekesa nekuisa mhepo, uswa hunosvika muchirimo ne midzi yakasimba, yakagadzirira kumeraNdiyo kiyi yekunakidzwa nebindu rakasvibira, rakakora, uye rine hutano, risina zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakaita semavanga eyero, howa dzinogara dziripo, kana mavanga akaoma kupora.
