La maple bug Yava chinhu chinozivikanwa zvikuru munharaunda dzakawanda, kunyanya uko miti yemumaple nemimwe miti yekushongedza yakawanda. Kunyangwe vakuru vezvehutano vachisimbirira kuti haisi njodzi kuhutano, kuvapo kukuru kwezvipembenene izvi pamadziro, mapatio, nedzimba kunoita kuti pave nepfungwa yekuti kunetseka nguva dzose kwevavakidzani, avo vari kuda mhinduro dzakarongeka.
Mumaguta akasiyana siyana dzakatangwa maitiro epamutemo uye mazano kuronga nzira yekurwisa denda iri remaguta: kubva pamirayiridzo yehunyanzvi yakanangana nemakanzuru emaguta nevashandi vane hunyanzvi, kusvika kumishandirapamwe yekupa ruzivo kuitira kuti vagari vagone kuita chimwe chinhu mudzimba dzavo nematanho ari nyore, vachiisa pamberi yakaderera zvakatipoteredza kukanganisa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mudzimba zvine hungwaru.
Chii chinonzi maple bug uye nei ichionekwa yakawanda mumaguta?
Chipukanana chemumaple (Boisea trivittata) chipembenene chinowanikwa kuNorth America, chine muviri murefu uye chakakombama Kureba kwe 1,3 cm muhukuruIne maitiro akasiyana zvikuru: mitsetse mitsvuku paprothorax nemapapiro ine hafu yakatsvuka yepakati nenzvimbo nhema yeapical, pamwe chete nemapapiro eshure nemakumbo. Pakukura kwayo, inopfuura nematanho akati wandei enymphal, ichikura kubva pasi pe1 mm kusvika yakura.
Imhando mhuka ine phytophagous, iyo inonyanya kudya mbeu dzemaple, kunyanya idzo dze nhema maple Mumaguta, muti uyu wekushongedza unowanikwa zvikuru mumigwagwa, makweya, uye minda. Unogonawo kuwanikwa uchikura pamiti yemadota, mimwe miti yemichindwe, nemimwe miti iri mumiti yemumigwagwa nemiti yepaki.
Maitiro ayo anotsanangura chikamu chikuru chezvinetso zvemunharaunda: munguva yechirimo nezhizha inonyanya kutarisa pamiti inoigamuchira, asi kana kudonha Mashizha paanotanga kudonha, anotsvaga nzvimbo dzinodziya dzekugara muchando. Panguva ino ndipo paanogona kuonekwa akawanda pamusoro apa. madziro ekunze, makoroni, matenga uye madziro epamberi, uye kunyange mukati medzimba.
Vakuru vezvehutano nemasango vanobvumirana kuti, pasinei nekuonekwa kwayo kunoshamisa, sezvo kuungana kukuru kunogona kutyisa, maple bug haisi zvipembenene. Hazvina kuruma, hazvitapurire zvirwere, uye hazvikuvadzi zvivako.Dambudziko guru rine chekuita nekugarisana: mavara matsvuku pamatanda emiti, zvipembenene zvinopinda nepamahwindo kana kuti zvinoungana mumakona, izvo zvinounza kusagadzikana kwakajeka munharaunda dzakakanganiswa.
Zvinonetsa munharaunda: kubva pamavara matsvuku pamiti kusvika pakupinzwa kwedzimba
Munzvimbo dzinoverengeka umo kwakaonekwa kuti kune utachiona hwakawanda, vagari vanotsanangura mamiriro acho ezvinhu se chipembenene chinoonekwa uye chinonetsaMune dzimwe nzvimbo, makoroni anoungana pahunde nemapazi emapule nemimwe miti yemumaguta, uye zvishoma nezvishoma anofamba achienda kudzimba, achipinda nepakati mitswe, mitswe yemahwindo, mitswe iri mumabhodhi epasi kana mambure eumhutu akapwanyika.
Vagari vemo vanoti tsikidzi dzinogona kuwanikwa mu madziro emukati, madenga, maketeni nemafuremu emusuwoIzvi zvinokonzera kunetseka uye, dzimwe nguva, kutya, sezvo dzimwe nguva zvichivhiringidzwa nezvimwe zvipembenene zvine basa guru pahutano hwevanhu, zvakaita sezvipembenene zvinotsvoda. Vakuru vanoyeuchidza veruzhinji kuti izvi mhando dzakasiyana kwazvo, muhunhu uye panjodzi pahutano, uye vanokurudzira kubvunza kune masevhisi ehutano kana ekudzivirira chirwere chemhuka kana muine mubvunzo.
Kumanikidzwa uku kwezuva nezuva kunoita kuti vanhu vazhinji vasarudze furotize wegaDzimwe nguva, zvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera kana zvekurima zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinonetsa masangano ezvehutano nezvakatipoteredza. Mabasa ehunyanzvi anosimbisa kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene zvisina tsarukano kunogona kukonzera matambudziko. kukuvara kwezvimwe zvipembenene nenzvimbo yakapoteredzauye kuti hazviwanzopa mhedzisiro iri nani.
Mune mamwe maguta, denda rechirwere iri rakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana, nepo mune dzimwe nzvimbo pasina nyaya dzakawanda dzinoitika. Kupararira uku kusina kuenzana kune chekuita ne kuvapo kwebhokisi remaple elder maples uye chimiro chedenga remuti wemumagutapamwe chete nekuvapo kwenzvimbo dzisina vanhu vakawanda uye nzvimbo dzekuvanda muzvivakwa zvekare, minda isina kuchengetwa zvakanaka, kana kuti kuunganidzwa kwezvisaririra zvemiti.
Masangano epamutemo anoti chii nezvenjodzi nekushandiswa kwemakemikari?
Masangano akasiyana-siyana ehutano hwemiti, zvakatipoteredza, uye hutano akadzidza nyaya iyi anobvumirana pane imwe pfungwa huru: Chipukanana chemumaple hachikonzeri njodzi kuvanhu, mhuka dzinovaraidza, kana miti yeruzhinji.Mishumo yehunyanzvi haina kunyora kukuvara kwakakosha kumiti yemumaguta, kunze kwekushandiswa kwembeu uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvirimwa zvinogaramo.
Ongororo iyi yakaita kuti hurumende dzigadzire mitemo inorambidza kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekurima munzvimbo dzeveruzhinjiKurapa kwakawanda nezvigadzirwa zvekurima hakubvumirwi mumigwagwa nemiti yemumaruwa, nekuda kwenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye kuvapo kwevagari vepedyo. Kupindira kwemakemikari munzvimbo dzakanyanya ndiko chete kunotenderwa, uye chero zvodini, kunofanirwa kuteverwa [zvisina kujeka - pamwe "kudzorwa" kana "mutemo"]. mvumo yekutanga uye mushumo wehunyanzvi wakasarudzika.
Mumba, zvinokurudzirwa kuti musashandise zvachose mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mudzimbaKushandiswa kwepamba, zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa mumba kana zvigadzirwa zve "garden line" zvakanyoreswa nevakuru vane hunyanzvi ndizvo zvinotenderwa, zvinowanzogadzirwa zvichibva pane cypermethrins yemvura uye piperonyl butoxide muhuwandu hwakaderera (pakati pe0,1% ne1%).
Nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvinofanirwa kushandiswa ne kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu Uye gara uchitevera mirairo yakanyorwa pane label, usingakundwe nemuedzo wekuwedzera dose. Kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene zvakawanda hazvirevi kuti mhedzisiro yacho iri nani uye kunogona kuwedzera njodzi kuhutano nenharaunda, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakavharirwa.
Kana paine kupindira pamiti yeruzhinji, mimwe mitemo inoda kuti pave ne mushumo wakasainwa neinjiniya wezvekurima kuongorora kudiwa chaiko kwekurapwa kwemakemikari munzvimbo iyoyo. Nzira dzemuviri dzakadai sekuchenesa mashizha akadonha, michero, nembeu dzinogara dzichikosheswa usati wafunga nezvekushandisa chero mushonga wezvipembenene.
Maitiro ekudzora: kuzvitarisira kumba uye kutarisira zvakatipoteredza
Zvichienderana nekuoma kwekushandisa mushonga wekupisa huremu hwakawanda pamwe nemiganhu yepamutemo pakushandiswa kwemishonga yekurima, vakuru vari kusarudza nzira yekubvisa huremu. Integrated management, uko mbiru huru iri kuzvidzora mudzimba uye basa rakabatana pakati pevagari nevatungamiriri.
Mafaira ehunyanzvi akagadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana anoratidza huwandu hwe mabasa ekutanga kumba izvo, kana zvabatanidzwa, zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuvapo kwezvipembenene:
- Chengeta nzira dzevanofamba netsoka nenzvimbo dziri pedyo dzakachenaKudzivirira kuungana kwemashizha akaoma, mbeu, uye marara uko zvipembenene zvinogona kupotera.
- Ita kuchekerera kwakakodzera mumiti iri pedyo nedzimba, kunyanya mwaka wechando usati wasvika, kuderedza huwandu hwembeu uye kubata zvakananga madziro nematenga.
- Vhara mitswe, mitswe uye mitswe midiki pamadziro, mapatio, magaraji nemagadheni, pamwe nekutarisa mamiriro emadziro epasi, mafuremu emasuo nemahwindo.
- Gadzirisa kana kutsiva mambure eumhutu akakuvara uye tarisa kuti magonhi nemahwindo akavharwa zvakanaka here, kunyanya panguva dzekupisa kwakanyanya.
Kana zvipembenene zvapinda mumba mako, hazvikurudzirwi kutsvaira mushonga wemumba zvakanyanya. Nzira dzekushandisa muviri dzinokurudzirwa panzvimbo pezvo. kutsvaira kana kutsvaira Zvikwekwe zvepamubhedha, zviise mumabhegi akavharwa zvakasimba uye zviise pachena kuti zvibviswe nezuva, uye bvunza vatungamiriri vezvemitemo nzira yekudzinga zvipembenene pamubhedhaNzira iyi, kunyange zvazvo ingave yakaoma, inodzivirira kupararira kwemakemikari mumba.
Sekuwedzera, masangano akati wandei anokurudzira kuishandisa kune mapoka anooneka Kune zvipembenene zvepamubhedha, mushonga wekugadzira unogadzirwa kumba nemvura, sipo, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semafuta emaminerari kana vhiniga yeapuro, muhuwandu hweinenge 10 cc pa litre mvura yechinhu chimwe nechimwe. Musanganiswa uyu unobatsira kudzivirira kufamba uye kubvisa zvipembenene zviri panze nenzvimbo dzakavharirwa.
Muzviitiko zvakati uye nguva dzose munzvimbo dzakatsanangurwa zvakanaka, dzinogona kushandiswa zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa imba zvemindaKutevedzera mazano ehunyanzvi: kushandiswa munzvimbo imwe chete uko kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezvipembenene pamubhedha, panguva dzakakosha mukutenderera kwazvo kwehupenyu, uye kudzivirira kurapwa kwakajairika kunogona kukanganisa zvimwe zvipenyu zvinobatsira.
Kutarisira miti mumaguta uye kubatanidzwa kwemasangano
Kuvapo kwechirwere chemaple mumaguta kwakabatana zvikuru ne kuronga miti mugutaKana miti yemhando yepamusoro ye maple, kunyanya box elder, yakadyarwa, pane mukana mukuru wekuti zvipembenene zvipararire munguva dzakatarwa dzegore.
Saka, magwaro ehunyanzvi akanyorwa kumaguta nemapaki nemabasa eminda anosimbisa kukosha kwe kuverenga miti yemaple Munzvimbo imwe neimwe, ronga kuchekerera uye ongorora, munguva yepakati nerefu, marudzi akasiyana-siyana kudzivirira kuwanda kwemiti inoshanda senzvimbo huru yezvipembenene.
Munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, nzira inonyanya kushandiswa ndeyekudzivirira kurapwa kwemakemikari akawanda uye kusarudza... kutungamirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza: kuchenesa makomba emiti, kubvisa mbeu nemashizha nguva nenguva, kusuka hunde ne sipo yakapfava uye kugadzirisa ivhu kuderedza nzvimbo dzinogona kupotera zvipembenene.
Dzimwe hurumende dzemuno, kunyanya idzo dzisina mari yakawanda yezvehupfumi nehunyanzvi, dzinoti hadzikwanise kutevedzera nzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa, dzakadai sekufambisa miti yese nemichina inorema, iyo yakashandiswa mumaguta makuru. Nokudaro kukosha kwekuva ne nhungamiro dzakajeka uye maitiro izvo zvinobatsira kugadzirisa zviwanikwa zviripo.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, masangano ezvehutano hwekurima nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza akagadzira zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi nemitemo chaiyo Magwaro aya anobatanidza zvinodiwa pakati pehurumende dzemuno, mapoka akasarudzika, uye vagari. Anosimbisa kubatana kwemasangano akasiyana uye kutora chikamu kwenharaunda sezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzirisa zvipembenene zvemaple munzvimbo dzemaguta zvinobudirira uye zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Ruzivo rwakawanda runoratidza kuti musanganiswa weruzivo rwakajeka, kuzvidzora kwemumba, kugadziriswa kwemigwagwa nemagadheni nguva dzose Uye kushandiswa kwakaringana kwemakemikari kunotibvumira kugara pamwe chete nerudzi urwu uku tichideredza migumisiro yarwo. Kunyangwe kuvapo kwarwo kuchigona kuonekwa uye dzimwe nguva kuchinetsa, humbowo hwehunyanzvi huripo hunoratidza kuti, nekurongeka kwakanaka uye matanho ari nyore anowanikwa nemunhu wese, zvinokwanisika kudzora huwandu hwarwo pasina kuisa panjodzi hutano kana kuenzana kwenzvimbo yemaguta.
