Mumakore achangopfuura, pfungwa iri nyore asi ine simba yakapinda munhaurirano yetsika: Takatarisa mifananidzoAsi hatimbooni zvirimwa zvinoonekwa mazviri.Kusanyatsoteerera uku, kunonzi "kusaona kwezvirimwa," kwave kutanga kwekuratidzira kuri kutenderera kuSpain uye kunokurudzira nzira yakasiyana yekuongorora nhoroondo yeunyanzvi.
Pasi pemusoro wenyaya "Zvinhu zvemiti muunyanzvi. Zvirimwa muunganidzwa wePrado Museum"Kuratidzwa kwekufamba kwakakurudzirwa neLa Caixa Foundation nePrado Museum kunoratidza kuti maruva, miti, michero nemiti hazvisiriwo mamiriro akanaka chete, asi zviratidzo zvechokwadi, nyaya uye manzwiro mukati memabasa anopfuura makumi mashanu anotangira kubva kare kusvika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.
Kuratidzwa kwekufamba kunoratidza bindu rakavanzika rePrado
Kuratidzwa kwacho, kwakarongwa nemuchengeti webindu, mugadziri wenzvimbo uye muongorori wemiti Eduardo Barba, yakatanga kuratidzwa mu CaixaForum Gironauko inogona kushanyirwa kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 23, uye mushure mezvo ichashanyira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeCaixaForum muSpain. Chirongwa ichi chakagadzirirwa kufamba-famba uye chichasvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo mumakore anotevera. Lleida, Tarragona, Zaragoza, Seville uye Valencianekugara kwemwedzi yakati wandei panzvimbo imwe neimwe, zvichibvumira vateereri vakawanda kuti vatarise maonero aya emiti pamusoro peunyanzvi hwekuEurope.
Mumakamuri, muenzi anosangana Mabasa makumi mashanu nematatu kubva kuPrado National Museumizvo zvinofukidza nguva yakareba kwazvo: kubva pamifananidzo yeRoma (zana remakore rekutanga) kusvika pamifananidzo kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, senge nzvimbo yeCuenca kubva muna 1910. Hazvisi zvemachira chete: zvinogara pamwe chete. kupenda pane panel, mhangura nekanvas, mifananidzo yemitiporcelain uye zvishongo zvekushongedzaZvizhinji zvacho hazvisati zvamboonekwa kusvika pari zvino, uye zvimwe zvacho zvakatove zvisiri kuonekwa kwenguva yakareba.
Zvizhinji zvezvidimbu izvi zvinobva ku Matura ePrado uye yakagadziriswa zvakanyanya kunyanya nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwacho. Sekureva kwevarongi, kutenderera 90% yemifananidzo iri kuratidzwa MuGirona, dzakagadziriswa kuti dzidzore mavara, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye hunyanzvi hwemiti hwakasiyiwa nekufamba kwenguva.
Ngano yeEurope yemaruva, michero nezviratidzo
Sarudzo iyi inopa rwendo kuburikidza netsika dzakasiyana dzemifananidzo dzekuEurope, dzese dzakabatana netambo imwe chete: kuvapo kwezvinhu zvemiti zvine chirevo kana kuti nhoroondoVashanyi vanogona kuwana mienzaniso inomiririra yechikoro cheSpanish—vachinyanya kukoshesa muunganidzwa wekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20—pamwe chete nemamwe mabasa. Flemish, Northern Europe, Italian neFrench.
Pakati pemazita akakurumbira pane vaimbi vakaita se Anton van Dyck, Jan Brueghel Mukuru kana Nicolas PoussinMabasa aya anoyeuchidza nezvemifananidzo yeFlemish neyechinyakare yechiFrench yemuzana remakore rechi17. Asi mutariri aidawo kusanganisira mabasa evanyori vemifananidzo vasinganyanyi kuzivikanwa, vasingazivikanwe, kana kuti vachangobva kutaurwa, kuratidza kuti zvirimwa zvinopinda sei muvanyori vemifananidzo vakuru uye mumabasa asinganyanyi kuziviswa.
Muenzaniso unoshamisa unopiwa ne nzvimbo yeuroyi inonzi yakakonzerwa neflamenco David Teniers Mudikiuyo munyori wake akasimbiswa panguva yekugadziriswa kwechinyorwa chisati chaitwa. Mufananidzo uyu, wakakweretwa kuLope de Vega House Museum muMadrid, unosanganisira mufananidzo we svetukaChirimwa chine simba rekunyaradza chinosimbisa mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujeka, ehusiku. Kana rwendo rwapera, basa racho rinogona kubatanidzwa muunganidzwa wePrado unogara uripo.
Zvidimbu hazviunzwe mushure me kurongeka kwezviitiko kwakasimbaPanzvimbo pekurongeka kwakarongeka, kuratidzwa uku kunokurudzira kusanganiswa uye hurukuro pakati pemabasa anobva panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzine marudzi akasiyana emiti kana zvinoreva zviratidzo. Saka, kuratidzwa uku kunokoka vashanyi kuti vaverenge zvirimwa semutauro unobatanidza mazana emakore ekugadzira hunyanzvi.
Zvikamu zvina zvekunzwisisa kuti zvirimwa zvinotaura sei mumifananidzo
Kurwisa upofu uhwu hwezvirimwa, maererano naEduardo Barba, hunotonga maonero enzvimbo nemaunganidzwa emamiziyamu aripo iye zvino, kuratidzwa uku kwakarongwa muna nzvimbo ina huru dzine dingindira vanoongorora nzira dzakasiyana-siyana idzo botany inosanganisirwa nadzo muunyanzvi.
Chikamu chekutanga, chine musoro unoti "Miti inotaura nyaya"Inobatanidza mabasa ayo zvinhu zvemiti zvakakosha pakududzira chiitiko ichi. Muenzaniso unokosha chifananidzo chamwari wechiGiriki wehope, Madhiragi, inomiririrwa neboka remichero opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)Opium, inozivikanwa nepfungwa dzayo dzekunyaradza, inotorwa kubva mupoppy iyi, saka chirimwa ichi chinosimbisa pfungwa yekurara kusingaperi kunobatanidzwa nerufu.
Mune imwe imba, muoni anosangana nechifananidzo chamwari iyeye wehope, chakagadzirwa nemuviri wemunhu Zana remakore rekutanga uye rakapedzwa muzana remakore rechi16, pedyo nea mufananidzo wejaya naJan Roos, ane makore makumi matatu ekutanga ezana remakore rechi17. Chinhu chakafanana ipoppy, asi mufananidzo waRoos wemafuta unosanganisirawo zvimwe zviratidzo zvemariro: machestnuts, mapomegranate, macarnations uye mufananidzo wamwari Mercury kunongedzera kudenga, izvo zvinoratidza kuti inogona kunge iri mufananidzo wemunhu akafa.
Nzvimbo yechipiri, inoratidzwa pasi pemusoro wenyaya "Prado imunda"Inotarisa pamifananidzo yemubindu nemabasa anobatsira kuchengetedza mifananidzo iyi. Semuenzaniso, ine mamongi achisarudza mababu yemunda kana mwarikadzi weRoma Flora kutarisira hutano hwenzvimbo dzakasvibira. Pano musiyamu inonzwisiswa sebindu guru rekufananidzira uko ngano, basa rekurima nekufungisisa zvinosangana.
Chikamu chechitatu, "Kuda zvirimwa"Inoongorora zvinhu zvine chekuita nepfungwa uye zvinhu zvemiti. Inosimbisa zvirimwa zvinokosheswa kuburikidza nekunhuhwirira kana kuravira, zvakawanda zvacho zvichibva nzvimbo dziri kure kune veruzhinji vekuEurope venguva iyoyo, vakaita se lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) kana the taro (Colocasia esculenta)Mhando dzose dziri mbiri dzinodyiwa. Mabasa aya anotaura nezvekufamba, kutengeserana, uye kuda kuziva kwesainzi, pamwe nekuyeuchidza nezvemanukiro nekunhuhwirira.
Nzvimbo yekupedzisira, ine zita rekuti "Manzwiro ari munharaunda"Inobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana apo zvinomera zvinobatsira kugadzira mafungiro. Vashanyi vanofamba-famba pakati pezviitiko zve kugadzikana, dutu, kunzwa kwekuvharirwa, kana kusada zvinhu zvekunzeuko kusarudza miti, zvikwenzi uye magadzirirwo egirini kwakakosha pakupa mamiriro ekunze akasiyana.
Zviratidzo, zvechitendero uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva kuburikidza nemaruva nemichero
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinobatsira pakuratidzwa uku ndechekuratidza, nemienzaniso chaiyo, kuti Chirimwa chimwe nechimwe chinogona kuva nezvirevo zvakaoma, uye zvinotopesanaZvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Mubasa racho Mhandara neMwana, Mutsvene Johane nengirozi (1536), kubva Lucas Cranach MukuruChitsama chemazambiringa chinoonekwa chichibatanidzwa nechishuwo chaKristu cheramangwana: chinomiririra kugamuchirwa kwechibayiro chichaitwa naJesu muhupenyu hwake hwemunhu mukuru.
Makore zana gare gare, vamwe vaimbi vekuEurope vakatendeukira kumiti kuti vataure nezvenyaya dzakasiyana-siyana serudo uye hunhu hwehupenyu hupfupi. Infanta Maria Antonia Fernanda de Borbón, yakapendwa na Jacobo AmigoniMufananidzo we "carnation" wakachengetwa nemutambi mukuru muruoko rwake unoreva pfungwa yerudoZvisinei, rudzi irworwo rweruva, rwakaiswa muhari iri pedyo nedehenya mubasa racho Vanitas kubva kuFrance Jacques Linard, inova chiratidzo che Rufu uye kupfupika kwehupenyuKuratidzwa uku kunotikoka kuti titarise pane zvakasiyana-siyana izvi uye tisiye pfungwa yekuti maruva ingori chinhu chekushongedza.
Pazuva nezuva, zvinhu zvinoonekwa se zvinomera zvemumaguta kana zvekumaruwa Zvakare ine zvazvinoreva. Mufananidzo wemafuta Minda yemichero (Cuenca), yakapendwa muna 1910 na Aureliano de BerueteInoshandisa mavara egirini emichero kusimbisa mufananidzo akaoma uye asina kushatirwa yeguta reCastilian. Dai pasina kugara kuripo kwemavara iwayo akasvibira uye kurongeka kwezvirimwa, hunhu hwenzvimbo yacho hwaizova hwakasiyana zvachose.
Pfungwa yakafanana, sezvakapfupikiswa nemutariri wayo, ndeyekutenda kuti "Hapana zvinoitika panguva imwe chete muunyanzvi"Muto wemiti yeminzwa, ivy, muchero wecitrus unoshamisa, cactus ine minzwa, kana shizha remuti rinova nhumbi dzinotakura nyaya dzechitendero, dzengano, dzezvematongerwo enyika, kana dzemanzwiro. Barba anotaura kuti zvirimwa zvinorondedzera nyaya dzerwendo rwemarudzi, tsika dzevanhu, uye kunyange ruzivo rwevanhu rwenguva imwe neimwe.
Chiitiko chekunzwa: nzvimbo dzekunhuhwirira, mifananidzo yemiti uye manzwi
Chikumbiro ichi hachingogumiri pakungonyora mazita emiti nezviratidzo zvemazuva ose. Chimwe chezvinangwa zvechiratidziro ndechekushanyira muenzi. Batanidza chiono cherudzi nekunhuhwirira kwarwo, magadzirirwo arwo, uye kuvapo kwarwo chaikoKuti izvi zviitike, rwendo urwu rwunowedzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandura kushanya uku kuita chiitiko chinonakidza zvikuru.
Vakaiswa mumakamuri ese nzvimbo shanu dzekunhuhwirira izvo zvinobvumira vashanyi kunhuhwirira hwema hwakafuridzirwa nemarudzi aripo mumabasa anoratidzwa. Veruzhinji vanogona, semuenzaniso, kusvika ku muonde (Ficus carica) perfume kana kunhuhwirira kwe Ruva reMay (Rosa × centifolia)kusimudzira ndangariro yekunhuhwirira inopindirana nekufungisisa kwemifananidzo. Pfungwa yacho iri nyore: kana kuona jasmine pacanvas kuchitiyeuchidza kunhuhwirira kwayo, sei tisingaitauri pachena munzvimbo yekuratidzira?
Pamwe chete nemabasa mazhinji anoratidzwa mifananidzo yemiti iri mumamiriro ayo chaiwo, yakagadzirwa nemuimbi Paula CodoñerMifananidzo iyi inobvumira kuenzanisa zvakananga kwemhando chaiyo nedudziro yayo yeunyanzvi, mumutambo wekuti "spot the treasure" unonyanya kufadza vana. Chiitiko ichi chinovakurudzira kuwana chirimwa chakavanzwa mumufananidzo, zvichivandudza hunyanzvi hwavo hwekutarisa.
Kupera kwerwendo kwavewo kuchifungidzirwa sechiitiko chinonakidza. Mukamuri rekupedzisira, basa rimwe chete rinoratidzwa, rakanangana ne jardin, pamwe chete nechidimbu chine ruzha chakavakirwa pa ruzha rwechokwadi rwenzvimbo yebinduKurira kwechitubu, rwiyo rweshiri nhema neshiri diki, kurira kwenyuchi inoyambuka nzvimbo yacho. Zvese izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro ekunze anoyevedza anoshanda sekuonekana zvinyoro nyoro kuratidzwa.
Kubva kumuseum kusvika papepa: katarogu yekutevera nzira yemiti muunyanzvi
Vachiziva kuti havasi vese vachakwanisa kushanyira nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeCaixaForum, varongi vakaburitsa chinyorwa katarogu inoburitsazve nzira yekuratidziraBhuku iri haringosanganisi mifananidzo yemabasa acho chete, asi rinewo magwaro anotsanangura mabasa acho. nyaya dzemiti yechinhu chimwe nechimwe, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yemhando yemiti nemifananidzo, zvifananidzo nezvinhu zvekushongedza.
Bhuku iri rinosanganisirawo Chinyorwa chakatsaurirwa kunhoroondo yemifananidzo yemiti, yakasainwa na Beatriz Sánchez Torija, nhengo yedhipatimendi remifananidzo, mapikicha nemifananidzo paPrado Museum. Rugwaro urwu runotsanangura kuti maruva akanyorwa sei kuburikidza nemifananidzo kubva pakutanga kwayo, uye kuti mufananidzo wemifananidzo wakachinjawo sei nzira iyo zvirimwa zvinomiririrwa nayo mune mamwe mabasa ehunyanzvi.
Katarogu iyi yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa sechishandiso chinobatsira kune avo vanoshanyira kuratidzwa uye vanoda kudzika zvakadzama muzvinhu zviri mugallery uye kune avo vanofarira hukama huripo pakati hunyanzvi, sainzi nezvisikwa usingakwanise kufamba. Neimwe nzira, zvinokutendera kuti ugare pamba pako uchifamba-famba pakati pemifananidzo neminda zvinokurudzirwa nechirongwa chekuratidzira.
Prado Museum neLa Caixa Foundation zvose zvinosimbisa kuti basa iri mhedzisiro ye kushanda pamwe chete kwemapoka akawanda ehunyanzvi uye ekugadzirisaMusangano weKudzoreredza wemuseum uyu wakaita basa guru mukudzorera chitarisiko chepakutanga chemabasa mazhinji, ayo zvino anoratidza ruzivo rwemiti rwaimboonekwa kare. Mutungamiriri wePrado, Miguel Falomir, yakatsigira pachena kuzvipira kune iyi nzira yekutsvagisa, izvo zvinowedzera kune dzimwe nzira dzekufamba nadzo dzakagadzirwa mugallery yeunyanzvi mumakore achangopfuura.
Eduardo Barba pachake akambotungamira kuratidzwa paPrado. rwendo rwemiti mukati mezviunganidzwa zvechigarireKuratidzwa kwekare, kwakatarisana nekuwana zvirimwa zvakakosha mumakamuri akasiyana, ikozvino kwava kuwedzera nzira iyi nenzira yakatarisana uye yekudzidzisa, zvichiunza kune veruzhinji chidzidzo chinowanzo tora nzvimbo kumashure kune nhoroondo huru dzenhoroondo kana dzechitendero.
Kuburikidza nerwendo urwu rwekufamba-famba muGirona nemamwe maguta akadai seTarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Seville neValencia, chirongwa ichi chinoratidza kuti Tarisa zvirimwa zviri mumifananidzo wakadzikama Zvinoshandura manzwisisiro atinoita zviitiko, vatambi, nenzvimbo. Pakutanga zvaiita sekushongedza maruva zviri nyore zvinova kiyi yekutsanangura mashoko, mafungiro, uye tsika izvo vaimbi vekuEurope vanga vachiisa mumabasa avo kwemazana emakore.
