Muti wehazelnut muti wenzungu unogona kurimwa zvese musango uye muminda yekutengeserana. Chibereko chayo, hazelnut, inokosheswa zvakanyanya mugastronomy uye ine hutano hwakawanda hunobatsira. Kuti ubereke zvakanaka, zvinokosha kuti uzive zvinodiwa nemuti wacho uye kuti ungatarisira sei kuurima zvakanaka.
Muchinyorwa chino, tinokupa ruzivo rwese rwaunoda kuti ukure muti wehazelnut zvakanaka, kubva pakusarudza ivhu rakakodzera kusvika pakukohwa michero. Pamusoro pezvo, tichakurukura nezvetariro chaiyo inofanirwa kutorwa gore rose kuti ive nechokwadi chemiti ine hutano uye inobereka.
Mamiriro akanaka ekukura hazelnuts
Muti wehazelnut unoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze, asi unofarira tembiricha ine mwero uye nzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakakwana. Kuti ibudirire, zvakakosha kuti ivhu rive nemamwe maitiro:
- Mvura yakanaka: Zvakakosha kuti mvura isaunganidze pamidzi yemuti, sezvo mwando wakawandisa unogona kukonzera zvirwere.
- Neutral kana zvishoma acidic pH: Iyo pH level iri pakati pe5,5 ne7 ndiyo inonyanya kukurudzirwa kuti muti utore zvakanaka zvinovaka muviri.
- zviri pakati nepakati Ivhu rakanyanyisa kana jecha harikurudzirwi; Yakanakira ivhu rakarukwa rine hunyoro hwakanaka.
- Hupfumi mune organic zvinhu: Chinhu chakakwana cheorganic matter chinofarira kukura kwemidzi uye kugadzira michero.
Mamiriro ekunze uye nzvimbo inokurudzirwa
Hazelnut muti unokura zvakanyanya mumatunhu ane chando chando y zhizha rakadzikama. Kuunganidza kwemaawa anotonhora kwakakosha pamaruva akakodzera uye fruiting. MuSpain, nzvimbo dzakakodzera kwazvo kurimwa kwayo iCatalonia, Basque Country, Navarre, uye dzimwe nzvimbo kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva kwenyika.
Muti unoda kuratidzwa zvakanaka kune chiedza chezuva, kunyange zvazvo uchibvumira mamwe mumvuri. Munzvimbo dzine zhizha rinopisa zvikuru, zvinokurudzirwa kupa kudiridza kwakakwana kudzivirira kushushikana kwemvura, sezvaunogona kuverenga zvakadzama nezve zvirimwa zvinoda kudiridza zvakanyanya.
Kusarudza nekudyara hazelnuts
Usati wadyara muti wehazel, zvakakosha kusarudza zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakodzera zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye ivhu rinowanikwa. Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzinosanganisira:
- Negret: Yakarimwa zvakanyanya muSpain, kunyanya muCatalonia. Inogadzira michero yemhando yepamusoro.
- Barcelona: Mhando yakapararira kwazvo nekuita kwakanaka.
- Giffoni's Ring: Inozivikanwa nemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri yezvekudya.
Kudyara kunofanirwa kuitwa mukati kudonha o primavera, kuona kuti miti ine nzvimbo yakakwana pakati payo. Iyo yakajairika yekudyara furemu ndeye 4 kusvika 6 metres pakati pemiti kubvumira yakanaka midzi kukura. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti hazelnuts ibereke michero, unogona kubvunza zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kubereka michero.
Kudiridza nekuisa fetiraiza
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukurima hazelnut ndeye kudiridza. Mumakore mashomanana okutanga, zvakakosha kuchengetedza kudiridza nguva dzose, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinonaya mvura shoma. Muzvirimwa zvevhu rakaoma, kubereka kunogona kukanganisa, kuderedza kuwanda kwemichero.
Iyo yakanyanya kunyatsoita yekudiridza yehazelnuts idrip irrigation, sezvo inobvumira kushandiswa zvakanaka kwemvura pasina kukonzera mvura. Inokurudzirwa kudiridza zvakanyanya pakati paKurume naNyamavhuvhu, inova nguva yekukura kukuru kwemiti.
Fertilization inoitawo basa rinokosha mukukura kwemiti yehazelnut. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa nitrogen-rich fertilizer muchirimo uye potassium uye phosphorus zvinowedzera mumatsutso kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemichero.
Kuchekerera uye kuchengetedza miti
Kuchekerera kunokosha kuchengetedza miti yakakura uye kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemichero. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuchekerera dzinogona kuitwa:
- Kugadzira kutema: Inoitwa mumakore ekutanga kugadzira muti uye kukurudzira kukura kwayo.
- Maintenance pruning: Inoitwa gore negore kubvisa mapazi akafa kana ane chirwere uye kugadzirisa chiedza chekupinda.
- Kuchekerera kugadzirwa: Inobvumira kukurudzira maruva uye kugadzirwa kwemichero nekubvisa matavi asina kufanira.
Kutumbuka uye mukume
Hazelnut imhando ye monoecious, zvichireva kuti ine maruva echirume neechikadzi pamuti mumwechete. Zvisinei, mhando dzakawanda dzinoda Cross pollination Kuti muwane goho rakanaka, zvinokurudzirwa kudyara mhando dzakawanda dzinoenderana papurazi rimwe chete.
Maruva echirume, anonzi catkins, anoburitsa mukume muchando kuburikidza nemhepo. Maruva echikadzi maduku uye ane ruvara rutsvuku. Fertilization inoitika mwedzi yakati wandei mushure mekumeserwa, zvichiita kuti kugadzirwa kwemichero kuwedzere kusvika mukudonha.
Kukohwa nekuchengeta hazelnuts
Hazelnuts akagadzirira kukohwewa kana asvika pakukura mukudonha. Izvi zvinozivikanwa nekuti zvibereko zvinotanga kudonha zvega pasi. Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekukohwa:
- Manual: Muchero wakawa unounganidzwa uye tsvina inobviswa isati yachengetwa.
- Mechanized: Michina yakakosha inoshandiswa kuzunza miti uye kuunganidza michero kubva pasi.
Kana akohwewa, hazelnuts anofanira kucheneswa uye kuomeswa kudzivirira mold kuumba. Kuchengetwa kwayo kunofanira kuitwa panzvimbo yakaoma uye ine mhepo yakanaka kuchengetedza kunaka kwayo.
Maonero emusika uye purofiti
Kunyangwe kurimwa kwehazelnut muSpain kwave kuderera mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kudiwa kwepasi rose kwema hazelnuts kuri kuramba kuchikwira. Türkiye neItaly dzinotonga kugadzirwa kwepasirese, asi kune mukana wemusika wevagadziri veSpanish, kunyanya kana vakatarisa kune akasimba masisitimu ekurima uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira.
Kubudirira kwechirimwa kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei, zvakaita semhando dzakasiyana, magadzirirwo evhu, uye kuwaniswa kwemadiridziro. Nekutarisirwa kwakanaka, hazelnuts inogona kuve sarudzo inoyevedza kune varimi vari kutsvaga kusiyanisa zvirimwa zvavo.
Kurimwa kwehazelnut isarudzo yakanaka kune vese varimi vadiki uye minda mikuru yekutengeserana. Nevhu rakakodzera uye mamiriro okunze, pamwe chete nekudiridza kwakanaka, kuchekerera, uye kuitisa fetiraiza, zvinokwanisika kuita kurima kwakanaka uye kunobatsira. Kana iwe uri kufunga nezve kurima hazelnuts, kutevedzera aya kurudziro kuchakubatsira iwe kuwana kubudirira, kwemhando yepamusoro goho.
