Mumakore achangopfuura, araucaria araucana Yakava chiratidzo chechokwadi chemasango eSouth Cone, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine makomo eChile neArgentina. Kunyangwe isiri chikamu chemazuva ese muEurope, nhoroondo yayo, kukosha kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvirongwa zvinotsvaga kuidzivirira Vari kumutsa kufarira kuri kuwedzera pakati penyanzvi, vatauri vezvakatipoteredza uye veruzhinji, zvakare muSpain.
Bhuku idzva remifananidzo uye rekudzidzisa, rakanangana zvachose ne Araucaria araucana nemasango ayoChinangwa chave chiri chekuunza iyi mhuka yekare pedyo neruzhinji. Chinyorwa, chakagadzirwa naChilean Forestry engineer Leonardo Araya, chinounza pamwechete high visual impact mifananidzo, rondedzero inosvikika uye yakagadziridzwa yeruzivo rwesainzi rwuripo, zvichiita kuti rive basa rinobatsira vanhu vanoda kuziva vasina ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye kune avo vanoshanda mukuchengetedza ecosystem.
Bhuku remifananidzo kuti unzwisise muti wekare
Basa rine musoro "Araucaria Araucana nemasango ayo nhasi" Inoratidzwa serwendo rwekuona uye rwedzidzo kuburikidza nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakanyanya kumiririra dzekumaodzanyemba kweChile, uko conifer iyi inotonga kumusoro. Kure nekungova bhuku remifananidzo, vhoriyamu inosanganiswa mapikicha erunako rwakakura nemagwaro akajeka anotsanangura kuti muti wakaita sei, unoita basa ripi musango uye chii kutyisidzira kwainotarisana nako.
Sekutsanangura kunoita munyori pachake, bhuku rakarongwa rakatenderedza matemo matatu makuru: sarudzo yakanyatsochekwa ye mapikicha asina kuburitswa kutorwa kumunda; nhoroondo yedzidziso inodzivirira zvisina kufanira tekinoroji pasina kurasikirwa nekuomarara; uye kuunganidza nekududzira kubva kuchikamu chikuru chezvinyorwa zvesainzi zviripo pamhando iyi. Musanganiswa uyu unobvumira muverengi kuti anakirwe nemifananidzo achinzwisisa kuomarara kwe ecological kuseri kwenzvimbo yega yega.
Iyo Araucaria araucana imhando ine makore anofungidzirwa kuti angaite 115 mamirioni emakoreIzvi zvinoita kuti ive chisaririra chechokwadi chinorarama. Kuvepo kwayo kunotangira kutaridzika kwerudzi rwemunhu nechikamu chakakura, uye zvakadaro nhasi kupona kwayo kunoenderana zvakanyanya nesarudzo dzemaneja, marongero eruzhinji, uye nhanho yekuziva iyo nzanga ine kukosha kwayo. Kuti unzwisise zera rayo, unogona kutarisa runyorwa rwe miti mikuru pasi rose.
Mamiriro ekuona ebasa anoita kuti zvirimo zvinyanye kukwezva kwete kune nyanzvi chete, asiwo kune vadzidzi, nzvimbo dzedzidzo uye vanhu vanofarira mumasango akadzikama ekumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere, rudzi rwechisikwa chipenyu chinowanzoenda chisingacherechedzwi nenhepfenyuro muEurope pasinei nekukosha kwaro kune zvipenyu zvepasi rose.
Saka bhuku racho rinoratidzwa sechishandiso chinobatsira kune vose vari vaviri dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza pamwe chete nekusimudzira ruzivo pakati pevashanyi nevashanyi vanouya kumasango aya, vachipa ruzivo rwakarongwa uye rwuri nyore kunzwisisa pamusoro pemhando yemhando iyo, kunyange zvazvo iri kure, inofambirana nekutarisira masango munyika dzeEurope.
Iyo Araucaria araucana uye mwoyo wemasango ayo
Chimwe chezvimedu zvinokatyamadza zve data zvinosanganisirwa mukuburitswa ndeye kugoverwa kwemazuva ano kwemasango araucaria muChile. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwakanyorwa naLeonardo Araya, inenge 83% yenzvimbo dzeAraucaria araucana inomira munzvimbo yeLa AraucanÃa, uye inopfuura hafu yenzvimbo iyi iri mudunhu reMalleco.
Mukati menzvimbo iyi, macommunes e CuracautÃn uye Lonquimay Vanoratidzika seyechokwadi epicenter yezvipenyu. Ikoko, miti yeAraucaria inoumba masango makuru ayo, muzviitiko zvakawanda, anopindirana nemakomo anoputika, madhamu, uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemakomo, zvichiita nzvimbo iyo bhuku rinotora kuburikidza nerepertoire yakawanda yemifananidzo yakatorwa mumwaka wakasiyana wegore.
Vhoriyamu zvakare inosimbisa kubatana pakati pemasango aya ne Araucaria Biosphere ReserveInozivikanwa neUNESCO kubvira 1983, inochengeterwa inokwana mahekita anopfuura miriyoni imwe, inosanganisira masevhisi mapfumbamwe mudunhu reLa AraucanÃa, uye inotenderedza nzvimbo gumi dzakadzivirirwa dzerenje, uko Araucaria araucana ndiyo mhando yemhando. Basa racho rinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti sei kudomwa kwepasirese kwakakosha pakutungamira marongero ekudzivirira uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwenzvimbo.
Kuburikidza nemepu, tsananguro, uye mapikicha akadzama, bhuku rinoratidza kuti kugoverwa kwemarudzi aya kunopindirana sei nemapaki enyika, matura, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzinogarwa nemasango. Aya maonero enzvimbo anobatsira kunzwisisa kuti kuchengetedzwa kwearaucaria hakungogumiri kune enclaves ega, asi kuti inoumba chikamu chetiweki yakaoma. nzvimbo dzinobereka zvibereko, nharaunda dzenharaunda nenzvimbo dzehukoshi hwepamusoro.
Kune vaverengi vekuEurope, vakajaira maitiro akasimba ekutonga masango uye masango akashandurwa zvakanyanya, chokwadi cheaya masango eAraucaria chinogona kunyanya kunakidza, sezvo zvichiunza pamberi pemakakatanwa pamusoro pemiganhu yekushandisa, kuchengetedzwa kwemhando dzechiratidzo, uye kuenderana pakati pezviitwa zvinogadzira uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Nzira yekudzidzisa uye inowanikwa kune sainzi
Kupfuura kutaridzika kwekuona, imwe yesimba rebasa ndeyayo didactic nziraChinyorwa chakagadzirirwa nechinangwa chekuti chero munhu, kunyangwe asina kudzidziswa kwesainzi yemasango, anogona kunzwisisa pfungwa dzekutanga nezve ecology ye araucaria, kusimba kwemasango ayo uye dzvinyiriro huru dzinovabata.
Munyori anoturikira sainzi yakakura iripo Chinyorwa chinotsanangura mhando zvakajeka, kudzivirira yakawandisa tekinoroji jargon uye kushandisa kongiri munda mienzaniso. Misoro yakafukidzwa inosanganisira kutenderera kwehupenyu hwearaucaria, kuberekana, kukosha kwembeu dzayo (piñón inosanozivikanwa) yemhuka dzesango nenharaunda dzemunharaunda, uye ivhu chairo nemamiriro ekunze kwainokura.
Iri bhuku rinopawo nzvimbo yekutsanangudza hukama hwenhoroondo pakati peAraucaria araucana nehuwandu hwevanhu munzvimbo dzayo, kuunganidza ruzivo pamusoro pemashandisirwo echinyakare, shanduko mukushandiswa kwevhu, uye kukakavara kunobva mukumanikidza zviwanikwa. Nenzira iyi, muverengi anogona kuwana zano rekuti iyo araucaria forests Izvo zvose inhaka yechisikigo uye chikamu chekugara kuchichinja kwetsika.
Iyi nzira yekudzidzisa inobatana nemakakatanwa ari kuitika muSpain nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope dzakatenderedza mhando dzemhando dzemhando yepamusoro, semasango emakomo beech, masango emuouki eAtlantic, uye masango emupine. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, kusanganiswa kwe ruzivo rwakanaka rwesainzi uye zvinhu zvekudzidzisa Chinokosha pakuvaka rubatsiro rwemagariro ekuchengetedza.
Kunyangwe basa iri rakanangana nenzvimbo kuChile neArgentina, maitiro ayo anobvumira kuti kufanana kukwekwe ne. manejimendi uye nzira dzekuchengetedza izvo zviri kukurukurwa muEurope, kunyanya maererano nenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvipenyu, mapaki enyika uye matanho ekudzivirira akafanana anotsvaka kuyananisa kuvapo kwevanhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa.
Munyori uye masangano anotsigira basa
Bhuku rakasainwa na Leonardo ArayaInjiniya wemasango ane makore anopfuura makumi maviri echiitiko achishanda mumasango ekumaodzanyemba kweChile. Mubasa rake rose, akashanda semuongorori wezvemasango munharaunda yeCuracautÃn uye semutariri muConguillÃo neTolhuaca National Parks, achimupa ruzivo rwekutanga rwezvese zviri zviviri ecological ecology yemasango aya nematambudziko ekutarisira kwavo kwemazuva ese.
Ichi chiitiko chemumunda chinoshandura kuita nzira yechokwadi, uko mafoto uye tsananguro dzisiri mapositadhi chete, asi mhedzisiro yemakore kuongorora kwakarongekaKuongorora uye kwakananga basa ne ecosystems uye nharaunda dzenzvimbo. Maonero ehunyanzvi emunyori anowedzerwa nekunzwa kwekuona kunotsvaga kuratidza kusiyana kwemafomu, maumbirwo, uye nharaunda uko Araucaria araucana inokura.
Chinyorwa chinotsigirwa nemasangano akati wandei ane nhoroondo refu mukuchengetedza ecosystem uye manejimendi. Pakati pavo, zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha: National Committee yeDziviriro yeFauna neFlora (CODEFF).
Kutorawo chikamu Araucarias Biosphere Reserve CommitteeIyo agency ine basa rekubatanidza kuyedza munzvimbo yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana, inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, huwandu hwevanhu, zviitiko zvinogadzira, uye nzvimbo dzehukoshi hwepamusoro. Kupinda kwayakaita muchirongwa ichi kunosimbisa kukosha kwekuve nemidziyo yakavimbika inobatsira kuparadzira zvinorehwa nezvinangwa zvezita renzvimbo yakachengetedzwa inocherechedzwa neUNESCO.
El College of Forestry Engineers Inojoinhawo sesangano rinotsigira, ichipa rutsigiro kubva kunyanzvi. Vamiriri varo vakaratidza kukosha kwebhuku sechishandiso chekunzwisisa zviri nani hukama pakati pemuti weAraucaria, nharaunda yaro yezvakatipoteredza, uye kuvapo kwevanhu munharaunda, pamwe nekubatsira kwekuwana nayo. graphic uye technical material yakagadziridzwa pakudzidziswa uye kukakavara pamusoro pemitemo yemasango.
Chishandiso chemaraibhurari, dzidzo, uye veruzhinji
Basa "Araucaria Araucana nemasango ayo nhasi" rakagadzirirwa kutenderera mumatunhu akasarudzika uye maraibhurari evoruzhinji nenzvimbo dzokuverengeraMuChile, kuwanikwa kwayo kwakaziviswa muProvidence Library System, iyo inofambisa kubvunzana kwemahara nevadzidzi, vadzidzisi uye vagari vanofarira.
Pamusoro pekuwanikwa kuti uverenge muimba yekuverengera, bhuku racho rinogona kuodwa kuburikidza newebhusaiti. araucariaaraucana.clIzvi zvinowedzera kusvika kwayo kupfuura nharaunda iyo yakawanda yezvinyorwa zvayo inogadzirwa. Iyi mhando yekugovera inobvumira kudhindwa kusvika kune vezvidzidzo, masangano ezvemamiriro ekunze, uye vanhu vari kunze kweChile vanoda kudzamisa ruzivo rwavo rwezvipenyu.
Kune mamiriro eEuropean, kuve nechinhu chine aya maitiro anomiririra mukana wekubatanidza iyo araucaria araucana mukuenzanisa zvirongwa zvedzidzo, apo kufanana uye kusiyana pakati pemasango anodziya eNorthern and Southern Hemispheres anoongororwa. Inovhurawo musuwo wemaraibhurari eyunivhesiti nenzvimbo dzezvinyorwa zvezvakatipoteredza kuti dzibatanidze basa mukuunganidza kwavo.
Maonero ebhuku rinoita kuti rive nyore kushandisa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. kuziva kwezvakatipoteredza, sezviratidziro, hurukuro kana zviitiko zvesainzi, uko mifananidzo yakakura yemhando inogona kunyanya kubatsira kuratidza zvidzidzo kana zvinyorwa zveruzivo.
Kunyange zvazvo bhuku racho rakavakirwa mundima yakananga, shoko rarinozivisa pamusoro pebhuku racho zvinoda kutarisira masango ekare, mhuka dzakararama kwenguva refu Uye nzvimbo dzine chikamu chakasimba chetsika dzinobatana nematambudziko akagovaniswa nenyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Spain, uko kuchengetwa kwemasango nekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana zvakare chikamu chegakava reveruzhinji.
Iri bhuku remifananidzo uye rekudzidzisa rinokwanisa kuunza pamwechete kuomarara kwesainzi, ruzivo rwemumunda, uye ziso rakangwarira rekunakaKupa mufananidzo wakadzama weAraucaria araucana nemasango akaipoteredza, kudhindwa kwayo kunosimbisa kufarira mumuti uyo, kunyangwe uchikura zviuru zvemakiromita kubva kuEurope, wave mucherechedzo wepasi rose wekuchengetedza uye chiyeuchidzo chekukosha kwekuchengetedza masango ecosystem ayo achiri nemarara ekare.