Madomasi emuti, anonziwo tamarillo, muchero unokatyamadza zvese nekutaridzika kwawo uye kunaka kwawo, uchibatanidza kutapira uye kuvava nuances. Kunyangwe isingazivikanwe mune mamwe matunhu, yakawana mukurumbira mukuru munyika dzeSouth America nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinopisa nekuda kwekuchinja kwayo uye kukosha kwekudya.
Vanhu vazhinji vanofarira kudyara madomasi emuti Kumba, kungave kunakidzwa nemichero yayo mitsva, tora mukana weiyo culinary mabhenefiti, kana kungoita seyakashongedza uye yezvakatipoteredza chinhu mubindu rako wega. Kukura tamarillos kunogona kuve chiitiko chine mubairo, chero isu tichitevera akatevedzana akakosha mazano uye nhungamiro yekutarisira.
Chii chinonzi tomato yemuti?
El matomatisi emuti Muchero unokura pamakwenzi kana miti midiki mumhuri yeSolanaceae. Zita rayo rinogamuchirwa nesainzi ndiro Solanum betaceum, kunyangwe ichizivikanwa zvakare pasi pezita reCyphomandra betacea. Mhando iyi ndiyo evergreen uye evergreen, iyo inobvumira kuti irambe yakasvibirira gore rose mumamiriro ekunze akanaka. Makwenzi anogona kusvika mamita maviri kusvika mana pakureba, achigadzira michero yakaita oval ine ganda rinopenya uye mavara kubva kune tsvuku, orenji, uye yero, zvichienderana nekusiyana.
Pakutanga kubva kumatunhu eAndean eSouth America, tamarillo yakapararira kune mamwe makondinendi, ichiwana kuchinjika munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzeMediterranean. Kunhuhwirira kwayo kwakasiyana uye kunowanzoshandiswa mune zvese zvinotapira uye zvinonaka kugadzirira: muto, jamu, sosi, madhiri, uye kunyange mitsva. Mukuwedzera kune kukosha kwayo kwekubika, inomira kunze kwayo Yakapfuma mune antioxidants, mavitamini (A, C, E) uye zvicherwa zvakaita se potassium, iron uye phosphorus.
Nguva yekudyara madomasi emuti?
La Kusarudza nguva yakakodzera yekudyara tamarillo Zvinonyanya kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo. Kurudziro huru ndeye kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kunyanya chando, iyo inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mbesa duku. Nguva yakakwana inowanzo chitubu kana kuwa, kana tembiricha yakagadzikana uye njodzi yekutonhora kwakanyanya yakaderera. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora, zviri nani kumirira kusvika muchirimo. Nekudaro, munzvimbo dzinodziya, dzine hunyoro, kudyara kunogona kuitwa mukati menguva yakawanda yegore, chero bedzi hunyoro hunodiwa huchivimbiswa mukukura kwechirimwa.
Ndeipi mamiriro ekunze akakodzera ekurima?
Muti wematomatisi unoda Tembiricha dziri pakati nepakati, kazhinji dziri pakati pe15ºC ne25ºCKunyangwe ichigona kumira mazuva anodziya neusiku hunotonhorera, mukati megore rekutanga rehupenyu ndizvo kunyanya kunzwa kutonhora, saka zvakakosha kuti dzidzivirire pachando chinogona kuitika. Munzvimbo dzeAndean, iwo optimaltitude renji inoenda kubva 1.000 kusvika 2.800 mamita pamusoro pegungwaInokurudzirwa kuidyara munzvimbo dzine humwe hunyoro hwemamiriro ekunze, asi kupi gamuchira maawa matanhatu kusvika masere ezuva rakananga zuva nezuva, kudzivisa kutarisana nemwaranzi yakasimba kana mhepo ine simba inogona kukuvadza matavi nemichero.
Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune yakakwira mwaranzi pasina dziviriro kunogona kuderedza kukura kwayo. Muzviitiko izvi, zvakakodzera kushandisa mambure emumvuri kana maketeni ekudzivirira mhepo kuchengetedza kukura kwemakwenzi.
Ivhu rakakodzera rekudyara tamarillo
Kuti ubudirire mukurima matomatisi emuti zvakakosha gadzira ivhu rakaorera, rakanyoroveswa nevhu rine organic matter yakanaka. Inofarira ivhu rakati bvu kana jecha rine acidic zvishoma (kazhinji iri pakati pe5.5 ne7). Kana ivhu rakanyanyisa, zvinokurudzirwa kuisanganisa nayo perlite kana jecha kuti rivandudze mvura yaro.
Usati wadyara, ipfungwa yakanaka kuita a kumba pH kuongorora uye, kana zvichidikanwa, gadzirisa nekuwedzera organic zvinhu kana zvigadzirwa. Mupiro we compost, worm humus kana organic fertilizer Panguva yekudyara inobatsira kupa chikafu chinodiwa kusimbisa kukura kwechirimwa kwekutanga.
Nzira yekuwana nekugadzira sei mbeu?
Iyo tomato yemuti inogona kudzokororwa nenzira dzakasiyana, kuva iyo mbeu iyo yakapfava uye inonyanya kufarirwa system. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kusarudza michero yakaibva uye ine utano, kunyatsobudisa mhodzi. Izvi zvinogezwa kuti zvibvise chero zvakanamira pulp uye zvakanyudzwa mumvura kwemaawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana, izvo zvinopfavisa goko rekunze uye kunatsiridza kumera.
Kana nguva iyi yapfuura, dzinosiiwa kuti dziome munzvimbo ine mumvuri. Sechisarudzo chepamusoro, vanogona kuvharirwa nemishonga yechisikigo kudzivirira zvirwere zvefungal. Mbeu dzinogona kudyarwa zvakananga mumatireyi kana mibhedha yembeu, uchishandisa yakakosha substrate yemibhedha yembeu uye kuchengetedza hunyoro kusvikira mbesa dzasvika pakukura zvakakura zvekukwanisa kuisirwa.
Mamwe maitiro ekuparadzira
Kunyangwe iyo nzira yembeu ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa padanho repamba, tamarillo inogona zvakare kuburitswa nekucheka kana kubatanidzaKuchekwa kunofanirwa kugadzirwa nesemi-hardwood, pakati pemakore 1 kusvika maviri, ine dhayamita diki ye 2 cm uye kureba kwe 1,5 kusvika 45 cm, kuve nechokwadi chetatu kana 75 buds. Mushure mekudyara muvhu nyoro, kumera kunowanzoitika mukati memavhiki matatu kana mana.
La kubereka nekucheka Inobereka zvidiki, zvidyarwa zvebushier zvine mapfupi internodes uye branching kubva pachigadziko, izvo zvinogona kuva mukana munzvimbo dzine mhepo. Micropropagation iripo zvakare, kunyangwe yakachengeterwa mabasa ekutengesa nekuda kwemutengo wayo uye kuoma.
Kudyara nekudyara
Kamwe iyo Mbesa dzasvika pakati pe15 ne30 cm kureba (kazhinji mwedzi miviri mushure mekumera), vagadzirira kuisirwa kunzvimbo yavo yekupedzisira. Zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirira maburi akaenzana nekaviri bhora remidzi, ane zviyero zvishoma zve 2x50 cm uye chiedza chechiedza che organic fertilizer uye guano pasi. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza a zvishoma kureba kwemamita matatu pakati pemiti kudzivisa kukwikwidzana kwezvokudya uye nzvimbo, kunyanya kana mienzaniso yakawanda yakasimwa kana pedyo nemimwe miti yemichero.
Muminda mirefu, senge muColombia, inotariswa 4x4 mita yekudyara mafuremu kana densities dzinosvika 625 zvirimwa pahekita. Mumamiriro ekunze ane mhepo, kunyange nzvimbo diki dzinokurudzirwa kugadzira maketeni echisikigo uye kudzivirira makwenzi.
Kudiridza nemvura inodiwa
El Kudiridza chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukurima tamarilloChirimwa hachibvumiri kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga uye panguva yekukura kwemichero. Inokurudzirwa kuchengeta substrate nayo hunyoro hunogara huripo asi husina mafashamo, sezvo mvura yakawandisa inogona kukonzera kuora kwemidzi. Zvakanakisisa kudiridza nguva nenguva munguva yakaoma uye kuderedza huwandu kana kuchinaya, kugadzirisa kudiridza zvichienderana nekushisa uye nechiedza chezuva.
Semutungamiri mukuru, iyo Mvura inodiwa pagore inosiyana pakati pe600 ne800 mm emvura pahekitaZvinogara zvakanaka kudiridza mukati menguva inotonhorera yezuva kudzivirira kubuda nekukurumidza uye kusagadzikana kwemvura pachirimwa.
Kudzidzira uye kuchengetedza kuchekerera
La Kuchekerera kunokosha pakugara zvakanaka uye kubereka kwemuti wematomatisiMuchikamu chevechidiki, kuchekerera kwekugadzira kunoitwa kana chirimwa chasvika 30 kana 40 cm, kusarudza 3 kana 4 nhungirwa huru iyo inoshanda semapazi evabereki. Mushure mezvo, kuchekerera kwekuchengetedza kunosanganisira kubvisa matavi akafa, ayo akatogadzira, kana iwo anokura mukati kubva padenga. Kana chirimwa chacho chiine nhungirwa dzisingadiwe kana nhungirwa kubva pachigadziko, izvi zvinofanirwa kubviswa kudzivirira makwikwi.
Kuchekerera kunowanzoitwa muchirimo, njodzi yechando yangopfuuraKuchekerera nokukurumidza kunokurudzira kuibva kwemichero; kana yanyanya kunonoka, inogona kutora nguva yakareba kuibva. Kuchekerera matavi akaomarara kunogona kuitwa nemasheri akareruka, kunyangwe kune akawanda emuenzaniso, kuchekerera nemaoko kwakakwana, sezvo iwo asina kunyanya kusimba.
Fertilization uye mineral nutrition
Iyo tamarillo inoda zvakakosha zvekudya zvekuvandudza zvakanyanya. Muzvirimwa zvekutengesa, kurudziro yakajairika inosanganisira kupararira kwenitrogen (N), potasium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) uye calcium (Ca), ine indicative reference values ye170 kg yeN, 45 kg yeP, 160 kg yeK, 30 kg yeMg uye 65 kg yeCa pahekita, kuwana ingangoita 16 kg pahekita. Muminda yemichero yemumba, ichave yakakwana kunyorera mafetireza akaora akaora uye wotsiva chikamu chevhu necompost pakutanga kwemwaka wega wega.
Kupatsanura fetiraiza muzvikamu zvakawanda (mushure mekuchekerera, muchirimo uye pakati pezhizha) kunobatsira kuvandudza kunwisa kwezvirimwa uye hutano.
Pollination yemadomasi emuti
Iyo tamarillo inogona self-pollinate kana kuve cross-pollinated nemimwe miti. Mhepo nezvipembenene, kunyanya nyuchi nenyuchi, ndizvo zvinonyanya kuita mukume. Zvose zviri zviviri-uye-cross-pollination zvinobudirira, pasina misiyano inokosha mumichero yakagadzika inoonekwa pakati penzira mbiri, maererano nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaitwa muNew Zealand.
Zvipembenene nezvirwere
Kufanana nechirimwa chero chipi zvacho, tomato yemuti haina kusunungurwa kubva phytosanitary matambudzikoPakati pezvipembenene zvakanyanya kutaurwa ndeye hemipteran Leptoglossus zonatus, inokonzera zvose zvinokuvadza muchero uye kuendesa zvirwere zvefungal zvakadai seanthracnose. Iyo genus Margarodes uye, pamusoro pezvose, kuvapo kwe nematodes muvhu (Xiphinema americanum, Meloidogyne y Pratylenchus) inogona kukanganisa chirimwa, ichikonzera kupera simba uye kurasikirwa kwesimba.
Kana ari zvirwere, simbisa iyo anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y C. acutatum) bhakitiriya wilt zvakakonzerwa ne Pseudomonas solanacearumZvirwere izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru, kudarika 50% yekugadzirwa mumapurazi ekutengesa.
Kutarisira kwakakodzera kunosanganisira Kutenderedza zvirimwa, kuuraya utachiona hwevhu, kusarudzwa kwembeu dzine hutano uye kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zveorganic kana marapirwo efungal kana zvichidikanwa.Kugara uchitarisa uye kuparadzwa kwemichero ine utachiona kunobatsirawo kuderedza kupararira.
Kukohwa uye kugadzira
Muti wematomatisi Inosvika pakubereka kwayo kwakanyanya kutenderedza makore matatu ezera Kubva pakudyara, vanochengetedza hupenyu hunobatsira hwekutengesa hweanenge makore 7-8. Goho rinosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye nehanya, kazhinji pakati pe20 ne50 kg yemuchero pachirimwa. Pamapurazi makuru eAndean, anogona kudarika matani makumi mana pahekita pagore. Nekuda kwemaitiro avo ekukura asingaperi, Haisi michero yese inoibva kamwechete, saka zvakakosha kuunganidza kakawanda panguva yekudonha uye yechando.
Tamarillo ndi non-climacteric muchero, kureva kuti inofanira kukohwewa kana yasvika pakukura kuti ishandiswe zvakananga. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinobatsira kuona nguva yakakodzera yekukohwa ndezvayo yunifomu ruvara (tsvuku kana yero, zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana), kusimba uye shuga yemukati inopfuura 8%Kukohwa kunoitwa nekucheka dzinde zvinyoro, kudzivisa kukuvadza pamusoro pemuchero kuti uvandudze kuchengetedza kwayo.
Mushure mekukohwa uye kuchengetedza
La kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kwemadomasi emuti Zvakakosha kuchengetedza kunaka uye kutengesa kwemuchero. Inokurudzirwa kuchengeta michero iri pakati pe3°C ne4,5°C, ine hunyoro hwe90-95%. Kupisa pasi pe3 ° C kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kunotonhora (kutsvuka kweganda uye kuonekwa kwekuora mwoyo), asi kana kutonhora kwakanyanya, njodzi yekuora inowedzera zvakanyanya.
Musanganiswa wemvura inopisa inonyura, mishonga yeantifungal, uye kushandiswa kwewakisi kwakaratidzwa kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu kusvika kumasvondo masere pasi pemamiriro akakwana. Zvakakosha kugara uchiongorora michero yakachengetwa uye kubvisa chero zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuora kana chirwere.
Zvakanakira kurima madomasi emuti kumba
Tamarillo haingori chirimwa chiri nyore kukura, asi Inopa mabhenefiti akawanda kune hutano uye nharaunda yebindu.Yayo yakakwirira antioxidant uye vhitamini yemukati inoita kuti ive shamwari mukudya kwako kwezuva nezuva, nepo kutaridzika kwayo kunoyevedza kutaridzika, nemashizha makuru uye michero inoshamisira, inowedzera kukosha kwekushongedza. Mukuwedzera, kurima pamba kunobvumira kuwanikwa kwe michero mitsva, organic uye isina makemikari, yakanakira kugadzirira jamu, sosi uye muto, kana kuidya zvakananga.
Nekuronga kwakakodzera uye nekutevera kurudziro yatsanangurwa pamusoro, zvinokwanisika kunakidzwa nezvakawanda uye zvinogara zvichigadzirwa kwechikamu chikuru chegore. Hatifanire kukanganwa kukosha kwekuyedza uye nedzidzo kwekutarisira chirimwa chisiri mubindu, chakakwana kune avo vari kutsvaga kuwedzera ruzivo rwavo rwehutsika kana kungonakidzwa nebasa rinopa mubairo.
Kurima madomasi emuti kumba idambudziko rinogoneka kune vanoita zvekurima uye vanofarira zvegadheni vanoda kuyedza maflavour matsva uye kupenya gadheni ravo nechirimwa chine simba uye chinobereka. Chinongodiwa kuita kutarisisa ivhu nemamiriro ekunze, kuve nechokwadi chekudiridza kwakakodzera, uye kuridzivirira kubva kuzvipembenene nezvirwere. Nemoyo murefu uye nehanya, tamarillo michero ichave yakarova mune chero imba.